ABSTRACT
This research project tends to
examine the Provision of Public Amenities and Its Impact on Small Scale
Ventures in Nigeria
Survey
design was employed with the use of a well structured questionnaire.
Respondents were selected based on simple random sampling technique. Sample
size of Eighty Three (83) respondents were selected.
Two hypotheses were formulated and tested with the
use of Chi-Squre analysis. The analysis resulted to rejecting all null
hypotheses and hence accepting the two alternate hypotheses.
Based on
decisions of the tested hypotheses conclusions were reached that Small
scales are essential for national economic development growth; the quality .of
infrastructure in the country is good enough for optimal productivity of the
small scale enterprises. Relevant recommendations were proffered to small scale
ventures and the government.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
CHAPTER
ONE
1.1
Introduction
1.2
Problems
of the statement
1.3
Aims
and objectives of the study
1.4
Research
hypothesis
1.5
Scope
of study
1.6
Research
methodology
1.7
Plan
of the study
CHAPTER
TWO
Literature
and Theoretical Framework
2.1 Conceptual definitions
2.2 Characteristic of small scale industry
2.3 Small scale enterprises in Nigeria
2.4 Meaning of economic development
2.5 Role of small scale enterprises in economic development in
Nigeria
2.6 Problems of small scale enterprises in Nigeria
2.7 Overview of infrastructure in Nigeria
2.8 The road transport system
2.9 Water transport system
2.10 Railway transport system
2.10.1 Air transport system
2.10.2 Electricity
2.10.3 Water supply
2.10.4 Role of infrastructure in
economic development in Nigeria
2.10.5 Appraisal of the general
state of infrastructure
CHAPTER
THREE
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Research design
3.3 Method of data collection
3.4 Primary data
3.5 Secondary data
3.6 Instruments of data collection
3.7 Population of the study
3.8 Sample size and method of the study
3.9 Method of data analysis
3.10 Research hypothesis
CHAPTER
FOUR
Analysis
of Data
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Presentation of data analysis
4.3 Test of hypothesis
4.4 Interpretation of results
CHAPTER
FIVE
Summary,
Recommendation and Conclusion
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Summary
5.3 Recommendation
5.4 Conclusion
5.5 Limitation of the study
Reference
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Good and sufficient infrastructure
is a key stimulus to the development of small scale enterprises are catalysts
in the socio economic development of a country, which implies that
infrastructure impact on small scale enterprises in Nigeria manifold. These small
scale enterprises are a veritable vehicle for the achievement of natural macroeconomic
objectives in terms of employment generation, good source of raw materials for
big industrial complex, the development of entrepreneurial capabilities and
indigenous technology.
The catalytic role of small scale
enterprises has been made possible with the aid of adequate infrastructure.
Infrastructure is conceptually, perceived by social scientist from two interrelated
dimensions and these interrelated dimensions can also be called the
infrastructure sectors. The social services which include the provision of
education, information, town and country planning, health services and other
social welfare services in the society. Given their welfare related services,
their outputs are usually defined as the social services. Sun - sectors of the
entire infrastructural sector.
The economics infrastructure sub
sectors which is the main focus of this paper embraces a group of hard core
economic activities which related to the provisions of energy and power,
transformation (air, water, road and rail) services, water and communication
(telephone, telex, telegram and postal) services. By the nature of these
economics services, they are generally defined as a utility with their sub
sector is also known as the utilities sub sector of the infrastructure sector.
Adeyemo (1979), also sees physical
infrastructure as the totality of basic, physical facilities upon which all
others economics activities in the system, significantly depends.
Infrastructure services are central to the activities of household and economics
production. The development of infrastructure generally enhances welfare and
faster economic growth.
Major infrastructure failure
occasional by natural disasters or civil disturbances, such as destruction of
power stations, roads, and bridge and water supply, could radically reduce
communities quality of life and the productivity of the small scale enterprises
in Nigeria. Thus, providing infrastructural facilities to meet the demand of
business and households is one of the major challenges of economics development.
The abundance of evidences on the
poor state of infrastructure and it adverse effects on small- scale enterprises
in Nigeria brings to fore the rationale for this study. In particular, the
physical conditions of Nigeria's infrastructure, water supply, sanitations,
roads, electricity among other is generally poor. All types of infrastructure
suffer from a massive backlog of neglected rehabilitation and maintenance, not
to speak of investment needed to serve future growth.
For instance, most enterprises and
manufacturing establishment in Nigeria have been compelled by this worsening
situation to have its own electricity generators, which increase the production
cost of such enterprises. Actually, most small scale enterprises have been
grounded due to the poor condition of the available facilities. Most
importantly, more attention should be given to the rehabilitation and upgrading
of the existing infrastructure as it is expedient for the development of small
scale industries which also plays important roles like employment generation,
reducing poverty level, high contribution to the gross domestic products (GDP),
increasing local value added and technological development.
The main focus of this paper is to
analyze critically the various impacts of infrastructural facilities on small
scale industries and government effort at correcting the problems. Roles and
state of those infrastructures are also to be considered in relation for the
small scale enterprises,
1.2
PROBLEMS OF THE STATEMENT
Infrastructure has a very strong
influence on the development of small scale enterprises and it determines the
profitability and continuity of small scale enterprises.
