ABSTRACT
This study
investigated the determinants of male and female athlete’s performance in the
just concluded sports festival in Lagos state. 5 research
questions and hypotheses were raised, formulated and tested in the course of
this study. 50 male and
female basketballers who play for Lagos state basketball team. The research
instrument used was a self-developed questionnaire, the 5
hypotheses formulated were analyzed and tested using the Chi-square (X2)
statistics to determine the effects of the variables. All the stated hypotheses
were rejected. Based on the finding of this study the following conclusions are
hereby reached that: inadequate
planning and preparation, inadequate funding of athlete’s programme, inadequate
welfare package for athletes, professional incompetence of national coaches and
athletes Attitude and International Circuit Programmes determined male and
female athlete’s performance at the National Sports Festival. In view of
the findings obtained and the conclusion reached above the following
recommendations are hereby made strategic
planning should be adopted for sports festivals which will ensure that
athletes’ are well trained before the games, long term preparation should be
applied to all sports for better performance at the sports festivals, adequate
funding of athletes’ programme should be ensured. The Nigerian committee in
charge of the sports festival should seek for corporate sponsorship of all
sports and money accrued should be judiciously spent on athletes for better
result, the national Sports Commission should be objective in the selection of
state coaches to lead teams for each sport at the sports festivals, a good
welfare package should be designed for the future of athletes’ so that they can
commit their effort for better performance at the games, state coaches in
Nigeria should continuously improve their knowledge in their sports since
sports is dynamic, scientific basic approach should be applied to all sports in
the area of training, physical conditioning, techniques acquisition and
tactical knowledge, athletes’ needs to put up patriotic attitude for better
performance at the festival Games, state Sports Commissions should ensure
better financial and material support for athletes to avoid brain drain of
athletes to other states & athletes’ should be given grants for training
purposes.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Pages
Certification
ii
Dedication
iii
Acknowledgement
iv
Abstract
v
Table
of contents
vi
CHAPTER ONE: Introduction 1
Background
top the study 1
Statement
of the problem 2
Purpose
of the study 3
Research
questions 3
Research
hypotheses 4
Significant
of the study 5
Delimitation
of the study 6
Limitation
of the study 7
Operational
definition of key term 7
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW
OF THE RELATED LITERATURE 8
Record
of past host of national sports festival
1973-2012 8
Coach:
Definition, Qualities and Role 20
Leadership
Behaviours 26
Leadership
Theories in sports 35
Coaching
Behaviour and Athletes Wellbeing 47
Models
of coaching effectiveness 48
Concept
of sports 54
Value
of sports 59
Characteristics
of sports 66
Purpose
and usefulness of sports 67
Duties
of contemporary Athletic Administrators 73
Determinant
of participation in sports and physical Activity 76
CHAPTER
THREE
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY 87
Research
method 87
Population 88
Sample
and sampling technique 88
Research
instrument 88
Validity
of the research instrument 88
Reliability
of the research instrument 89
Procedure
for data collection 89
Procedure
for data analysis 89
CHAPTER FOUR
Result
and Discussion 90
Data
presentation 90
Analysis
of Data and testing of hypothesis 92
Discussion
of findings 97
CHAPTER FIVE
Summary,
conclusion and recommendation 100
Summary 100
Conclusion 101
Recommendation 101
References 103
Appendix 113
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the study
The root of sports is dated back into primitive
days when the meaning of the term sports meant more than fun or diversion.
Sports during the early times meant survival, since human being found it
necessary to bunt fish and hurl missiles, not for pleasure but to survive the
hostile environment that surrounds them. As civilization developed, the
Egyptian and other people who lived in the Middle East and other parts of the
world participated in various sports.
This year’s national sports festival dubbed Eko
2012, kicked off at the main bowl of the Teslim Balongun stadium, Lagos. Vice
president, Namadi Sambo, who declared the prestigious event open, enthused that
the objectives of the festival was to foster national unit and discover talents
who would represent the country in the future international engagements. With a
view to motivating participant states to give their best at the event that
opened amid glitz and glamour, Sambo, who represented president Good luck
Jonathan, pledge a cash gift of N20m for any state that comes first, N15m for
the second runner up and N10m for the third runner up.”I am highly delighted to
be a part of the opening ceremony of the 18th Sports Festival in
Lagos.
I advice the athletes to stay away from
performance- enhance drugs and give their best to excel in the festival. The
officials should also be fair in officiating the games. On behalf of the
federal government, I pledge cash gifts of 20 million naira for the best state,
15 million naira for the second best state and 10 million naira for the third
best state, “he said. He, however, assured of government’s support to Nigerian
sports development. Also, Minister of sports, Bolaji Adbullahi, declared that
government was putting structures in place to ensure that athletes discovered
were well trained to meet global challenges. According to him, Nigeria’s poor
performance in the last Olympic games in London was the major reason government
was playing serious role in the festival.”I ve inspected the facilities in
Lagos and can say that the state is fully ready for the festival.
