ABSTRACT
This
study attempted to investigate the effects of socio-economic status on student
performance in commerce in educational district II in Shomolu Local Government
Area of Lagos State. In this study related and relevant literature was
reviewed. Also, survey research design was used in the assessment of the
respondents’ opinion with the use of the questionnaire. A total of 200 (two
hundred) students in five selected school were used as participants in this
study. While the bio-data and research
questions were analyzed with the use of the mean. At the end of the analysis,
the following results were obtained: There is a significant difference between
parental socio-economic status and students’ academic performance in senior
Secondary Schools; and there is a significant relationship between parent
educational background and student academic performance.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgements iv
Abstract vi
Tale of contents vii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study 1
1.2
Statement of the Problem 5
1.3 Purpose of the Study 6
1.4
Research Questions 6
1.5 The
Hypotheses 7
1.6 Significance of the Study 8
1. 7 Scope and Limitation of the
Study 8
1.8 Operational Definition of terms 9
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE
REVIEW
2.1 Introduction 10
2.2 Women’s Education 10
2.3 Relationship
Between Education and Women’s Employment or
14
Occupational
Attainment
2.4 Relationship
Between Education and Women’s Income or Earnings 21
2.5
Relationship Between Education and Women’s Job Promotion or 22
Leadership
2.6 Relationship Between Education and Women’s
social life 24
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction 29
3.1 Research Design 29
3.2 Population of the Study 29
3.3 Sample and Sampling Population 30
3.4 Data Collection (Research Instrument) 30
3.5 Validity and Reliability of Research Instrument 30
3.6 Administration of Research Instrument 31
3.7 Method of Data Presentation and Analysis 31
CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION OF DATA AND RESULT
4.0 Introduction 32
4.1 Descriptive Data 32
4.2 Testing Of Hypotheses 40
4.3 Discussion of findings 43
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION AND
SUGGESTION FOR FURTHER RESEARCH STUDY.
5.1 Summary of Major findings 46
5.2 Conclusion 47
5.3 Recommendations 48
5.4 Suggestions for their research studies: 48
References 50
Appendix 56
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
The
importance of education is quite clear. Education is regarded as key to
empowerment. Hence it is the key to national development. Education, according
to Good (1993) as cited in Omegun, (2004) is the aggregate of all the processes
by means of which a person develops his or her abilities, attitudes, and other
forms of behaviour of positive value in the society in which he or she lives.
In similar vein, (Gharavi- Naeeni (2010) says that Education is the knowledge
of how: to put one's potentials to maximum use. In essence, one can simply say
that a human being does not have proper sense until he or she is educated. This
means that without the correct commitment, all education would be useless.
People who do not have the correct commitment will not be able to take the
initiative to apply it they still will not be successful.
Education
can be formal, non-formal and informal. Formal education takes place within the
school system. It is organized, planned, and systematically structured with
life as its content and definite forms on- formal education on the other hand occurs
outside the formal school system.
Although
less structured. It is more task and skill oriented more flexible and learner-
centered.
The
informal education is impromptu and non pre- meditated. The women and girl
child education is a close articulation of the formal, non-formal and informal
education approaches to and mechanism for the awakening of an all round
development of the women potential.
It
has been recognized that qualitative education is the major source of human
empowerment that eradicates poverty globally. With sound education, labour is
moved from unskilled to skilled type which enhances its productivity and by
intuition the income that labour earns.
Attention
has been directed to women and girl child education, giving its clear link to
socioeconomic development. The lessons of international instruments and summits
such as the
Convention
on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAN) adopted
by the UN General Assembly in 1979, the Fourth World Conference on Women held
in Beijing in 1995, and the recent Beijing + 5 initiative, underscoring the
important of women education, have not been lost on policy makers and
stakeholders in Nigeria.
Apart
from investing in the formal education, the Federal Government of Nigeria has
made effort
in
adult and non-formal education towards addressing the education of women. As
aptly noted by Udeani (2004), investing in formal, adult and non-formal
education and training for girls and women, with its exceptionally high social
and economic return has proved to be one of the means of achieving sustainable
economic growth and development. According to her, women make up about 50% or
more of the population of any given nation. no country can therefore afford to
leave out this percentage in the essential process of formal education.
Moreover,
a review of related literature on women education and development has confirmed
the multiplying effect of women education on socioeconomic development in
unequivocal terms. Education can enhance the skills of women as workers create
self employment and promote their higher living standards. By enhancing skills
of .women, they become more orderly and more productive. By self employment,
girl and women entrepreneurs are encouraged to emerge in- the small and medium
scale enterprises, which are willing to take risks and invest in a volatile environment.
In this case, women are expected to engage in viable businesses and earn
incomes that will enable them to fetch higher incomes in the labour market.
Equality of access to and attainment of educational qualifications is necessary
if more women are to be entrepreneurs, receive high income and attend to high
echelon in organizations. In any case, educated women are able to enjoy good
standard of living and exercise grater 'voice' in decision making in the
family, the community, the work place and the society (Alele- Williams, 1986;
Orisanya-Olumuyiwa, 2000; Snyder, 2000 in Udeani, 2004). More critically,
through education, she acquires feeling of self worth and confidence required
for a public life (Enemuo, 2001). Besides, education is of a central importance
for occupational attainment, a critical component of socioeconomic status.
