TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgment iv
Abstract v
Table of content iv-vi
CHAPTER
ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the study 1-4
1.2 Statement of the problem 4-7
1.3 Research Questions 7
1.4 Research Hypotheses 8
1.5 Purpose of the study 8-9
1.6 Significance of the study 9-10
1.7 Scope and Limitations of the study 10
1.8 Definition of Terms 11
CHAPTER
TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Theoretical Background of the study 12-15
2.2 Causes of Indiscipline in schools 15-18
2.3 Implication
of Truancy on Academic performance of students
18-20
2.4 The
role of counselling in Eradicating Truancy 21-25
2.5 Review
of Empirical Studies 25-33
2.6 Conceptual
Framework 33-40
2.7 Appraisal of the Literature Reviewed 40-46
CHAPTER
THREE: RESEARCH METHOD
1.1 Research Design 47
1.2 Population of the Study 48
1.3 Sample and Sampling Technique 48-49
1.4 Research Instruments 49-50
1.5 Validity and reliability of the
Instruments 50
1.6 Procedure for Data Collection 50-53
1.7 Method of Data Analysis 53
CHAPTER
FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
1.1 Hypothesis Testing and Discussion 54-65
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary of findings 66-68
5.2 Implication for the theory and Practice 68-73
5.3 Conclusion 73-77
5.4 Recommendations 77-79
Bibliography 80-83
Appendixes 84-93
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background to the Study
Truancy is one of the
disciplinary acts that is common in our secondary schools. It is not unusual to
see students roaming the street during school hours. This study is based on the
effects of truancy on academic students in Ogbomoso south in Oyo state. It is
important to note that truancy has negative effects on academic performance of
students.
A students who does not
attend lesson regularly and is not always in the class when other students are
being assessed will have himself to blame if he eventually fails. In view of
the disciplinary problems in Nigerian secondary schools, many investigations
have been carried out on the causes of truancy.
Truancy is a great
problem affecting the academic performance of students. In the new 6-3-3-4
education system, student’s performance in school may be affected if he does
not come to school regularly. These days, many students do not have positive
attitude to schooling such students are under-achievers.
Terry G, Thomas j. and
Blair et al (2014), they define truancy as a deliberate absence from school for
no medical or justifiable reason, with or without parental knowledge. A truant
is a pupils who just does not want to go to school and makes plans to do
something else. He may go fishing attend a movie or take a trip. If the
activities at school challenge him as much as those outside school, it is
certain that he would be no truant.
The pupils who is
successful in school, whose needs are being met is unhappy if events prevent
him from attending his classes. Teachers should consider truancy as a sign that
something is wrong with the school. When changes have been made in school
programmes truancy has been known to drop out prior to this time, truancy was
not so rampart in schools, but nowadays it has become noticeable. It is one of
the indiciplinary act affecting students academic performances in the west
African school certificate examination. It is a gradual process possibly from
the day a student enters school or in the course of his educational pursuit.
The bad effect it has on students is more than the enjoyment they derive from
it.
The influence of
truancy on academic performance of students can not be over-emphasized.
Students are assessed on a continuous basis. The academic assessment of a
student is based on his performance in class. If a student is not always
present when other are being assessed, and if he has no genuine reason for his
absence, no mark would be recorded for him and this will affect the over all
mark for such a student. Continual absence from school can affect a student’s
academic record-especially in the cumulative file and this may affect his
future career. This is because achievement-oriented people would strive towards
accomplishing better future goals in favour of the lesser goals of the present
time. A student who knows his future goal should not absent himself from school
without genuine reasons. Student who can discover their interests tend to
achieve more realistic goals than others who drift about with no interest in
what they do. A student who is a truant may not discover his interest on time and would find
it difficult reinforcing an interest he has not discovered.
In view of this fact
that he has no interest in coming to school, he would just be drifting about
like a ship without a ruder. The causes of truancy may be related to some
personality problems affecting individual truants. Some of the causes vary from
the home, school, society and personal traits of individual truants.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The objective of
secondary school education in Nigeria is to provide students with academic and vocational
skills as well as moral ethics but it is quite unfortunate that these
objectives have not been fully achieved due to the high level of students
involvement in truant behaviour.
In recent times,
truancy has become a regular habit among students. There are so many causes of
students poor academic performance in schools, some students put up non-chalant
attitude to academic work and no longer regard teachers as people representing
the authority. They prefer to roam the streets rather than face their work in
school. During school hours, they go out to watch inter-house sports
competition in other schools even when their schools are not invited, while
their co-students are learning in the school. The introduction of ‘exeat cards’
in schools has helped to curb this act a bit.
