Table of Contents
TITLE PAGE i
CERTIFICATION ii
DEDICATION iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS v
LIST OF TABLES viii
LIST OF FIGURES ix
ABSTRACT x
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Aim of study 2
1.2 Objectives of the study 2
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 3
2.1 Cassava 3
2.2 Cultivation 3
2.3 Potential of Cassava peels for the Ethanol production 4
2.4 Biomass 4
2.5 Bioethanol 5
2.6 Ethanol Production Technology 6
2.7 Production of Bioethanol 6
2.7.1 Pretreatment 8
2.7.1.1 Physical Pretreatment 8
2.7.1.2 Chemical Pretreatment 9
2.7.1.3 Biological Pretreatment 9
2.7.2 Enzymatic Hydrolysis 10
2.7.3 Fermentation 10
2.8 Microorganisms for Ethanol production 13
2.8.1 Yeast 13
2.9 Fermentation parameter 14
2.9.1 Effect of Temperature 14
2.9.2 Effect of pH 15
2.9.3 Alcohol Tolerance 15
2.10 Economic Impacts of Ethanol Production 15
2.11 Ethanol as Fuel 16
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Materials and Methods 17
3.1 Methods 17
3.1.1 Collection of Materials 17
3.1.2 Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic 17
3.1.3 Sample/ Media preparation 17
3.1.4 Identification of Fungi 17
3.2 Hydrolysis of Cassava Peels 18
3.2.1 Determination of Reducing Sugar 18
3.2.2 Glucose Optimization 18
3.2.3 Determination of TitratableAcidity 19
3.3 Production of Alcohol /Biomass 19
3.4 Determination of Alcohol yield 19
3.5 Assessment of Alcohol gravity 20
3.5.1 Determination of boiling point 21
3.5.2 Determination of pH 21
3.5.3 Determination of Specific gravity 21
3.6 Determination of Biomass 21
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Result 23
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Discussion 34
5.1 Conclusion 35
5.2 Recommendation 36
REFERENCES
List of Figures
Figure Title Page
1 Ethanol production from cassava peels 7
2 Stage in conversion of Agricultural waste to alcohol and Biomass 12
3 Macroscopic view of Trichoderma viride 26
4 Alcohol contents during fermentation period 27
5 Titratable Acidity during fermentation period 28
6 Concentration of Biomass during fermentation period 29
7 Concentration of Sugar (Brix contents) during fermentation period 30
8 Change in temperature during fermentation period 31
9 Change in pH during fermentation period 32
10 Change in specific gravity during fermentation period 33
CHAPTER ONE
1.0. INTRODUCTION
The energy security, declining oil reserves and climate change has in nascent time lead to seeking alternative fuel sources and principally ethanol from food sources and waste crop products especially cellulosic materials (Cardon et al., 2007).
The term fermentation is derived from the Latin verb “fervere” to boil. Fermentation of sugars by microbes is the most common method for converting sugars inherent within the biomass feedstocks into liquid fuels such as ethanol. The processes utilize microorganisms to convert solid or liquid substrates into various products. Fermentation also has been identified as one of the less expensive means of detoxification and increase of the protein quality of cassava. In the process of fermented cassava products, the roots are normally peeled to rid them of two outer coverings; a thin brown outer covering and thicker leathery parenchymatous inner coverings. (Obadina et al., 2006). The fermentation technology now is being widely used to produce a wide range of products including microbial metabolites, microbial biomass, enzymes and isomers (Oboh, 2006).
Lignocellulosic materials are natural, abundant and renewable resources essential to the functioning of industrial societies and critical to the development of a sustainable global economy. The lignocellulosic materials can be utilized to produce ethanol, a promising alternative energy source for the limited crude oil. There are mainly two processes involved in conversion: hydrolysis of cellulose in the lignocellulose biomass to produce reducing sugar and fermentation of the sugars to ethanol (Jaafaru et al., 2007).
Ethanol is a renewable fuel made from fermented cellulosic plant materials collectively known as BIOMASS. Ethanol is a clean-burning, high-octane fuel which at its most basic can be produced from crops such as cassava. Because it is domestically produced, ethanol helps reduce dependence upon foreign sources of energy (Low et al., 2009).
Biomass is said to be an alternative source of energy gotten from living and non-living materials whose production and use brings additional and sustainable development to the environment (Londo, et al., 2010).
1.1 AIM OF STUDY
The aim of this research work is to utilize cassava peels (waste) as a source of single cell (biomass) and alcohol production using Trichoderma viride and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
1.2 Objectives of the Study
- To saccharify cassava peels using T.viride.
- To produce single cell proteins (biomass).
- To produce ethanol from cassava peels using Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Click “DOWNLOAD NOW” below to get the complete Projects
FOR QUICK HELP CHAT WITH US NOW!
+(234) 0814 780 1594
Buyers has the right to create
dispute within seven (7) days of purchase for 100% refund request when
you experience issue with the file received.
Dispute can only be created when
you receive a corrupt file, a wrong file or irregularities in the table of
contents and content of the file you received.
ProjectShelve.com shall either
provide the appropriate file within 48hrs or
send refund excluding your bank transaction charges. Term and
Conditions are applied.
Buyers are expected to confirm
that the material you are paying for is available on our website
ProjectShelve.com and you have selected the right material, you have also gone
through the preliminary pages and it interests you before payment. DO NOT MAKE
BANK PAYMENT IF YOUR TOPIC IS NOT ON THE WEBSITE.
In case of payment for a
material not available on ProjectShelve.com, the management of
ProjectShelve.com has the right to keep your money until you send a topic that
is available on our website within 48 hours.
You cannot change topic after
receiving material of the topic you ordered and paid for.
Login To Comment