TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND
TO THE STUDY
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH
1.4
RESEARCH QUESTION
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
1.8 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
1.9 OPERATION DEFINING OF TERMS
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1
MEANING OF EDUCATIONAL SUPERVISION
2.2
THE CONCEPT OF EDUCATIONAL SUPERVISION
2.3
THE PURPOSE OF SUPERVISION
2.4
THE MODEL OF SUPERVISION
2.5
THE SCOPE OF EDUCATIONAL SUPERVISION
2.6 GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR EFFECTIVE
SUPERVISION
2.7 FACTOR
MILITATING AGAINST EFFECTIVE EDUCATIONAL SUPERVISION
2.8 APPRAISAL OF THE LITERATURE REVIEWED
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
AND DESIGN
3.1
INTRODUCTION
3.2
RESEARCH DESIGN
3.3
POPULATION OF THE STUDY
3.4
SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
3.5
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
3.6
VALIDITY OF THE INSTRUMENT
3.7
RELIABILITY OF THE INSTRUMENT
3.8
ADMINISTRATION OF THE INSTRUMENT
3.9
METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION,
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2
DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION OF THE
RESPONDENTS
4.3 DATA
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 SUMMARRY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
5.2 CONCLUSION
5.4 SUGGESTIONS
FOR FURTHER RESEARCH
REFERENCE
APPENDIX
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
TO THE STUDY
Teaching and learning activities of the
school. Supervision has been conceived as the improvement of teaching and
learning process for the ultimate benefit of the learner who is regarded as the
pivot of education. In the same vein, Supervision is essentially a leadership
function, a kind of superior subordinate relationship, where a leader or an
officer instructs, oversees and corrects subordinates in order to enhance
effective performance. Supervision is needed in effective and efficient school
activities, so that educators can really give their best in their various
duties posts and as well make extra ordinary contribution to brandishing
learners who will be capable of competing globally with their counterparts.
Adelakun (2005).
Supervision
of teacher is the means by which subordinate staff of the school are mobilized
and motivated towards the full attainment of the goals and objectives of the
school they serve. Supervision ensures that the right thing is done through
direction and monitoring of teacher activities in school. That is making checks
and balances to some specially assigned duties.
Key
(2000) defines Supervision in education as “that phrase of school
administration which focuses primarily on the achievement of education aims and
objectives. He further opines that supervision is an activity which involves
guiding refreshing, encouraging, improving and overseeing the teaching and
learning with the hope of asking that co-operation of the teachers in order for
the supervisor to be successful in his supervisory functions.
The
major goal of most nations of the world has been the achievement of educational
excellence. This is so, because education has been adjudged the key with any
nation could permanently close the door of poverty and ignorance, and
simultaneously open the door of prosperity in terms of economic buoyancy,
social advancement and civilization. Since education is accepted to be an
instrument of change alongside the element of growth, teachers are the
operators of the instrument while the students could be regarded as the raw
materials on which the changes would be manifested over a period of time.
However,
both the teacher and students’ input are quite important and relevant to the
school system, for they are the principal actors on stage. In the process of
teaching and learning, some extraneous variables sometimes interfere with the
plans and patterns of operation within the school, the teachers personality,
his attitude to work, motivation, discipline, student background and
environment which would individually or collectively have either positive or
negative effects on the school system and its end results.
The
process of supervision is complex and it pervades the whole structure of the
school system. There seems to be little or no area of operation within the
school where the need for supervision would not arise, but it may be in varying
degrees. Teachers have been accused of divided loyalty, non-chalant attitude
and indiscipline among the teacher and the students was also discovered. There
is a constant comparison of the past with the present, more especially when
government or voluntary agencies or school inspectors are compared with those
of today. Parents do complain about their children or ward’s inability to
communicate effectively in other languages apart from their mother tongue. With
this, they thought the school system is fast losing its glamour and
orientation, which is indirectly affecting the attainment of the national aims
of education. It is therefore very importance for these concerns to critically
look into the crucial areas within the school system that requires supervision,
these are the instructional and discipline areas, where both the content method
and mode of delivery and personality of both the student and the teachers are
examined to ensure their adequacy for the school system. Ajibade (1993).
In
teaching and learning situation, the materials to be transformed are the
children. The people involved in the process of transforming the child in the
school are the most appropriate academically qualified personnel’s being
appointed to involve in this channel. Well qualified masters are also made head
of department in school to co-ordinate the work of the teachers involved in the
teaching of their various special subjects.
The
secondary schools system in Ogun State has under gone series of changes in
administration these was a period when the secondary schools were been managed
under the voluntary agencies like the Baptist, Roman Catholic, Private Owners
and others together with the Local Education Authority. During those day’s
principals of secondary schools were chosen by the administrative assistance of
various agencies and the local education officer. At this period of time no
university agreed rules and policy exists is such voluntary agency has her own
criteria. The principal at that time worked in close relation with the
administrative assistance in the running of the secondary school since the
quality of an educational system of a country depends to a large extent on the
qualities of the leaders, thus the opportunity open to principals in
participating in the teaching and learning format of the school was in adequate
as it did not allow for principals initiatives. The principal plays an
important role in determines the kind of human being those students under his
control will be later in the adult life. Therefore, it is advisable for the
principal to know those qualities that are expected of him.
