DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF LIGHTING SWITCHING CONTROL SYSTEM

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

1.2  PROBLEM STATEMENT

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF STUDY

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

1.5 SCOPE OF STUDY

1.6 LIMITATION OF STUDY

1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1  INTRODUCTION

2.2            CATEGORIES OF SWITCHES

2.2.1 MECHANICAL SWITCHES (HAND SWITCHES):

2.2.2 LIMIT SWITCHES

2.2.3. PROCESS SWITCH

2.2.4          ELECTRONICS SWITCHES/LOGIC SWITCHES

2.3 COMPUTERS AS A SWITCH

2.4 SERIAL PORTS

2.4.1 TYPICAL LOCATIONS FOR SERIAL PORTS

2.4.2      I/0 INTERFACES FROM SERIAL AND PARALLEL TO IEEE 1394 AND USB

CHAPTER THREE

SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND METHODOLOGY

3.1          INTRODUCTION

3.2          ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM

3.2.1            ADVANTAGES OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM

3.3.2 DISADVANTAGES OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM

3.3 JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM

3.3.1 ADVANTAGES OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM

3.3.2 DISADVANTAGES OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM

3.4 CONNECTING THE PORT TO EXTERNAL DEVICE INTERFACE

3.4.1 CONNECTING MAX 232 TO THE SERIAL PART

3.4.2 DC VOLTAGE CHANGE WITH CABLE CONNECTED

3.4.3 AC AND DC VOLTAGE WITH DATA FLOW

3.5 SWITCHING STAGE

3.5.1 RELAY STAGE

3.5.1.1 RELAYS

3.5.1.2 CHOOSING A RELAY

PROTECTION DIODES FOR RELAYS:

3.5.1.3 REED RELAYS:

RELAYS AND TRANSISTORS COMPARED:

3.5.5  ADVANTAGES OF RELAYS

3.5.7 DISADVANTAGES OF RELAYS

3.6 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.7  THE  DIAGRAM  BELOW  SHOWS  THE  PIN-OUT  OF  THE  8051  MICRO-CONTROLLERS

3.7.1    ELEMENT OF THE 8051

3.7.2    POWER SUPPLY

3.7.3    TRANSFORMER

CHAPTER FOUR

SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

4.1 INTRODUCTION

4.1.2   OVER VIEW OF DESIGN

4.2        MAIN MENU

4.2.1 PROGRAM MODULES SPECIFICATION

4.2.2 INPUT/OUTPUT SPECIFICATION

4.2.3 FLOWCHART OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM

4.3 CHOICE AND JUSTIFICATION OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

4.4. SYSTEM REQUIREMENT 

4.5 IMPLEMENTATION PLANS

4.6 MAINTENANCE DETAILS

CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION SUMMARY

5.1     CONCLUSION

5.2 RECOMMENDATION

5.3 SUGGESTION FOR FURTHER STUDIES

REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Traditionally, high control in home and office environments takes place through switches (on/off), deals and sliders (dimmers) and sometimes motion sensors. These controls can be incorporated in the built environment such as walls, or attached to lights that people place themselves (desk lamps, bed side lights). This often leads to a jumble of controls each with their own location, interaction style, and focus.

This project is a demonstration of how a PC can be used as a control signal generation subsystem capable of generating programmable control signals for power equipment. Early studies reveal that using PC for power management was often fou7nd to be up to 25% more than energy star compliant methods. However, recent assessments have found higher rates, and was estimated that for power management.

Switching control is a good replacement for conventional pneumatic or Electro chemical high voltage AC control. This equipment is capable of not only control but energy management and system diagnostic functions. The PC control in inherentlyhas more accurate control because it reduces maintenance and recalibration problems common with pneumatic and mechanical systems.

It offers other unique advantages like subsystem coordination, optimum start, diversity analysis and retrofit identification.

This design begins with the fact that a computer is needed to light bulbs of high AC rating. This immediately suggests that an interface of the PC is needed to handle the mismatch in voltage and currents between the PC and bulbs.

Secondly the control data from the PC program are logic levels in serial format and at high frequency. This again means that the interface should understand the protocol of communication and convert it to the necessary parallel control singed. Due to lack of resources, the project will not be real but simulated. This system will represent for more than just manual on/off control. The system comprises of two major components, output device, and input device. Output devices work behind the scenes to control the lights by switching them off or on. Input device are the switcher i.e. the button or sensors.

1.2  PROBLEM STATEMENT

• No prior information whether a bulb is dead or not
• There is always a problem of one or two poles using one switch. That is each pole with a switch which could amount to lots of expenses. Each pole with their own switch and location.
•  It consumes ones time in the sense that one will more from one pole to another. Just to put one or off the light.

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF STUDY

This professional documentation focuses on using a serial interface hardware built on microcontroller and max 232 serial converters. The ensure that the high negative -15 volts and + 15 volts of the serial RS232 comport is converted and programmed to suit the CPC logic levels. The system is responsible for controlling, energy management and system diagnostic functions. Tracking of all lighting activities, especially bulbs. In a place where prepaid meter is in use, it could help reduce the cost.

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

This system is important considering the fat that only a push of a button can switch off or on the light connected within the system. With this system, one can easily be on his/her bed and switch off or on the lights.

The system is safe therefore children can also switch off or on the light when their parents or guardians are not close. The system is very necessary in the sense that it gives you what you want at any needed time. The system also keep track of all activities (bulb).

1.5 SCOPE OF STUDY

The research will focus on creating a computerized system that will switch on or off light on the street and equally control the power aspect.

The research will also focus on light bit microcontroller issues discreet digital electronics in appliance control. Intel controllers that can complete application are typically relegated to switches and times are also discussed. It will be a system that maximizes user efficiency and user convenience.

1.6 LIMITATION OF STUDY

One of the major setbacks of this work is finance. Due to lack of finance, one could not bring the system to life. Inadequate electricity also contributed to the setback of this work.