Based on our poor
performance in the London Olympics, it has become important that this sports
festival will be used to discover talents that will restore Nigeria’s glory in
sports. “Government has realized that the grassroots sports development is the
solution to the sports crisis. The festival’s key objective is to foster
friendship and discover talents in the country and participate in the
festival.”
Statement of the problem
Over the years, from 1973 through 2012 that sports
festival held in Lagos, the researcher had observed that Nigeria’s athletes
performance has not measured well enough as it is expected. It has also been
noted that lack of adequate preparation for athletes by the relevant state
federations in Nigeria, affects good performance. Budget funding for sports is
inadequate for the aspects of training, welfare and remuneration of athletes
due for games. Subjective selection of athletes has always been part of the
problem. The reputation and caliber of coaches handling the athletes has always
been a problem.
Purpose of the study
The purpose of this study was to investigate
the determinants of male and female athlete’s performance in the just concluded
sports festival in Lagos state. Others are to find out the effects of:
1.
Inadequate
planning and preparation on athlete’s performance
2.
The influence
of funding on athlete’ performance
3.
Inadequate
welfare package on athlete’ performance.
4.
Professional
incompetence of national coaches on athletes’ performance
5.
Athlete
attitude and programmed on performance
Research questions
The following research questions were raised
and answered in the course of this study:
1.
Will
inadequate planning and preparation be a determinant of female athlete’s performance at the national sports
festival?
2.
Will
inadequate funding of the athletes programmed be a determinant of athlete’s
performance at the national sports festival?
3.
Will the
welfare of athletes be a determinant of female athlete’s performance at the
national sports festival?
4.
Will
professional incompetence of national coaches be a determinant of female
athlete’s performance at the national sports festival?
5.
Will
athlete’s attitude and international circuit programmed be a determinant of female
athlete’s performance at the national sports festival?
Research hypotheses
The following research hypotheses were
formulated and tested in this study.
1.
Inadequate
planning and preparation will not be a determinant of female athlete’s
performance at the national sports festival
2.
Inadequate
funding of athletes programmed will not be a determinant of female athlete’s
performance at the national sports festival
3.
Inadequate
welfare package for athletes will not be a determinant of female athlete’s
performance at the national sports festival
4.
Professional
incompetence of national coaches will not be a determinant of female athlete’s
performance at the national sports festival
5.
Athletes’
attitude and international circuit programmed will not be a determinant of
female athlete’s performance at the national sports festival.
Significance of the study
This study may be of significance in the following ways:
1.
It will be of
great benefit to the field of sports administration and management as it will be an added information to
knowledge. It will further enhance research work in the area of strategic
planning on human resource management in the sports industry.
2.
The findings
of this study will be of great importance to ministry of sports youth and
social development as well as assist in provision of needed impetus towards better
performance at the national sports festivals.
3.
The findings
is expected to influence prompt reaction to adequate planning programmed for athletes and coaches, welfare
of athletes, adequate funding and facility provision coupled with talent
identification and nurturing of star athletes from grassroots
4.
The findings
will serve a pivotal and reference point for future preparation towards international competition
most especially Olympics games 2016 Rio, Brazil.
Delimitation of the study
This study was delimited to the following:
1.
Descriptive
survey research design
2.
50 male and
female basketballers who play for Lagos state basketball team
3.
Use of
questionnaire for data gathering, simple frequency counts of percentages was used
in the presentation of demographic data while the inferential statistics of Chi
– Square (x2) was used in the testing of stated hypotheses at 0.05
level of significance.
The
study was further delimited to the following variables.
i.
Inadequate
planning and preparation
ii.
Inadequate
funding
iii.
Welfare
packages
iv.
Professional
incompetence
v.
Athletes
attitude
Limitation of
the study
Some of the participants did not return the
questionnaire given to them to fill in time. The researcher appealed to the
participants by persuading them and motivating them to return the questionnaire
at the appropriate time.
Operational Definition
of Key Term
1. Athletes: this represents Lagos state male and female
athletes in basketball.
2. Inadequate
funding: the
inability of a state federation nation to provide enough money to prosecute the
national sports festival programmed.
3. Planning: this is the preparation put in place towards
the national sports festival. It includes scouting for talents and having adequate
preparation, financing and monitoring of athletes.
4. Poor
performance: the string
of unsuccessful results made by Nigerian athletes at the national sports
festival from 1973-2012
5. Professional
incompetence: the
inadequacies of state team coaches in the area of technical input, training
techniques and tactical knowledge update
6. Sports
development: this refers
to a general process of movement to optimum condition of state and an
improvement in sports standard.
7. Welfare
packages: this include
allowances, financial bonuses, feeding, medical services and insurance policy
for athletes and other non- financial benefits accrued from talking part in the
national sports festival.
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