PSYCHO-SOCIAL IMPACTS OF COVID-19 ON THE EDUCATIONAL STATUS OF STUDENT NURSES AND MIDWIVES

Title page-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ii

Certification--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------iii

Abstract--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------iv

Dedication------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------v

Acknowledgement---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------vi

Table of content-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------vii

1:1 Background of the study--------

1:2 Statement of problem--------

1:3 Research Questions--------

1:4 Objectives of the study--------

1:5 Significance of the study--------

1:6 Scope of the study---------

1:7 Operational definition of terms-------

2:1Concept of COVID-19........ ..... ..... ...... ... .

2.1.1 Impacts if covid 19 on the Nigerian education system ..............................,.....................

2.1.2 Impacts on education: Schools................................

2.1.3 Managing cororna virus pandemic in Nigerian Education system................

2.1.4 Covid19 pandemic psychology............

2.1.5 Psychological impact of covid 19......

2.1.6 psychological effect of covid 19 on health care staff..........

2.1.7 Covid 19 on Education reflections.......................

2.1.8 Positive and negative impacts of covid 19 on Education............

2.2 Theoretical framework.........................................................................

2.3 Empirical studies.................................................................................

2.4 Summary of literature review.....  ................................................

3.1 Research design............,....................................................................

3.2 Setting..................................................................................................

3.3 Target population................................................................................

3.4 Sample size........ ...................... ..........................................................

3.5 sample technique................................................................................

3.6 Instrument for data collection................................... ........................

3.7 Validity of instrument.........................................................................

3.8 Reliability of instrument..................................................................... 

3.9 Method of data collection...................................................................

3.10 Method of data analysis............. ........................

3.11 Ethical consideration.

Data presentation and Analysis (Result)._________________________________

5.1 Discussionoffindings_______________________________________________

5.2 ImplicationsforNursing.____________________________________________

5.3 Summary of the study.______________________________________________

5.4 Conclusion.________________________________________________________

5.5 Recommendation for further studies._______________________________

 

From the first cases of Covid-19 in February 2020, the disease has spread throughout the continent, with Lagos and Abuja being the worst-hit states in Nigeria. Numbers are increasing in many countries. Most though, moved swiftly to respond to the pandemic with widespread school closure at an early stage. Although the virus is recognized as a significant challenge for their countries, and in particular for education, 50% of respondents think that the current situation represents a significant or very significant opportunity. There is a widespread recognition that technology will play an important role in the future of education in Nigeria, and the virus provides a ‘wakeup call’ to grapple seriously with this future. Nigerian education sectors are diverse and so too are their challenges. Tertiary education has different challenges to school education, as do private to public, and urban to rural provision. While the issues may differ between countries, there is one important commonality: the scale of the issues is different at different education levels. The COVID-19 crisis and the unparalleled education disruption is far from over.  The education disruption has had, and will continue to have, substantial effects beyond education. Closures of educational institutions hamper the provision of essential services to children and communities. 

The COVID-19 pandemic has created the largest disruption of education systems in history and has brought about psych-social effect to most students world over, affecting nearly 1.6 billion learners in more than 190 countries and all continents. Closures of schools and other learning spaces have impacted 94 per cent of theworld’s student population, up to 99 per centin low and lower-middle income countries.The crisis is exacerbating pre-existing education disparities by reducing the opportunitiesfor many of the most vulnerable children, youth,and adults – those living in poor or rural areas,girls, refugees, persons with disabilities andforcibly displaced persons – to continue their learning. Learning losses also threaten to extend beyond this generation and erase decades of progress, not least in support of girls and young women’s educational access and retention. Some 23.8 million additional children and youth (from pre-primary to tertiary) may dropout or not have access to school next year due to the pandemic’s and also due to some psych-social effect that they are exposed to. The shock of the COVID-19 crisis on education has been unprecedented. It has set the clock back on the attainment of international education goals, and disproportionately affected the poorer and most vulnerable. And yet, the education community has proved resilient, laying a ground work for the rebound.

According to Yang and Liu (2020), it can be said that midwives and nurses in training in Nigeria have intense psycho- social effects and sometimes have difficulty in coping due to the ambiguous COVID-19 pandemic that causes anxiety all over the world, because of the unknown aspects of the virus And what they might face when been attached to hospitals for community posting. It is necessary to protect health workers in training, to take infection protection measures against the COVID-19 epidemic, and to implement special interventions immediately, especially for those in the risk group. Educational institution are expected to adopt a unique curriculum that will make this nurses and mid-wives in training to understand and know what is expected of them in this time of need.  A secure fast information network, ready and appropriate continuing education, easy access to protective equipment and psychological support can help reduce negative psychological effects on nurses and midwives. In addition to these practical measures, it may be useful to establish an ongoing mental health monitoring program for health professionals.

