ABSTRACT
The solid base of this
project is the effect of street trading on traffic performance and controls: a
case study of Offa Town particularly, Owode Market and Oloffa Way.
It
comprises of five chapters in which each of the chapters analyzed the view of
the project. Chapter one deals with the introduction of the project, the causes
and the short comings of street trading, the aim and objectives, statement of
the problem, justification, scope of the study and description of the study
area. Also include in this chapter the methodology, that is, the methods
employed to acquired information and data, Chapter two based on the literature
review of the project, the causes and effect of obstruction of traffic flow,
which is the effect of parking, street trading and delay on traffic
performance, the description of the project areas, past effort made on the
problem. Chapter three, this deals with the collection of data, the studies of
the behavior of the parties involved, that is, the traders, drivers and
pedestrians. Also included the opinions gathered through the questionnaires.
Chapter four is totally based on the analysis and designs of data collected. Chapter
five presents the conclusion and recommendation suggested for the problems.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title
page i
Certification
ii
Dedication
iii
Acknowledgement
iv
Abstract v
Table of
content vi
List of
figures
List of
tables
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction 1
Statement
of the problem 2
Aim and
objectives 2
Justification
3
Scope 3
Project
area description 3
Description
of study area 3
Methodology
3
Primary
source 4
Secondary
source 4
Presentation
of report 4
CHAPTER TWO
Literature
6
Some
definition related to traffic engineering 7
Causes
of street trading and their short coming 8
Past
efforts made on the control of street trading 8
Causes
of street trading 8
Short
coming of street trading 9
Causes
and effects of obstruction of traffic flow 10
Effect
of parking on traffic flow 10
Effect
of street trading on traffic performance 11
Effect
of delay on traffic flow 12
CHAPTER THREE
Date
collection 13
Questionnaires
14
Drivers’
characteristic and view 14
Pedestrians’
characteristics and views 14
Traffic wardens’ characteristics and views 15
Street
traders’ characteristics and views 15
Pedestrians’
movement studies 16
Traffic
volume data 28
Speed
data 34
Traffic
delay data 41
Roadway
capacity 48
CHAPTER FOUR
Data
analysis 49
Spot
speed analysis 50
Traffic
delay analysis 58
Roadway
capacity analysis 63
Road
width analysis 64
CHAPTER FIVE
Conclusion
and recommendation 66
Conclusion
66
Recommendation
67
References
69
Appendix
A: Questionnaires for traffic wardens 70
Appendix
B: Questionnaires for Pedestrian 71
Appendix
C: Questionnaires for Drivers 72
LIST OF PLATE
Plate
3.1:-A, B Owode Market Area 17
Plate
3.2:-A, B street trading at Popo road 18
Plate
3.4:-A, B street trading at Oloffa Way
19
Plate
3.5:- A, B Street trading at GTBank Area 20
LIST OF TABLE
Table 3.1.-3.14: Average Journey Time For Pedestrian 21-28
Table 3.2.1-3.2.12: Traffic Volume Studies 29-34
Table 3.3.1-3.3.6: Spot Speed Studies 35-40
Table 3.4.1-3.4.6: Traffic Delay Studies 42-47
Table 4.1-4.6:
Spot Speed Data Analysis 49-58
Table 3.5.1-3.5.5: Delay Data Analysis 59-63
Table 4.1:
Road Capacity Analysis 64
Table 4.5.1-4.1.2: Road Width Analysis 65
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
Traffic performance under normal flow is affected by many
conditions which include delay, when the traffic is impeded by some external
factors, traffic demands on the capacity for the road, weather, Peak and off
Peak period factor. +
With these conditions, it is mostly
or usually a great problem for a smooth flow of traffic or traffic performance,
because delay which is being caused by other vehicles on the road constitutes
traffic congestion on its own. So, also is the problem of traffic, because with
a bad weather like, hay, rainfall etc. Traffic is bound to be slow and also
constituting to traffic congestion. The peak and off peak factor influences
traffic flow, usually high at peak periods, because demand increases and
becoming normalized at off peak periods, most especially the major roads. There
is also, the problem of street trading which contribute to the problems of
traffic performance (congestion).
Street trading means selling,
exposing or offering for sale of any article on a street.
