ABSTRACT
The aim of the study was to analyse the impact of social media on student’s academic performance. A survey research design was used. The population comprises number of HND year 2 students drawn from the three department of college science and technology of Jigawa State Polytechnic Dutse using the simple random sampling technique. Five research questions guided the study. Research findings showed that a great number of students in Dutse Polytechnic had access to the internet. This is to create a balance between social networking and academic activities of students to avoid setbacks in the academic performance of the students. The effect depends on the ability of the students to make judicious use of the positive impact as a result of the frequent used of the social media. In conclusion, social media has negative impact on the academic performance of students of the College Of Science and Technology. It is recommended that, social networking sites should be expanded and new pages should be created to enhance academic activities to avoid setbacks in the students’ academic performance, there should also be a decrease in the number of time spent by students when surfing the net I order to have maximum concentration needed for studies.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Approval Page - - - - - - - - - -ii
Declaration - - - - - - - - - - -iii
Dedication - - - - - - - - - - -iv
Acknowledgement - - - - - - - - - -v
Table of
Contents - - - - - - - - - -vi
Abstract - - - - - - - - - - -viii
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction - - - - - - - - - -1
1.2
Types/classes of social media - - - - - - - -3
1.3 Merits
and Demerits of Social Media - - - - - - -4
1.4 Historical Background of the Case Study - - - - - - -6
1.5 Statement
of the Research Problem - - - - - - -7
1.6 Aim
and Objectives of the study- - - - - - - - -7
1.7 Statement
of Hypothesis - - - - - - - - -8
1.8
Significance of the Study - - - - - - - - -8
1.9 Scope of the Study - - - - - - - - -8
1.10 Definition of the Terms - - - - - - - - -9
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review - - - - - - - - - -10
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction - - - - - - - - - -15
3.2 Population of the study- - - - - - - - - -15
3.3 Sample and Sampling Techniques - - - - - - -15
3.4 Instrumentation - - - - - - - - - -16
3.5 Method of Data Collection - - - - - - - -16
3.6 Method of Data Analysis - - - - - - - - -16
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA
PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.0 Introduction - - - - - - - - - -28
4.1 Data
Presentation - - - - - - - - - -28
4.2 Data
Analysis - - - - - - - - - -30
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY,
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1
Summary of
Findings - - - - - - - - -34
5.2
Conclusion - - - - - - - - - -34
5.3 Recommendations - - - - - - - - -35
5.4 Suggestion
for further Studies - - - - - - - -35
Reference - - - - - - - - - -36
Appendix - - - - - - - - - -38
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction
Social media are forms
of electronic communication which facilitate interactive base on certain
interests. Social media include web and mobile technology. Kaplan and Helen
(2010) defined Social Media as a group of internet based application that
allows the creation and exchange of user generated content.
The use of social media
among students has reached to a high level and has affected their study time,
poor grammar and wrong spellings when socializing on social media as well as
diverting their attention from their studies (Ndaku, 2013). Students spend much
of their study time on social networks than in their academic activities and it
has affected their Grade Point Average (GPA) (Ndaku, 2013).
Social media refers to
the means of interaction among people in which they create, share, exchange and
comment among themselves in different networks. Andreas and Michael (2000) are
of the opinion that social media is a group of internet based application that
builds on the ideological foundation and allows the creation and exchange of
users – generated content. Social media has become one of the major channel of
chatting through platforms such as 2go, BB chat, blogger and wiki a. There has
been an increase in the mobile social media which has created new opportunity
for browsing.
Social Networking is the
use of internet to make information about yourself available to other people
especially people you share an interest with to send messages to them. Media are all those media technologies that
are intended to reach a large audience by mass communication. “They are messages
communicated through a mass medium to a number of people” (Bittner, 1980,).
Modern Technology in
communication no doubt has turned the entire world into a “Global Village”. But
as it is, technology like two sides of a coin, bring with it both the negative
and positive sides. It helps people to be better informed, enlightened, and
keeping abreast with world developments. Technology exposes mankind to a better
way of doing things.
In the view of Paul
(2010), internet is a massive “network of networks”, a networking
infrastructure which connects millions of computers together globally, forming
a network in which any computer can communicate with each other as long as they
are both connected to internet. The network consists of local area network
(LAN), connecting computers in the same building while wide area network (WANs)
connecting several LANs in different locations. It connects both private,
commercial, Government and Academic network including a grown number of home
computer.
The world’s first
commercial space communication company created by United State Congress in
1962, which the communication satellite corporation (COMSAT). In 1964, the
United State Government and eleven (11) foreign Nations signed a space
communication pact. The partnership was known as “International Telecommunication
Satellite Organization (INTELSAT). The internet known as the worlds
“Information Super Highway” is a worldwide assemblage of Inter-Connected
Computer Networks (Andrew, 2005).
In 1995, the internet
was just one networking system among many others such as Usenet, Fido net,
Mintel, AT$T, but with advent of the web, the internet became by far the most
important networking system. That led to what is now known as internet, a
global network of interconnected computers that communicate freely, share and
exchange information (Paul, 2010). The younger a person, the greater the
likelihood he or she has access to the internet (Kim, 2004).
