ABSTRACT
This
project involves the “consequences evaluation of foreign on road construction
in Nigeria”.
The
methods used in achieving the aims of these projects are:
The
visitation and interview of selected government prostates in charge of granting
of major road construction contract to know why they prefer patronizing the
foreign contractors to the local ones.
The
interview of selected foreign companies through the printing and distribution
of questionnaires to know the ways in which they run their business and factors
that affect their business.
A
visit to our own local (indigenous company) and consultancy firm to get to know
the ways in which they execute their operation and compare it with their
foreign counterparts with the view of knowing their differences and short
comings.
The
response of these interviews and other experts were used to establish and
examine the “consequences evaluation of foreign companies on road construction
industries in Nigeria.”
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
Pages
Title page i
Declaration ii
Certification iii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgement v
Abstract vi
Table of content vii
CHAPTER
ONE
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Statement
of Problem 3
1.2 Aims
and Objectives 3
1.3 Justification
of the Study 4
1.4 Scope
of the Study 4
1.5 The
study area 4
1.6 Methodology
of research 5
1.7 Relevance
of the study 5
CHAPTER
TWO
2.0 Literature
Review 7
2.1 Importance
of Road Transportation 8
2.2 Compares
between Foreign Companies and Local Contractors 9
2.3 Construction
Chart for Road Scheme and Road Administration 10
2.4 Problems
Faced by Local /Indigenous contractors. 12
2.5 Factors
affecting foreign companies on road network in Nigeria. 15
CHAPTER
THREE
3.0 Introduction
16
3.1 Types
of data required 16
3.2 Brief
evaluation of questionnaires. 17
3.3 Method
of data analysis 17
3.4 Problems
of data collection and limitation 18
CHAPTER
FOUR
4.1 Result
analysis of questionnaire 20
4.2 Test
of hypothesis 31
4.3
Effect of foreign companies on socio-economic Activities in Nigeria 34
4.4 Effect
of foreign companies on security/Nigeria government. 35
CHAPTER
FIVE
5.1
Recommendation 36
5.2
Conclusion 37
REFERENCES 38
APPENDIX I 39
APPENDIX II 40
APPENDIX III 42
QUESTIONNAIRE 44
LIST
OF CHARTS
Response concerning standards stipulated
by Ministries
(Federal and State) Fig. 1
21
Results based on graduate employment
promotion Fi g. 2 27
Results concerning foreign companies
patronizing
Prostitute on Nigeria streets Fi g. 3 30
CHAPTER
ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Foreign companies in road
construction are technological engineering establishment, operating in Nigeria due to their technical knowledge; they
assist in road construction in Nigeria.
The consequences and evaluation of foreign companies on road construction” can
be seen on our environment, heath, security and socio-economic activities.
These have resulted into positive and negative impacts in the society as a
whole.
The discovery and
application of the wheel undoubtedly gave impetus to good road construction.
Crude roadways were known to have been in use in Mesopotamia
about 3000Bc. The first cut-stone highway was laid along the Mediterranean.
The Romans are given
credit for being the first real planning preparation of foundation soil and
base and most importantly, provision for adequate drainage. Roman roads are
characterized by their linearity and in popular perception by their route and
since the risk of ambush in hostile territory is reduced. It was for this
reason that the surface of the road was often elevated a meter or more above
the local ground level to provide a clean view of the surrounding country hence
the modem “highway”. Some of these early roads were of elaborate construction.
For example the apian way
built southward about 3l2Bc illustrates
the procedures used by the romans, first a trench was excavated to such a depth
that the finished surface would be at ground level. The pavement was placed in
three courses a large of small broken stones, a layout of small stones mixed
with morta and firmly tamped into place, and a weaving course of massive stone
blocks set and bedded in moats.
With the fall of the Roman Empire, road building becomes a last art. it was
not until the eighteenth century that fresaguet developed improved construction
methods that a great system of road He decreased the depth to about 10 inches
by setting stone on edge, thereby reducing the labour involved and cambered or
crowned the base with a wearing surface or small, hard-placed stones and spread
with a shovel a top dressing of small stones, also MAC ADAM stressed the need
to keep the sub-soil dry by adequate
drainage and a waterproof covering chiefly that formed by small broken stoned interlocking
through their inherent angularities.. Latter roads with waterproof covering of
water bounds, bituminous bound or cement bound material were termed “MAC ADAM”
roads.