In addition, it is possible that the educational status of nurses and midwives working in the epidemic to experience problems in their family and social life due to the fear of infecting. Uncertainty about when the outbreak will end raises negative emotions. An individual's level of intolerance to uncertainty and anxiety and concern levels were found to be related (Anderson et al., 2012; Dugas, Schwartz, & Francis, 2004). It is thought that the increase in the level of anxiety and intolerance of uncertainty during the epidemic may lead to many psychological problems in nurses and midwives.COVID-19 information from social media and the rise in confirmed cases in Nigeria raised aggravated the experience of post-traumatic stress symptoms among students due to the closure of schools and most students never knew what the future held for them and also if they will ever graduate from school. There is significant difference between male and female psychological distress experienced by students during the COVID-19 pandemic. One of the basic defense mechanisms for survival adapted by animals is fear. However, when fear becomes long-standing and out of proportion it can lead to mental health issues (Ornell, F. Schuch, J.B. Sordi, A. O. & Kessler, F. (2020).

There is no assurance that all the learners who left the school will be back in school the pandemic lockdown; some mayhave change their lives’ view seeing going to school as a waste of time, some mayhave died, some will change school, some may have join bad groups shifting their

attention away from school. Etc. this is where the work of parents and guidanceshould come in to ensure the proper welfare of learners even while they stayed backhome. Unfortunately learning within the homes are as well limited looking at theliteracy level of some parents in Nigeria; not every parent could handle well thepedagogy aspect of parenthood and besides other commitments of parents are to beconsidered. The effect of this may not be easily noticed now; the future of a child in this category is naturally exposed to a serious academic crash if there are no proper (Adelakun, 2020).

Aliko Dangote college of Nursing Sciences s usually have a normal classroom teaching and learning over the years, not until the emergence of the pandemic virus Covid- 19 virus that has affected every gathering including teaching and learning and other physical contact and academic activities.

The pandemic has unmasked substantial inequities in the education sector. Private and non-governmental sectors are tirelessly working to salvage this situation. However, one major issue that may stem from this inequality is that these students who currently cannot keep up with their peers because of inaccessibility to digital tools may never catch up and will continue to feel the effect of this gap long after the pandemic is over. This may result in a severely diminishing pool of young adults who have not garnered the necessary skills to stay ahead in the future. With Nigeria already behind in preparing its young people for the workplace of the future, the effects of the pandemic further exacerbate this issue.

During the period of the pandemic that lasted for about 12 months have affected social gathering among students diminishing student learning from direct to e- tutor while some colleges of Nursing and other citadels of learning that have no strong ICT for online teaching thus, this has affected students’ performance in diverse capacitation. For example,some students learn fast from teachers when taught physically while others learn through their fellow counterparts/ students but the pandemic has affected this interactions causing serious setback on student calendar and period of graduation, this has also added to their stress, anxiety and emotional detainment which has directly affected their curriculum too because the teaching and learning mode have to change to learning from afar or distance by been online or been dispersedly seated, using facemask affecting much normal pronouncements of words from both tutors and fellow students. Thus, this has affected the students psycho- socially.

For this study, the following research questions were developed. 

The objectives of the study are:

The study highlights the E- Learning alternatives to be used in reaching out to the learners in the period of lockdown.

The study highlights ways Educational TV and radio are important technologies for sustaining learning for students at all levels, during the pandemics. 

The study highlights ways to Strengthening the resilience of education systems enables

countries to respond to the immediate challenges of safely reopening schools and positions them to better cope with future crises.

Therefore it is advisable for Aliko Dangote College of Nursing Sciences and federal ministry of education to employ experts in the area of ICT to further introduce programs that will enhance the productivity of the education sector in order to compete with the outside world even in the period ofglobal pandemic lockdown.  

The research work is targeting student nurses and midwives of Aliko Dangote college of Nursing Sciences Bauchi,Bauchi  state.

The research work is limited to them because they fall within the target and focused group as the pandemic has affected their academic performance during the pandemic period from March to November 2020.

PSYCO- SOCIAL: is a term used to describe the influence of social factors on an individual's mind or behavior.

IMPACT: to have a strong effect on someone or something.

EDUCATION: Is the process of impacting or acquiring general knowledge, developing the powers of reasoning and judgment and generally preparing oneself or others intellectually for mature life.

STATUS: Is the situation at a particular time during a process.

COVID-19: Corona virus disease 2019( COVID-19) is defined as an illness caused by a novel Corona virus now called severe acute respiratory syndrome which was first identified amid an outbreak of respiratory illness. It is also contagious.

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