The idea behind the design and
construction of this system is to make available or alternative means of power
supply for household or industrial purpose. This goes a long way in helping to
curb the problem frequently encountered as a result of power failure. That
notwithstanding it makes it possible to have other means of providing power our
doorstep rather than solely depending on the power from he national grid.
Moreover, rate of power failure in
this wantry is high. So there is every need that other means of power supply
should be made available for constant running of our electronic equipment’s and
gadgets and also to provide comfort to man. Hence, with the help of a DC to AC
inverter system, which has come to solve the problem of frequent power failure
of Nigeria, a steady running and operation of our electronic equipment’s and
gadgets is guaranteed.
This device is very convenient as
they allow the use of standard “mains” appliances on a DC battery system.
Unfortunately, inverters are normally
only suitable for occasional use on a remote solar or wind power system.
Inverters are great for washing machines, power tools and vaccum cleaners which
tend to have starter running times. However, due to the stand by and internal
power losses in even the most efficient inverters, loads such as lighting and
refrigerators are often run directly from DC. The larger the inverter, the
larger the self consumption figure. Some power inverter are offer fitted with
remote switches so that they can be turned off easily when not in use. It also
makes sense to try and match the inverter to the load, of running a small load
from a large inverter will be inefficient.
A 5000watts inverter system can
produces pure 5000watts power of alternating current despite the losses in the
system.
The inverter process can be achieved
with the help of an electronics circuit called an oscillator. The oscillator
helps to convert the incoming DC ito AC before amplification and stepping up by
the output transformer.
Inverter system can take an input
voltage of 24volt DC which is normally achieved by connecting two 12volts
battery in series or it can take an input voltage of 12volt DC, which is
normally achieved by connecting two or more 12volt battery in parallel to
increase its current. Both of the two input voltage depends on the design of
the inverter system.
The configuration of this battery
either series or parallel is known as power bank. The power capacity of the
power bank can be increased by connecting two or more battery in parallel to
achieve an increase in current, or connecting two 12 volts battery in series to
achieve 24 volts DC. The more you connect or add load to the inverters system
the less the standing by time (Charles, 2000
1.2 INVERTER SYSTEM
The inverter system was built to
convert a DC voltage to an AC voltage with the help of oscillator
This inverter system also consists of
two stages of switching circuits which comprises of power transistors connected
in the common drain configuration.
Since the oscillator has two outputs.
Each of the switching circuit is coupled to the two output of the oscillator
respectively. This is well explained in detail in chapter three below.
When the oscillator is powered from
the 12v DC battery, the oscillator of the system generates 60 which is then
used to open the gate of the transistors which has specific power and current
ratings.
The combined output power and current
of the transistors will then be applied to the transformer which then steps up
the voltage to an output level of 220V AC. An inverter converts the DC voltage
to an AC voltage. In most cases, the input DC voltage is usually lower while
the output AC is equal to the grid supply voltage of either 120 volts, or 240 Volts
depending on the country.
The inverter may be built as
standalone equipment for applications such as solar power, or to work as a
backup power supply from batteries which are charged separately.
The other configuration is when it is
a part of a bigger circuit such as a power supply unit, or a UPS. In this case,
the inverter input DC is from the rectified mains AC in the PSU, while from
either the rectified AC in the in the UPS when there is power, and from the
batteries whenever there is a power failure.
There are different types of
inverters based on the shape of the switching waveform. These have varying
circuit configurations, efficiencies, advantages and disadvantages
An inverter provides an ac voltage
from dc power sources and is useful in powering electronics and electrical
equipment rated at the ac mains voltage. In addition they are widely used in
the switched mode power supplies inverting stages. The circuits are classified
according the switching technology and switch type, the waveform, the frequency
and output waveform.
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