Also, street trading is an
unauthorized act of carrying out trading activities on the open street, display
stand, selling or offering of goods or any kind of services whatsoever,
operating both sales and market stall that encroached on any public road.
According to Cross J., (2000) (052 Glo.Adv. Res.J.Manager. Bus.stud)
“Street”
includes any road, footway or other area to which the public has access without
payment.
Through street trading, a long
established element of the populace was been repressed before, by harassment
and prosecution by law enforcement agents, but of recent, it has flourished as
it is allowed to operate, which is closely linked or connected to the process
of urbanization and the unstable economic situation, used to be in a specified
format in the olden days with the traders coming to the urban areas to sell
their farm product from the rural areas on stipulated days. But, these days,
the traders had established themselves around the key transportation modes and
other sides of economics and social activities.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Street trading has impeded easy movement and deteriorates traffic
performance. This trading and other activity has led to a drastic reduction in
the design width for traffic movement which is causing unprecedented traffic
congestion on our roads. Besides this effect, other areas affected were assessed.
1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES
Aim of this project is to explore
effect of street trading on traffic performance and controls: a case study of
Offa Town.
Objectives
of this project are:
1)
Inventory of traders and
trading in Owode market area of Offa Town, Kwara State.
2)
Inventory of traders and
trading along Oloffa Way, Offa, Kwara State
3)
To evaluate the effects of
the street traders on traffic movement
4)
To increase the pedestrians
safety within the study areas.
5)
Once those above listed aim
and objectives can be achieved, there will be ease on traffic performance.
1.4 JUSTIFICATION
The justification of this project is
to explore the effect of street trading on traffic performance and finding
possible remedies to decrease its effects to barest minimum in Offa Town.
1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This project studies the effect of street trading on traffic
performance: a case study of Offa Town, particularly Owode Market Area and
Oloffa Way.
Owode Market, being the point of
affected area due to high volume of the traffic coming to the region and
influences of traders trading within the axis.
1.6 DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA
Offa Town is an ancient town and
Headquarters of Offa Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria. It is the
second largest Town in the State, Offa is located in central Nigeria with
geographic coordinates of 80 90N 40 43E.
1.7 METHODOLOGY
An inventory study of the road user
consideration was done during which the effect of street trading was observed.
Also the driver, pedestrians and commuter behavior to the problems were
observed.
And causes of delay apart from street
trading were not over looked, since street trading is not the only cause of
traffic congestion.
Data were also collected; such data
include the volume of traffic and the speed of vehicles at the areas under the
case study.
The method employed can be divided
into two categories, these are:
PRIMARY SOURCE
This consist of the information
collected from site during feasibility studies of the areas affected and also,
through interview at both locations by interviewing the drivers, traders,
commuters and pedestrians. Some data were collected.
SECONDARY SOURCE
This comprises of information obtained
through the questionnaires distributed among the different parties involved and
these included the drivers, pedestrians, traffic whom are the division of the
Nigeria police force whom are supposed to be controlling the flows of traffic
in the affected areas. The purpose of this is to obtain the opinion of the
parties involved and their views on how the problem could be solved. Also
included the plate (pictures) of the affected areas
1.8 PRESENTATION OF REPORT
The solid base of this project is the effect of street trading on
traffic performance and controls: a case study of Offa Town particularly, Owode
Market and Olaffa Way.
It comprises of five chapters in
which each of the chapters analyzed the view of the project.
Chapter one deals with the
introduction of the project, the causes and the short comings of street
trading, the aim and objectives, statement of the problem, justification, scope
of the study and description of the study area. Also include in this chapter
the methodology, that is, the methods employed to acquired information and
data.
Chapter two based on the literature
review of the project, the causes and effect of obstruction of traffic flow,
which is the effect of parking, street trading and delay on traffic
performance, the description of the project areas, past effort made on the problem.
The
chapter also included the definition of some related term to traffic.
Chapter three, this deals with the
collection of data, the studies of the behavior of the parties involved, that
is, the traders, drivers and pedestrians. Also included the opinions gathered
through the questionnaires.
Chapter four is totally based on the
analysis and designs of data collected.
Chapter five presents the conclusion
and recommendation suggested for the problems.
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