LOW COST FM SIGNAL BOOSTER

ABSTRACT

The early transmitter for radio broadcasting is so big and bulky that they do occupy numerous spaces. The circuitry are mainly designed with valves, which are big in sizes. With the advent of semiconductor materials such as transistors electronic equipment are now becoming miniaturized such that small transmitters are now becoming handy and compact. In line with this we choose to design a simple low cost FM booster that is compact and existence of semiconductor materials. An antenna amplifier boosts a radio signal considerably for devices that receive radio waves. Many devices have an RF amplifier stage in their circuitry, that amplifies the antenna signal. The received signal is usually very low in amplitude and is not enough for the receiver circuitry, hence the signal booster. In this project, we discuss a FM booster that can be used to listen to programs from distant FM stations clearly.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Cover page

Title page    -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        i

Certification         -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        ii

Dedication  -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        iii

Acknowledgement         -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        iv

Abstract      -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        v

Table of content   -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        vi

Chapter One
1.0    Introduction:         -        -        -        -        -        -        -        1
1.1    Background of the Study:        -        -        -        -        -        -        1
1.2    Statement of the Problem:        -        -        -        -        -        5
1.3    Objective of the Study:   -        -        -        -        -        -        6
1.4    Significance of the Study:        -        -        -        -        -        -        6
1.5    Scope of the Study:        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        6
Chapter Two
2.1 Literature Review:   -        -        -        -        -        -        -        7

2.2 Fm Transmitter Background       -        -        -        -        -        7

2.3. Component Of Fm Signal Booster      -        -        -        -        8

2.4     Transformer         -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        9

2.5     Capacitor    -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        11

2.6     Transistor   -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        13

2.7     Diodes        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        15

2.10   Resistor      -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        16

2.11   Bridge Rectifier    -        -        -        -        -        -        -        19

Chapter Three
3.1 Methodology:          -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        21

3.2 Amplifier Explanations     -        -        -        -        -        -        22

Chapter Four

4.1 Conclusion     -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        24     

References:

CHAPTER ONE

1.0. GENERAL INTRODUCTION

1.1. AN OVER VIEW OF MODULATION:

In communication engineering, modulation is a very important process. FM transmission is therefore not possible without modulation and this process of modulation is achieved through the use of transmitter

Here, modulation is seen as the process of combining the low – frequency signal with a very high – frequency radio wave called carrier wave and the resultant wave produced is called modulated wave.

          THE NEED FOR MODULATION:

Sometimes, beginners question the necessity of modulation i.e. using a carrier wave to the low frequency signal from one place to another. Why not transmit the signal directly and save lot of botheration? Unfortunately, there are four main hurdles in the process of such direct transmission of radio frequency signals

I.                   They have relatively short range.

II.                 If everybody started transmitting these low frequency signals directly, mutual interference will render all of them ineffective.

III.              Size of antenna required for their efficient radiation will be too large.

IV.            The strength of the signal will drop as the distance increases which will require signal booster at the receiving end for clear reception.

TYPES OF MODULATION:

There are three types of modulation, these includes;

I. AMPLITUDE MODULATION: Here, the information or AF signal changes the amplitude of the carrier wave without changing its frequency phase.

II. FREQUENCY MODULATION:          In these case, the information signal changes the frequency of the carrier wave without changing the amplitude or phase.

III. PHASE MODULATION: Here the information signals changes the phase of the carrier wave without changing other two parameters.

1.2. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY:

The main aim of this seminar is to construct an low cost FM booster that can be used to amplify weak signal.

First, what is a Signal?

 Conveying information by some means such as gestures, sounds, actions, etc., can be termed as signaling. Hence, a signal can be a source of energy which transmits some information. This signal helps to establish communication between a sender and a receiver. An electrical impulse or an electromagnetic wave which travels a distance to convey a message can be termed as a signal in communication systems. Depending on their characteristics, signals are mainly classified into two types: Analog and Digital. Analog and Digital signals are further classified, as shown in the following figure.

Analog Signal

A continuous time varying signal, which represents a time varying quantity can be termed as an Analog Signal. This signal keeps on varying with respect to time, according to the instantaneous values of the quantity, which represents it.

The communication based on analog signals and analog values is called as Analog Communication.

Digital Signal

A signal which is discrete in nature or which is non-continuous in form can be termed as a Digital signal. This signal has individual values, denoted separately, which are not based on the previous values, as if they are derived at that particular instant of time.

These values can be considered individually and separately or discretely, hence they are called as discrete values. The binary digits which has only 1s and 0s are mostly termed as digital values. Hence, the signals which represent 1s and 0s are also called as digital signals. The communication based on digital signals and digital values is called as Digital Communication.

Everyday of our work and in our free time, we come in contact with and used a variety of modern communication system and communication media, the most common being the telephone, radio, television and internet. Through these media, we are able to communicate with people in different continent and transact our daily business and received information about various development and events of note and that occurs all around the world. The signals transmitted needs high fidelity for proper transmission. Poor reception is often frustrating and leads to improper communication or misinformation.

The main purpose of any radio communication system is to transmit intelligence from one point or place to another. Communication may be unidirectional as in the case of sound and television broadcasting or it may be bidirectional with most radio television system. At the transmitting of the system, the signal must modulate a suitable carrier frequency spectrum and then be amplified to the necessary transmitter power level. A good antenna and a signal booster circuit might often be needed to strengthen the signal for perfect transmission.

1.3. STATEMENT OF PROBLEM:

Frequency modulation transmitter is one of the basic equipment required in telecommunication laboratories.

Sometimes, the transmitted signal might become weak as a result of distance between the source transmitter and the destination. It can be extremely frustrating when static or bad reception occurs. Very often, FM radios have poor reception because either their antenna is an inadequate size for the station you are trying to reach or something is obstructing the signal.

To counteract these sources of static and poor reception, low cost FM booster can be constructed. This simple antenna accessory can give access to a wider range of radio stations, as well as improve the quality of their sound.

1.4    Objective of the Study:

An antenna amplifier boosts a radio signal considerably for devices that receive radio waves. Many devices have an RF amplifier stage in their circuitry that amplifies the antenna signal. The received signal is usually very low in amplitude and is not enough for the receiver circuitry.

The aims and objective of this study is to analyze and design FM signal booster that can be used to listen to programs from distant FM stations clearly.

1.5    Significance of the Study:

The project will be very useful in the areas where signal reception is required. The cost of ready made booster is low but it is even more cost effective to design a home made FM booster.

Furthermore, it is a good practice to experiment once technical proficiency, hence an improvement in technical competence is accomplished to design an effective FM signal booster.

1.6    Scope of the Study:

To design FM signal booster which can clearly eliminate the frustration of receiving poor signal from any source within the operational frequency. This research can be used to any signal as long as it is frequency modulated signal

Buyers has the right to create dispute within seven (7) days of purchase for 100% refund request when you experience issue with the file received. 

Dispute can only be created when you receive a corrupt file, a wrong file or irregularities in the table of contents and content of the file you received. 

ProjectShelve.com shall either provide the appropriate file within 48hrs or send refund excluding your bank transaction charges. Term and Conditions are applied.

Buyers are expected to confirm that the material you are paying for is available on our website ProjectShelve.com and you have selected the right material, you have also gone through the preliminary pages and it interests you before payment. DO NOT MAKE BANK PAYMENT IF YOUR TOPIC IS NOT ON THE WEBSITE.

In case of payment for a material not available on ProjectShelve.com, the management of ProjectShelve.com has the right to keep your money until you send a topic that is available on our website within 48 hours.

You cannot change topic after receiving material of the topic you ordered and paid for.