In 1977, general
Obansajo summoned a national conference of principals of secondary schools and
other schools of learning to deliberate on problems of indiscipline such as
stealing, smoking, playing truant, drug abuse examination leakages to mention a
few in the secondary schools.
The
conference/work-shop on school discipline was organized by the federal
government. The main objective of the conference was to defined the goals,
formulate the strategy and propose a machinery for instilling discipline in our
schools. At the end of this conference twenty-two vital recommendations were
made along with their policy implications and actions. Some of the
recommendations dealt with the need for research and the roles of people like
school psychologists, guidance counsellors and universities faculties of
education mainly to eradicate truancy.
In 1978, the military
government introduced the system of posting military personnel to school to
prevent students from indulging themselves in these learning and behaviour
problems.
The national policy on
education (2014) states that the secondary school should:
- equip students to live effectively in
our modern age of science and technology; develop and project Nigeria culture,
art and language as well as the world’s cultural heritage;
- Raise a generation of people who can
think for themselves, respect views and feelings of others, respect the dignity
of labour, and appreciate those values specified under our broad national aims
and live as good citizens.
A students who does not come to school regularly will not be able to
achieve these aims. All these aims would be of no importance to him and would
see no reason why he/she should work towards achieving the aims. On the long
run, he would be a liability to himself and to the nation.
Due
to these, the study aims at investigating truancy among secondary school
students in Ogbomoso south educational zone.
1.3
Research Questions
1. Why do students practice truancy in
secondary school?
2. What are the effects of truancy on the
academic performance of students in secondary school
3. What role can the parents, school and
environment play to prevent truancy in schools?
4. Suggest means and methods that could be
adopted to eradicate truancy in secondary schools.
1.4
Research Hypotheses
Based on the research
questions the following hypothesis will be verified.
i.
There
is no significant relationship between the attitude of truants and non-truants
to schooling
ii.
There
is no significant relationship between the academic performance of truants and
non-truants
iii.
There
is no significant relationship between the influence of gender on truants and
non – truants.
iv.
There
is no significant relationship between the parents of truants and non-truants
v.
There
is no significant relationship between influence of teachers on truants and
non-truants
1.5
Purpose
of the Study
The purpose of the study is to examine;
a. The effect of truancy on students
academic performance in secondary school. Schools where truancy prevail,
disobedient children are likely to face problems in their academic pursuit
which lead to laziness and stealing.
b. To examine the role which parents,
schools, society or community can play in order to prevent truancy.
c. To suggest means and methods that could
be adopted to eradicate this evil practice in secondary schools.
d. Examine the role of counsellor in
eradicating the rate of truancy among students.
1.6
Significance of the Study
The study will be of
great benefits to the parents in Ogbomoso South Local Government Area who would
know that they have a great part to play in making their children to develop
positive attitude to schooling and never to run away from school again.
Teachers would also gain from the study by knowing the causes of truancy and
how to find solutions to them in order to get the best out of their students.
It is hoped that this
study will also help the secondary school administration in Ogbomoso Local
Government Area to provide conducive environment good for learning by the
students so that they do not run away from school.
Also, it is expected to
help the Local government authorities to recognize the reasons or causes of
truancy among secondary school students. Lastly, counsellors, can also be used
in assisting truants to give up their act. To this effect, when truants are
identified, school counselors should ensure that they counsellos the students
so far identified as truants.
1.7
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This research is
designed to cover ogbomoso south Educational zone of Oyo state. The study
centres on Truancy among secondary school students, it is mainly limited to
public secondary school students in Ogbomoso south, educational zone of Oyo
State. We have nine public secondary schools in Ogbomos south this study will
be limited to three schools.
1. Baptist High school Ogbomoso
2. Ogbomoso high school
3. The Apostolic church Grammar school
Ogbomoso
1.8
Definition of Terms
TRUANCY: Deliberate absence from school
for no medical or justifiable reason with or without parental knowledge
SCHOOL DISCIPLINE: Externally imposed or
self generated control of conduct to ensure orderliness, social acceptability
and conformity to school regulations
PARENTAL VALUE SYSTEM: attitudes and
beliefs of parents in the social, educational moral, political and religious
spheres.
ACADEMIC: Teaching, Studying, of
schools, colleges etc, scholarly literary contrasted with technical or
scientific. And too much concerned with theory and logic, not sufficient
practical.
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