The impact of infrastructural
facilities needs to be researched due to the problem small scale enterprises
encounter from a smooth running of them enterprises.
The poor state of infrastructure in
Nigeria has led to increase in the cost of production of small scale
enterprises,' and these problems rang from un-motorable roads, frequent power
outages, poor communication link, lack of water supply to mention a few.
Considering the issue of power
outage most enterprises in Nigeria have been compelled by this worsening
situation to have their own electricity generators, and even seek other source
of power supply thereby increasing their cost of production and any enterprises
that cannot afford other source of power supply eventually folds up. This is
one of the major problem being faced by small scale enterprises.
Another problem is that of the unmotorable
roads which hinder the growth of small scale enterprises, the bad state of
these roads increases transportation cost which also affect their turnover as
of increase their production cost.
Furthermore, information which is a
form of resources input for production is still very much elusive. This is
evident with the high cost of obtaining different means of communication such
as telephones, text message, telex to mention a few even with the advert of the
global system for mobile (G.S.M), adequate information is still not attainable
and this is attributed to the high cost of obtainable and even maintaining it.
Also, there is the problem of water
supply infact most enterprises dig boreholes to ensure their own private water
supply, which also increases their production cost. There are extra cost added
into small measures to total machinery and equipment budget of enterprises.
(The world bank, 1998).
In spite of the problems small
scale enterprises encounters from the above mentioned inadequate infrastructural
facilities, they are also faced with the problem of finance because it is an
important determinant of establishing any enterprises and this problem is
basically
Though, government has for a long
time been committed to small scale enterprises development which is evident
through the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) credit guideline on the minimum
credit commercial and merchant bank should lend to the small scale enterprises
but the banks are relevant to discussed below.
The problem of high mortality rate,
banks perceive small scale enterprises as high risk borrowed and are usually
unwilling to provide loans for them, the perception may not be informed as many
small scale enterprises lack financial integrity.
1.3
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
This study aims at examining a
number of factor, which are significantly for a visible small scale enterprises
that will promote and enhance the productivity of an economy. The specific
objectives of the study are:
i.
To analyze the roll of infrastructure at
enhancing capacity utilization in small scale enterprises in Nigeria.
ii.
To identify and enhance the various
factors that impedes the development of small scale enterprises, especially in
the area of finance and infrastructure facilities.
iii.
To offer suggestions and make
recommendations at enhancing the adequacy of infrastructural facilities in
improving the profitability of small scale enterprises in Nigeria.
1.4
RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
Hypothesis is a tentative statement
about an observed fact of a distribution. The respondent enables the researcher
to make valid conclusion.
The researcher either accepts or
rejects the hypothesis by testing for the validity or otherwise of the
hypothesis.
HYPOTHESIS
I
Null
Hypothesis: Small scales are not essential for
national economic development growth.
Alternative Hypothesis: Small
scales are essential for national economic development growth.
HYPOTHESIS
II
Null
Hypothesis: The quality of infrastructure in the country is
not good enough for optimal productivity of the small scale enterprises.
Alternative
Hypothesis (HI): The quality .of infrastructure in
the country is good enough for optimal productivity of the small scale
enterprises.
1.5
SCOPE OF STUDY
The study shall be based on
selected small scale enterprises in Nigeria precisely Lagos state where several
industrial activities takes place. The places selected are: Ijora, Ikeja,
Ilupeju and Oshodi area in Lagos state with their output infrastructure
relatively analyzed.
Due to the broad native of this
topic the research shall be based on key infrastructure such as electricity,
transportation (condition of the roads), telecommunication and water. The
restriction is due to the fact that cost of transportation and power supply
often constitute major input cost apart from raw materials. For production
process, communication is also a key aspect of infrastructure which should be
considered.
1.6
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The methodology to be adopted in
this research work will include, the gathering of data through primary source
by the use of questionnaire as well as personal interview.
The primary data will be gathered
by the researcher himself and this involves a systematic collection of
information from respondents for the purpose of understanding some aspect of
the behaviour of the population. The purpose of data would be through self -
administered questionnaire and oral interview with some private investors and
management staff of the selected small scale enterprises.
The secondary data shall also be of
great important and relevance to widen the source of data and this should be
through textbooks and journals. Methods of analysis to be adopted in this study
will be if chi-square analysis coupled with descriptive analysis
1.7
PLAN OF THE STUDY
The research study is divided into
five chapters.
Chapter
One:
This contains the general introduction of the research work, the identification
or problem statement, aim and objectives of the study, research hypothesis,
scope of the study and research methodology
Chapter
Two:
it deals with the literature review of the study, the theoretical framework and
also conceptual definitions.
Chapter
Three: This covers the research) methodology the research
design, method of data collection, production of the study, sources of data
collected among others.
Chapter
Four:
It deals with the analysis of data, presentation of data, testing of hypothesis
and the interpretation of result.
Chapter
Five:
Finally, chapter contains the summary of the findings, conclusion, and the
recommendations made, also with limitations of the study.
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