ABSTRACT
This study was
designed to examine the provision and utilization of sports facilities as
determinants of success in some selected competitive sports. The study contains
five chapters; each chapter of this study work contains necessary information.
Chapter one of the study examined the introductory part, statement of the
problem, purpose of the study, research questions, research hypotheses,
delimitation, limitation, scope and significance of the study. In chapter two,
relate and relevant topics to the study were reviewed. Chapter three was
written to discuss the methods and procedures adopted in the course of
conducting the study. A self developed and structured questionnaire was
administered to a total of one hundred and fifty respondents and they were
selected through the simple random sampling technique and the stratified random
sampling technique for the study.
Chapter four was
written to present the data source through the use of questionnaire for
analysis and hypotheses testing and the four (4) point likert scale of
summation rating of strongly agree, agree, Disagree and strongly disagree was
adopted as options to the items. While the hypotheses were tested using the
inferential statistics of chi-square (X2) statistics at a 0.05 level
of significance. Chapter five includes summary, conclusion and recommendations.
The following
recommendations were made
i.
Sports
facility as a permanent variable in this study should be provided and the
available ones be utilized maximally for success in sports performance.
ii.
Adequate
measures should be taken against vandalization and poor maintenance of public
sports facilities.
iii.
Enough
attention should be given to sports ministry by the government for timely
release of fund mid tangible budgetary allocation.
The findings
showed that sports facilities and equipments will have a significant
effect in determining success in some
selected competitive sports.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Table of content vi
CHAPTER ONE:
INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study 1
Statement of the Problem 2
Purpose of the Study 3
Research Questions 3
Hypotheses 3
Significance of Study 4
Delimitation of Study 4
Limitation of the Study 4
Operational Definition of Terms 5
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW
OF RELATED LITERATURE
Definition and Classification of Sports Facilities 6
Provision and Availability of Modern Sports
Facilities-Private and Public
The importance and Contribution of Facility in Sports
Development 10
Utilization of Available Sports Facilities: Facility
Features 14
Types of Sporting Facilities 19
Planning of Sports Facilities 23
Sports Management 32
Maintenance 36
CHAPTER THREE:
METHODOLOGY
Research Method 38
Population of the Study 39
Sample and Sampling Technique 39
Research Instrument 40
Validity and Reliability of the Instrument 40
Procedure for Data Collection 41
Procedure for Data Analysis 41
Pilot study 41
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
Data presentation 42
Data analysis 45
Discussion of Finding 64
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary 67
Conclusion 68
Recommendations 69
References 70
Appendix 74
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study
In recent years, we have become more increasingly
conscious of our health and well – being. A large body of scientific evidence
demonstrates that physical exercise can play a beneficial role in maintaining or
enhancing one’s physical and mental health. Therefore participation in
competitive sports is certainly one of the most popular activities in the world
today. It is interesting to note, however, that Nigerians both male and female,
young and old are increasing their levels of physical activities at a greater
rate and more talents are being discovered in local and international
competitions.
For participation in sports, games and recreation to
grow further in Nigeria, Facilities should be provided and brought as close as
possible to the residential areas in the neighbourhood. Facilities and
equipment should be provided for participation in a wide variety of sports,
games and recreation. There should be provision of sufficient indoor and
outdoor facilities in both rural and urban communities in Nigeria. Provision of
facilities and equipment has been considered as one of the basic consideration
in the development of sports in Nigeria.
There is abundant evidence that this country has
potential sportsmen and women who can be as good as their counter parts in
overseas. This is exemplified in the performance of Nigeria athletes in boxing,
basketball, football, weightlifting and field and track athletics, to mention
just a few.
Ikulayo, (2005) in one of her papers highlighted seven
ways by which the foreign – based athletes performed better in their chosen
sports viz:
Ø The competitive pressure placed on them.
Ø Frequency of training.
Ø Monitored performance.
