ABSTRACT
Housing problems on earth can be traced to the time when God evicted Adam and Eve from the garden of Eden, because of their sin. This project is aimed at evaluating housing problems in Ibadan, Oyo state. Many theories were reviewed in other to get more facts on this research work. Data were collected by administering questionnaires to selected population located in Sango East of Ibadan. The researcher identified the different types of housing and housing problem in the study area, factors that constitute housing problem in the study area and the strategies that can be employed to check or minimize the problems.
Also, for the critical analysis and presentation, table were used for clear explanation of the subject matter.To give the work a final touch, finding on the negligence of the concerned local government, the necessary stakeholder and appropriate provision of facilities, lacking in the area were exposed, due to this various procedure of urban policies were itemized and explained, also Government have been advice on poverty alleviation programmes and also to educate the people living in the study area the effect and dangers in living in a bad housing to give the case study a new look of a development.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
Tittle Page……………………………………………………………………i
Certification………………………………………………………………….ii
Dedication……………………………………………………………………iii
Acknowledgement……………………………………………………………iv
Table of contents……………………………………………………………...v
List of table…………………………………………………………………...vii
Synopsis……………………………………………………………………….ix
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE
STUDY 1
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM 3
1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES 5
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY 5
1.5 SCOPE OF STUDY 6
1.6 LIMITATION OF STUDY 6
1.7 STUDY AREA 7
1.8 DEFINATION OF TERMS 8
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE
REVIEW 10
2.1 HOUSING CONCEPT 10
2.2 HOUSING SITUATION IN
NIGERIA 11
2.3 IMPORTANCE OF HOUSING
AND SHELTER 11
2.4 CHARACTERISTICS OF
HOUSING 12
2.5 RURAL AND URBAN
HOUSING IN NIGERIA 13
2.6. HOUSING FINANCE 20
2.7
HOUSING PROBLEMS IN
BRIEF 26
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 RESESARCH METHODOLOGY .................................................27
3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN
..................................................................27
3.2 DATA TYPES AND SOURCES ...................................................28
3.3 SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUES .................................29
3.4 RESEARCH POPULATION ........................................................29
3.5 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION ...........................................30
3.6 METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS ................................................30
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 DATA INTERPRETATION
AND ANALYSIS OF RESULT 31
4.1 DATA PRESENTATION 31
4.2 ACCESSING EXISTING
HOUSING AND INFRACTURER 32
4.3 EXAMINING THE HOUSING
CONDITION IN THE STUDY
AREA
39
4.4 HOUSING PROBLEMS IN
THE STUDY AREA ..........................43
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION
AND RECOMMENDATIONS 45
5.1 SUMMARY 45
5.2 CONCLUSION 46
5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS 47
REFERENCES 49
APPENDICES ...............................................................................51
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1: ASSESSMENT OF HOUSING PROVIDED IN THE STUDY
AREA ......................................................................................32
TABLE 2: AGE OF OCCUPIERS ..................................................................33
TABLE 3: HOUSING
TYPES ..........................................................................33
TABLE
4A: FACILITIES/ SOURCES PROVIDED .........................................34
TABLE
4B: AVAILABILITY OF REFUSE COLLECTION SYSTEM............34
TABLE4C:
WATER SUPPLY CONNECTION ................................................35
TABLE
4D: REGULARITY OF WATER SUPPLY...........................................36
TABLE
4E: OTHER MEANS OF WATER SUPPLY ........................................36
TABLE
4F : AVAILABILITY OF ELECTRICITY SUPPLY.............................37
TABLE
4G: OTHER MEANS OF ELECTRICITY SUPPLY..............................37
TABLE
4H: BATHROOM TYPES
......................................................................38
TABLE
4I : TOILET TYPES PROVIDED
...........................................................38
TABLE
5: AGE OF THE PROPERTIES IN THE STUDY AREA .......................39
TABLE
6: ROOF MATERIALS USED IN THE STUDY AREA
.........................40
TABLE
7: FLOOR FINISHES IN THE AREA ......................................................41
TABLE
8: CEILING FINISHES .............................................................................41
TABLE
9: GENERAL CONDITIONOF THE
HOUSES........................................42
TABLE
10: PROBLEMS FACING THE OCCUPIER ...........................................44
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1. BACKGROUND OF
THE STUDY
Housing is the permanently
shelter for human habitation. Because shelter is necessary to everyone, the
problem of providing adequate housing has long been a concern, no only of
individuals, but to government as well. Thus, the history of housing is inseparable from the social,
economic and political development of mankind
All over the world, it is a
widely acknowledge fact that shelter is one of the most basic human needs
suffice it to say that inspite of its importance, it is one of the problem that
has been given the least attention in both urban and rural areas of the
country.
The genesis of housing
problems in Nigeria dated back to colonial government failed to evolve and
articulate housing programme beyond the Government Reserved Areas (GRA).
The colonial era has been a
period of self contentedness on the part of the colonial masters as far as
social housing in Nigeria was concerned. Studies have shown that the colonial
masters built empires for themselves in the so- called Europeans quarters and
Government Reserved Areas (GRA). This was necessitated partly by the colonial
masters quest for quiet residential areas
and partly for thier desire for class and executive life. The colonial
masters never considered it necessary to provide decent housing for thier
black counterparts, but were forced to do so when there was a threat to thier
lives following to outbreak of an epidermis. A case in mind was that of Lagos
Executives Development Board, which was established in 1928 as a result of the
destructive effect of the bubonic plaque,and was aimed at the clearing the
slums in Lagos, being the area suspected to be epidemic by promoters. An
attempts was further made by colonial master to provide housing for the civil
servants under a plan tagged “African
Staff Housing Scheme” that was tagged to be facilitated by Nigeria building
society.