Both TELEFORD and MAC ADAM
brought principle of good engineering to road construction they advocated
adequate drainage, well prepared sub-base material and uniform cross sections
which lacked the excessive own of condemn portable design in the western
hemisphere.
Today in Nigeria roads
or pavement structure are still the largest and most patronized network
presently linking village’s towns and states. With coming of foreign companies
( which have eventually taken over 75% of Nigeria roads) being the first set of people to
construct aphetic roads after nigeria became a republic in 1963, Nigeria has
been relying on them to construct these roads and maintain them. These foreign
companies have a lot effect on our government, health security and employment
etc.
The road construction industries of a
developing nation like Nigeria
can be classified into three categories.
1. The
small scale contractor who combines one or two jobs a year with other allied
works.
2. The
medium sized companies run by local business men and professionals.
3. The
large multinationals or foreign companies which take on the big projects ,which
my research work mainly focus on.
While the first two are
indigenous i.e. local contractors, the third group usually has it’s head
offices in abroad with local offices. In this project emphasis is laid on the
third i.e. the foreign companies. The aftermath of these foreign companies on
road construction in Nigeria
which includes the positive and negative effect?
1.1
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Due to the weak sub base soil of many road in our country, inspection carried out on our
road surface shows that the nearly all the roads are in poor condition and this
has lead to promotion of rutting or longitudinal grooves in a road surface
which consequently lead to the premature failure.
1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The aims and objectives
of this project include the following.
a. To
compare the organization setting of the local contractors with foreign
companies with the aims of knowing the difference in their services.
b. To find
out the external factors that are affecting the performance of these foreign
companies.
c. To
ascertain if their code of practice is really suitable for the Nigeria
soil.
d. To
identify the consequences of these foreign companies most especially on
security and health.
e. To
draw conclusions from the results so as to be able to recommend it standard to
the Nigeria
government.
1.3 JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY
When most of the soil for
construction work (road work) is well compacted and as well having a suitable
moisture content, they possess a load bearing capacity to carry any form of
load but later become unfit or unsuitable for use when the moisture content
present is increased, which mostly occur in the raining season.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of this project covers the consequences and
evaluation of the involvement of foreign companies on road construction in
Kwara state which include or involve knowing how this foreign companies carry
out their operation and their shortcoming, also to compare their organizational
setting with our own local indigenous contractor, and finally to know why
government prefer patronizing or giving out contract on road construction to
these foreign companies in Kwara state since Kwara state is the main case
study.
1.5
STUDY
AREA
Since the project involve foreign companies in Kwara state, ilorin which is the state
capital was choosen as the main case study because part of these foreign
companies have their branches here.
Ibadan
oyo state was also choosen because of the relationship of this foreign
companies with order multinational and local communities.
Kwara state ministry or
works was also choosen, since the ministry grants contract to these companies
in Kwara state. Here questionnaires will be distributed to the consultant firm
in Kwara state.
1.6
METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH
The methods employed for
the work undertaken includes physical survey and data collection. This was done
by:
1. The
interview of selected foreign companies. The companies are buletine
construction company Kwara state, Reynolds construction company nig ltd,
chalvet construction company, where useful information was given for the
preparation of questionnaires.
2. A
visit and interview of selected government establishment in charge of granting
of major road construction contract to know why they prefer patronizing the
foreign contractors to the local ones, here questionnaires will be distributed
to these establishments for them to fill.
3. A
visit to our own local (indigenous company) and some consultant firms to get to
know thes ways in which they execute their operations and compare it with their
foreign counterparts with the view of knowing their differences and short
comings were questionnaires will also be distributed.
1.7
RELEVANCE OF THE STUDY
The project title is
‘Consequences and Evaluation on the involvement of Foreign Companies on Road
Construction in Kwara state. This title is important because of the importance
of highways and roads to the socio-economic activities, in Nigeria in
particular and to the world in general.
Since we know that these
foreign companies are really involved in road construction in Nigeria details
of the aftermath of these companies will be elaborated by questionnaires, which
will be distributed to some foreign companies and government establishment and
these result will be evaluated and final conclusion will be made.
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