Ø Opportunity of expert coaching based on
scientific approach.
Ø The nature of rewards and incentives (mainly
Scholarship).
Ø Availability of facilities and equipment.
Ø Conducive atmosphere for both academic and
sports excellence.
Statement of the Problem
In an overview, contemporary sports in general have
become a potent economic, social and political instrument used by various
countries to improve their global image and boost their status. At the national
level, there is a sharp contrast in the development of sports amongst states
and these trends have been the course of sport under development at the grass
root level.
Institutional sports have remained redundant as no
effort or plan is been made to develop the child, the adolescent and the adult
through the provision and utilization of sports facilities. Facilities and
equipment are relatively costly to purchase and most educational institutions
cannot meet the recreational needs of their pupils and students due to
inadequacy of facilities and equipment. Hence promotion of various sporting
activities has become difficult.
The problem of the research therefore was to find out
what will be the effect of the provision, adequacy and stability of modern
sports facilities and equipment have on the performance of the athletes (sportsmen and women), and also
to find out the usability of the available sports facilities and equipment.
Purpose of the Study
The purpose of this study was to find out how
provision of sports facilities act as determinants of success in sports.
It will also find out the nature and the standard of
the available facilities.
The study will equally investigate other determinants
of success in sports.
Research Questions
1.
Will provision of
sporting facilities equipment improve performance?
2.
Will modern sports
facilities enhance performance?
3.
Will the utilization of
the available sports facilities have anything to do with success in sports?
4.
Will the standard and
condition of the available sports facilities enhance sport performance?
5.
Are the available facilities
utilized to enhance sport performance?
Hypotheses
1) Provision
of sporting facilities and equipment will not significantly improve
performance.
2) Modern
sports facilities will not significant enhance performance.
3) Utilization
of the available sports facilities will not significantly have anything to do
with success in sports.
4) Standards
and condition of the available sports facilities will not significantly enhance
sports performance.
5) The
available facilities will not significantly utilized to enhance sports
performance.
Significance of
Study
This study as at when complete will supply first hand
information on the benefits of provision of sports facilities for the athletes
at all levels.
It will also discuss utilization of available
facilities so as to enhance sports performance.
The study will also be beneficial to sports managers
and coaches as it will throw more light to other determinants of excellence in
sports performance. Furthermore, the research also highlighted some modern
sporting facilities available overseas and which are not available in this
country.
Delimitation of
Study
This study was delimited to stadium/facility managers
and sports administrators. It was also delimited to National Athletes,
Organizing Secretaries, Physical Educators and coaches in these areas (four
team sports, four dual sports and four individual sports).
Limitation of the
Study
Part of the questionnaire for this research work was
given to national athletes. Therefore, getting to them posed some problems,
getting the appropriate respondents to fill the questionnaire because they were
away for a crucial competition, part of the questionnaire was given to the
sports administrators, coaches, organizing secretaries, stadium/facility
managers who were not willing to respond to the questionnaire because of their
tight schedules.
Operational Definition
of Terms
Sports facilities:
Sports facilities are fixed structures are fixed structures put place to
enhance skill performance or to facilitate all sporting activities.
These structures may either be indoor or outdoor.
Sports equipment: These are sports apparatus, machinery, gears, materials or
implements used in an operation, or activity in effecting a given end. They can
be moved from one place to another.
Private owned
facilities: These are sports facilities owned
and maintained by private institution clubs, and individuals.
Public owned
facilities: These are the sports facilities
owned and maintained by the government of local, federal and state levels.
Sports
performance: This is the physical execution of an
action or skill to achieve a desired result against an opponent space or time.
Sports
development: This is the process of modernization
and change that occur as a function of time requiring rapid innovation in the
area of sports.
Provision:
To supply or make something available.
Utilization:
To make use of something for a practical purpose
Homologation test:
This can be considered as a particular form of test aimed at verifying that
sports facilities conform to federal rules.
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