In post-colonial Era, sequel
to Nigerian Independence in 1960, emphasis was placed on five-yearly
development plan as a vehicle for economic growth, The first and second
national Development plan covering the period 1960-1970 did not give housing
any significant place until 1972 when during the extended second National
Development Plan, housing scheme under
which government was to build 54000 housing unit by the end of 1979. Under
third National Development Plan, which covered the period of 1975 -1980
government took a giant stride to address the National housing deficit of the
country by engaging in social housing provision.
During the period a rent
panel was set up to review the level in the country. This
marked the first attempt by government to recognize the housing problem
of the less privileged people of Nigeria who has lost all sense of dignity as
well as economic worth as citizen of an oil rich country. The forth National Development plan, which covered the
period 1980-1985 contained the most significant policy that addressed that
nations housing problem and an overiding objectives of improving the overall
quantity and quality of housing for all income, groups both in rural and urban
especially.
1.2 STATEMENT OF
PROBLEM.
The pooled effect of high
population upsurge and urbanization in a declining economy has thrown Nigeria
into serious housing problems, Ironically, the low-income groups who constitute
the majority in the society are the most
affected by the finance menace.
The problems of housing
shortage grow worse by the day in many developing nations including Nigeria.
Conceivably, a major trait of housing crisis notable in urban centres in most
developing nations is that of inadequate supply relative to demand (Olotuah,
2000).
The shortage, in both
quantitative and qualitative terms, is more acute in urban centres. Omijinmi
(2000) observed that people that sleep in
indecent in urban Nigeria are more than people who sleep in decent
houses; Thus, it is assertive that there is inadequacy in population in
Nigeria. (Arayela 2003)
The causes of this dearth in
housing are numerous, High construction cost is found to be present in all
countries, albeit in varying degree of significance ( Adedeji 2007).
Afolayan (1987) attributes
the high cost of construction rate
in economy, high space and quality
standard adopted by designer and construction
1.3. AIM AND OBJECTIVES.
The aim of this study is to assess and evaluate housing
problems in Nigeria with special reference Ibadan city, Oyo State.
The specific objectives for this study are:
1. To set out strategy for minimizing housing problems in Nigeria.
2. To
identify ways of improving housing by developing and sustaining the political
will of government for provision of housing for Ibadan people.
3. To
ascertain the extents in which strengthening
all existing public institution s involve in housing delivery at the
state level will affect the housing delivery
4. To
set out strategy of encouraging and promoting active participation of other
tiers of government in housing delivery.
1.4. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY.
The study findings will be of benefit to the estate surveyor and valuer and
property owners; as will reveal the important strategies necessary for
overcoming the challenges before them.The industry stakeholders such as the
client, Architect,Estate Surveyor and Valuer, Builder and government will
better understand the constraints and also assist in mapping out strategies that
will aid their development.
The government and stakeholders will be better informed through
study recommendation of policy which will assist the property managers and
owner in boosting their ability and
capacity to quality housing delivery process.
Moreover, the project research
can as well be a guide for the incoming student who want to research on
housing or any matter relating to housing.
1.5. SCOPE OF STUDY.
The scope of this study is based on evaluating of urban housing
problems in Ibadan of Oyo state. But in view of the wide nature of the research
topic, the study will focus mainly on Ibadan metropolis.
1.6. LIMITATION OF STUDY.
In the course of this research work, some factors hindered the
free flow of work such as inadequate finance, level of illiteracy from the
public, non release of vital document or information in the respective local
government and limited time available for this research work and cost of
preparation.
1.7. STUDY AREA.
Oyo State cover approximately an area of 28,458 kilometres and
is ranked 14th by size, it is bounded in the south by Ogun state in the north
by kwara state, in the west it is partly bounded by Ogun state and partly by
the republic of Benin, while in the East
by Osun State.
Oyo State contain a number of natural features including the
old national pack. The climate is equatorial notably with dry and wet season
with relatively high humidity. The dry season last from November to march while
the wet starts from April and ends in October Average daily temperature ranges
between 25c (77.00 F) and 35 c (95.00 F) almost through the
year.
Oyo State is located in the south west region of Nigeria, latitude 8 degree and longitude 4
degree East bisect state into four nearly equal parts. The people of oyo state
are Yoruba with common ancestor in
oduduwa within the state however, there are sub-ethnic group with distinct
dialet peculiarities. The people of Oyo state may be divided into five broad
groups, viz Ibadan, Ibarapas, Oyo Oke Ogun and Ogbomosos.
1.8. DEFINITION OF
TERMS.
1. HOUSING: Housing is a permanent shelter
for human habitation, or house and other building where people lives. OR
Housing can means a dwelling that enders a bundle of services which ranges from
the units to bases from which economic activities can be pursued.
2. URBANIZATION: Can be defined as the
outcome of socia, economic and political development that leads to urban
concentration and growth of large cities, changes in land use and
transformation from rural to metropolitan pattern of organization and governance.
3. URBAN AREA: Is an area where
sociol-economic activities take place and also identified with such use like
residential, ccommercial, individual, recreational centre and many others.
4. SHELTER: Is a structure that protects
the occupants from environmental factors and dangers. Shelter is universally
acknowledged as one of the most basic human needs, with a profound impact on
the lifestyles, hapiness as well as productivity of indidual.
5. PUBLIC HOUSING: Is the housing embacked
upon by the government or government organization relating to housing e.g
Federal Housing Authority(FHA) and state Housing coporations. The aim of public
involvement in the housing is to make houses available to the masses at
affordable cost. The objective is contrary to that of private developers whose
aim is to profit maximization.
6. PRIVATE HOUSING: Can be defined as when
private organization or an individual embacked
on housing programmes with the aim of making profit for investing in
such venture.
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