Early 1990s, chat rooms
and bulletin boards were forms of Social Networking, in a way that they help
people to connect with others and share interest. A little cater; dating sites
hooked those looking for partners and class mates. Communication allows people
to connect with people they had known in high school and colleges and enable
them to meet others.
In the early 20s, a site
called Friendster was set up where people invited their friends and their
friends also invited others. The site was popular for a while, but suffered
from technical difficulties and fake profiles and began to lose members. In
1999, MySpace took over but became popular in 2003. Its roots are a bit muddy
because it received financial and logistical support from another company
called the E-Universe and most of the early users were employers of e-universe
but Tom Anderson and Chris DE Wolfe are given credit for much of the innovation
and success of the site, which built up to one hundred and fifteen million
users worldwide. Members post bios, photos, blogs, video and other things that
strike their fancy (Prensky, 2001).
Moreover, social media
has been found to affect the academic performance of students both socially in
the sense that it reveals a lot about individual especially in status and
profile (Kim, 2004), academically in the sense that it causes distraction, poor
grammar and wrong spelling to the extent that students use abbreviations during
exams (Prensky, 2001), and economically, (karpinski, 2009) states that people
around the globe have been addicted to the internet.
1.2 Types/classes of social media
a. Facebook
Facebook is a social
networking site that makes it easy for you to connect and share with your
family and friends online. Originally designed for college students, Facebook
was created in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg while he was enrolled at Harvard
University. By 2006, anyone over the age of 13 with a valid email address could
join Facebook. Today, Facebook is the world's largest social network, with more
than 1 billion users worldwide.
For many, having a
Facebook account is now an expected part of being online, much like having your
own email address. And because Facebook is so popular, other websites have
worked to integrate Facebook. This means you can use a single Facebook account
to sign in to different services across the Web. (Bridgwater, Adrian 2013).
b. WhatsApp
WhatsApp Messenger is a
freeware and cross-platform messaging and Voice over IP (VoIP) service. The
application allows the sending of text messages and voice calls, as well as
video calls, images and other media, documents, and user location. The
application runs from a mobile device though it is also accessible from desktop
computers; the service uses standard cellular mobile numbers. Originally users
could only communicate with other users individually or in groups of individual
users, but in September 2017 WhatsApp announced a forthcoming business platform
which will enable companies to provide customer service to users at scale.
WhatsApp was founded in
2009 by Brian Acton and Jan Koum, both former employees of Yahoo!. After Koum
and Acton left Yahoo! in September 2007 (Metz, Cade 2015).
c. Instagram
Instagram is a photo and
video-sharing social networking service owned by Facebook, Inc. It was created
by Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger, and launched in October 2010 exclusively on
iOS. A version for Android devices was released two years later, in April 2012,
followed by a feature-limited website interface in November 2012, and apps for
Windows 10 Mobile and Windows 10 in April 2016 and October 2016 respectively
(Systrom, Kevin 2011).
The app allows users to
upload photos and videos to the service, which can be edited with various
filters, and organized with tags and location information. An account's posts
can be shared publicly or with pre-approved followers. Users can browse other
users' content by tags and locations, and view trending content.
d. Twitter
Twitter is an online
news and social networking service on which users post and interact with
messages known as "tweets". Tweets were originally restricted to 140
characters, but on November 7, 2017, this limit was doubled for all languages
except Japanese, Korean, and Chinese. Registered users can post tweets, but
those who are unregistered can only read them. Users access Twitter through its
website interface, through Short Message Service (SMS) or mobile-device
application software ("app"). Twitter, Inc. is based in San
Francisco, California, and has more than 25 offices around the world (Reuters
2017).
1.3 Merits and Demerits of Social Media
There are many
Advantages as well as Disadvantages of social Media in Education (Lorecentral.org
2015).
Merits of Social Media
It facilitates the
search for information
Most blogs and web pages
that publish valuable content are disseminated in social Networks that, that is
why in this medium students can find information of the highest value that help
them in preparation of class work and continuous learning.
It facilitates the
sharing of resources and contents
Social media is
fantastic vehicle for any student to disseminate resources or content in it.
This makes these resources generate a collaborative library that many students
can use and learn from it.
It allows communication
with professionals of any subject
Through the networks
Students can communicate with professors from their own Educational institution
or other institutions, All within a matter of few seconds. Even a student can
contact other students from other country who study their same career or study,
and share experiences.
Encourage research
Having access to great
information content elaborated by professors and professionals from all over
the World, this logically encourages Research and that can deepen on a very
specific Topic.
Streamline the learning
process
Students can learn from
the content published by on blogs by professional or professors specialized in
that content.
Demerits of social media
Despite the merits of
social media, it also has demerits. Some of the demerits of social media are as
follows; (www.wepodia.com).
Time consuming
Many students find it
difficult to go about their normal studies without making use of social media.