Effective
supervision of the school ensure proper function and mutual interaction of both
human and non-human resources involved in the processing of the child and
harmonize the efforts of all designated school personnel. The adverse effects
of supervision may lead to a situation instead of being objective, he will be
subjective and this supervision may lead to a situation whereby both the
principal and the teachers put in their very best in order to satisfy the
supervisor, after which they withdraw their efforts at the end of supervision.
This leads to a kind of eye service performance in the school.
Regular
and through inspection of secondary school will meet the challenge posed by the
rapidly changing school curriculum. It will also prevent the inculcation of
poor curriculum into the mind of the student which if allowed to be taught
would lead to the promotion of “half naked” school leavers and instead turning
out productive student they will graduate to be liabilities to themselves In
particular and to the society in general, therefore make the aims and purpose
of education to be defeated. How best to get the optimum out of the school
system in face of declining input has been a major problem facing the school
system. How best to make both the learner and the teacher productive has also
been the source of anxiety within and outside the school system. Generally, how
to make the school system responsive to the need of the society individually
and collectively has been a major concern for all the citizenry.
However,
when all resource are in place, the need to monitor the operation within the
school system and by making use of the materials or resource effectively so as
to get the best out of the school system. Hence, teaching and learning are the
major activities going on in the school; therefore, there is a need for
efficiency and effectiveness.
This study is therefore carried out to
investigate the effect of principal’s role supervision on teachers’
effectiveness in some secondary school in Water side Local Government Area of
Ogun State.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The study is borne out
of the teachers’ ineffective teaching performance observed recently in
Secondary schools, where teachers do what they like. It is assumed that the
achievement of any student may be an indication of the teachers’ effectiveness
in teaching. The main problem of this study is to find out the supervisory role
played by principals on teachers’ teaching effectiveness? How effective is the
supervisory role of the ministry of education on the secondary school. And how
teachers of all these selected secondary schools performing their job.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH
The Purpose of this
study is to determine the effects of supervision on teachers towards the
effective performance in teaching-learning situation. It has been realized that
one of the most paramount factors that can hinder that student’s academic
performance in school is in the effectiveness of any given teacher toward
students learning abilities.
To determine teacher whether teachers’
supervision activities have contributed to their effectiveness in school, it is
also necessary to look into teachers’ supervisory role and its outcome. The
study is also aimed at detecting how this supervision of teacher would be in
continuous form so as to bring about improvement in the school activities
especially in secondary schools.
1.4 RESEARCH
QUESTION
Attention
will be taken and given adequately on the following question
•
How do we determine effectiveness of
teaching as regards the teaching and learning process?
•
What are the roles of supervision
operating in some secondary school?
•
How can we promote effectiveness in
teachers’ performance?
•
What are the factors militating against
teachers performance during teaching and learning exercise.
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
In the study, the following null hypotheses will be
tested:-
Ho 1: There
is no significant relationship between Principals’ supervisory
roles
and teachers teaching effectiveness in secondary schools in Ogun waterside
Local Government Area of Ogun State.
Ho 2:
There is no significant relationship between Principals’ supervisory
roles and the quality of educational outcomes in
secondary school education in Ogun
waterside Local Government of Ogun state.
Ho 3:
There is no significant relationship between Principals’ delegations of
supervisory
roles and teachers responses to class activities in secondary schools in Ogun
waterside Local Government Area of Ogun State.
Ho 4:
There is no significant difference in supervisory roles performed by
school
Principals and Ministry of Education in Ogun waterside Local Government Areas
of Ogun State.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study would
provide useful information to the government, educational agencies and school
administrators. The finding would further reveal the important and the effects
of supervision on teachers’ effectiveness.
Secondary school
education in Nigeria is growing rapidly in number and population in recent
times. The increase in number and population of secondary schools has led to an
increase in demand for qualified and unqualified teachers in the schools.
Finally, the study
might help in revitalizing the issue of falling standard of education as a
result of poor administration while it demands proper organization and
planning. Thereby making the society to benefit from the study and also help in
making effective use of human and materials resource that are available to the
schools in the society.
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope for this
study comprised of some selected public secondary schools in Ogun waterside
Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. Both the teachers and the
principals of these selected schools form the target population for this study.
1.8 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
This study is limited
to some secondary schools teachers and principals in Ogun waterside Local
Government Area of Ogun State. In a research of this nature, one must anticipate
some difficulties to arise particularly in the process of gathering necessary
data for the study.
Some of these problems may include:-
·
Lack of recognition by teacher about the
importance of this research study.
·
Some of them might think of implicating
themselves by filling the questionnaires.
·
Collection of the questionnaire might
also pose problem because the teachers might misplace them and another set
might need to be distributed.
·
Time and financial constrained might
also hinder adequate research on the topic of the study.
1.9 OPERATION DEFINING OF TERMS
It is important to
state the operational definitions of the concepts used or the term used in the
study. The term includes:
INVESTIGATION:
The act of making enquiry into a particular study at hand. That is, going very
deep into a subject matter.
SUPERVISION:
This is to see that the right thing is done through directing and proper
monitoring. This means acting as a check and balances to some specially
assigned duties.
TEACHER:
Someone who makes other people learn what they may not have known. A teacher is
someone whose job is to impact knowledge to others.
EFFECTIVENESS:
Result produced due to an action taken on the long run, which is interesting
enough to be noticed.
PERFORMANCE:
Action seen, noticed or felt due to its effects on other people.
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