Several
research studies have been conducted on women education and its link to
socioeconomic development. More research is still needed in this area to
identify its link to the socioeconomic development of women professional jobs
or occupation. This present research study is set to assess the contribution of
education to socioeconomic development of women bankers where research studies
appear not to have been covered.
Education
has limited women to take active part in development. In societies, gender
roles have reduced women to the home front, preventing them from participating
in and benefiting from developmental efforts. This present research study
identifies education as a crucial factor that will help women to play their
role in nation's building. It is important to note that Nigeria ranks low in
development (UNDP, 1996). This is why Nigeria embarked on many educational
programme aimed at increasing girl child enrollment, retention and completion
at all levels of formal education and establishing programmes to promote
women's adult and non- formal education.
Furthermore,
seventeen years after embarking on many educational programmes in both formal
and adult education, it appears that there is low level of education that still
affects women to contribute to development. The vast majority of Nigeria is
mostly women is seemingly affected by high degree of poverty level which has
given rise to the pitiable condition of the Nigerian child in terms of health
and education. It is against this information that this present study seeks to
examine the link between women education and socioeconomic development.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Women
are not properly monetized and marketable. This is why their efforts are not
factored in the Gross National Product (GNP) computation (Enemuo, 2001). Low
level of education has been identified as one of the factors affecting women in
contributing to national development.
The high rate of illiteracy in Nigeria has made sizable number of women
to be unskilled, hence they to resort to low job (Adelakun, 2011) resulting to
income. As a result, they are not exercising their voice in decision making of
the family, the community and place of work. It was indicated on the Human
Development Index (2010) document that adult literacy rate of at least 65%
would be attained by 20 15. Therefore the strategy aimed at empowering the
women to acquire the skills and knowledge that would prepare them for the vast
challenges. In this vein, this study attempts to assess the role of women
education in socioeconomic development in Nigeria Nigeria. In doing so, some
selected women bankers in Assess bank, First bank, United Bank of Africa and
Wema bank located at the University of Lagos, Akoka were used by the researcher
to determine the contribution of education to their occupational attainment,
income generation, promotion and self worth.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The
main objective of this study is to assess the contribution of education to
socioeconomic development of women bankers. However, the specific objectives
are to:
1. Examine the relationship
between education and 'occupational attainment of women.
2. Assess the relationship
between' education and women earning high income in their professional jobs and
improved quality of life.
3. Examine the link between
education and women attainment of higher position in their communities and work
places.
4. Assess the relationship
between education and enhancing women self worth and personality.
1.4 Research Questions
The
questions that will guide this present study are:
1. Does education contribute to women
employment in high paying- jobs?
2. Do skilled women earn
better income and enjoy good standard of living than those who are not skilled?
3. Will education enhance the
capability of women bankers towards attaining important position in their
communities and place of work?
4. Is
education related to raising the self worth and confidence of women in their
public life?
1.5 The Hypotheses
The
hypotheses formulated for this study are:
1. There
will be no significant relationship between education and women securing well
paying jobs.
2. There
will be no significant relationship between low level of education and women
receiving high income and improved quality of life their low pay in the bank
3. There
will be no significant relationship between education and improving women
capability towards becoming managers in the bank
4. There
will be no significant relationship between education and improving the
socioeconomic development of women bankers.
1.6 Significance of the Study
This present study is
relevant in the true sense that it will help government to systematically and
coherently implement the established Beijing Platform for Action directed to
the fundamental changes in the situation of women. It will help educational
institutions or training centers to have better knowledge of gender sensitive.
This study will also increase the momentum for women education in Nigeria. In
other words, it will encourage government and stakeholders to increase
investment in formal and adult education since investment in education for
girls and women has been shown repeatedly to be one of the most important
determinants of development, with positive implications for all other measures
of progress this present study therefore indentifies and documents the present
linkage between women bankers and socioeconomic development since research
study in this area has been scanty. This study will help education planners and
policy makers to place more emphasis on literacy and primary education in order
to fight poverty. The society will have to benefit from this study because when
women are educated, it has positive externalities. This proposed study will
also contribute to the existing body of knowledge.
1. 7
Scope and Limitation of the Study
This research study assesses
the contribution of education to socioeconomic development of selected women
bankers in Lagos Mainland Local Government Area where research study seemed not
to have covered. This study will cover 60 male and 60 female bankers selected
from the Wema bank, Access bank, First bank and UBA branch located in the
University of Lagos, Akoka. This is because the researcher does not have enough
resources to conduct the study using all banks in the Lagos Mainland Local
Government Area.
1.8 Operational
Definition of terms
Empowerment: Raising one from naive to more critical
level of consciousness.
Socioeconomic: The individual wellbeing vis a vis their
level of income, education and their quality of life.
Development: The ability to make good use or resources
available to individual.
Education: Building a complete human being
Adult Education: Learning activities that is built
around the express of people from 18 years and above who are not attending
school on regular basis, or completers of compulsory education or other
learning that enhances their self worth throughout life time.
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