It has been observed that students do not listen in class, they are busy
chatting and reading stories online. They waste their time chatting with
friends and families, instead of reading and practicing what they have learned
in school.
It causes distraction
Many students stick to
their gadget without concentrating on their study.
It causes social problems
Social media has created
many social problems in society.in these modern days, many students tend to
choose online communication rather than having real time conversation, and this
led students to becoming an introvert.
1.4 Historical Background of the Study Area
Following the creation
of Jigawa State on the 27th August, 1991 from old Kano State, the Jigawa State
Polytechnic was established in December, 1992 with central administration at
Kazaure.The polytechnic consisted of four Colleges namely: College of Business
and Management Studies, Dutse, College Engineering and Technology, Kazaure,
College of Agriculture, Hadejia and College of Legal and Islamic Studies,
Ringim.
Later the State
Government rename the Polytechnic after the late Emir of Kazaure, Alhaji
Hussaini Adamu.
In 2005 College of Legal
and Islamic Studies, Ringim gained autonomy. Sequel to this development, the
Polytechnic was left with three Colleges; College of Business and Management
Studies, Dutse, College of Engineering and Technology, Kazaure and College of
Agriculture, Hadejia.
In the year 2007, the
Federal Government took over the College of Engineering and Technology and the
Central Administration at Kazaure as Hussaini Adamu Federal Polytechnic.
Consequent upon this
development, the College of Agriculture, Hadejia was granted autonomy as a mono
Technic Institution by the State Government, as such the State was left only
the College of Business and Management Studies, Dutse. A situation which fell
short of the National Board for Technical Education (NBTE) requirements of
Science-Art ratio of (70:30) for the establishment of full-fledge Polytechnic.
In view of the above,
therefore, Jigawa State Government enacted a law for the establishment of the
present Polytechnic with three Colleges namely; College of Business and
Management Studies (CBMS) and College of Engineering and Environmental Studies
(CEES) and College of Science and Technology (CST) with the Central
Administration at Dutse. The Institution has gradually expanded over the years
and graduated students who excelled in various field of human endeavor.
1.5 Statement of the Problem
The proliferation of
mobile phones and advancement of media technology has a great influence on the
way people now communicate on a daily basis. The use of social media among
youths of today is growing exponentially an gaining more and more popularity
among students. Many Stuart addicted to the use of social media site as they
continue to engage in one activity or another on the social media very often.
Due to this increase popularity, there are growing concern over the possible
influences the use of social media could have on student's academic
performance.
Therefore, the question
of this study is ought to answer in this research. As how do social media
affect the academic performance of students of different departments at Jigawa
State Polytechnic, Dutse
1.6 Aim and Objectives of the study
Aim
The aim of this study is
to investigate the effect of social media on student's academic performance in
Jigawa State Polytechnic.
The aim of this research will be achieved by the
following objectives:-
1.
To identify the various social networking sites that students had access too.
2.
To identify whether age, gender and time spend on social media has significant
effect on the student academic performance.
3.
To identify the average hours that students spend on social networking
activities.
4.
To determine whether there is significant differences on student base on
student academic performance base on their gender.
1.7 Statement of Hypothesis
H0: there is
significant different on student academic performance base on their gender
H1: there is
no significant different on student academic performance base on their gender
H0: Age, tssm
and gender has significance effect on the student’s academic performance
H1: Age, tssm
and gender has no significance effect on the student’s academic performance
1.8 Significance of the Study
The study will help
researchers with more information on the Influence of social media on the
student’s academic performance. It will provide relevance material for students
and other researchers undertaking similar research. It
will also give the researcher an opportunity to explore and gain new knowledge.
Furthermore it can be used for future studies.
1.9 Scope of the Study
The essence of this
research work is to identify the impact of social media on the Student academic
performance. The research intends to focus on students of Jigawa State
Polytechnic Dutse, College of Science and Technology.
Fifty (50) students who
are actively using Social Media will be selected using Simple random sampling
technique as the respondents of the study. The study limited only on students
for College of Science and Technology, Jigawa State Polytechnic for HND II in departments of Computer Science,
Science Laboratory Technology and Statistics in the Second semester of academic
year 2019 - 2021 using Questionnaire.
1.10 Definition of the Key terms
The
following are key terms used in the Research Work:
Social Media:- They are forms of electronic communication which
facilitate interactive base on certain interests. Social media include web and
mobile technology. (Kaplan and Helen, 2010) defined Social Media as a group of
internet based application that allows the creation and exchange of user
generated content
Social Networking Sites:-A website where people put information about them and
can send to others.
Social Networking:- The use of internet to make information about
yourself available to other people especially people you share an interest with
to send messages for them.
Media:-Are all those media technologies that are intended to
reach a large audience by mass communication, "They are messages
communicated through a mass medium to a number to a people” (Bittner, 1980).
Academic:- It is concerned with Studying from books as opposed
by a practical work.
Students:-Someone who is Studying at a University or School,
Someone who is very interested in a particular subject.
Computer:-A computer is a machine that receives or stores or
process data quickly according to a stored program.
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