AN EDUCATIONAL RADIO PROGRAMME ON INTRODUCTION TO TAILORING.

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Product Code: 00008985

No of Pages: 56

No of Chapters: 1-5

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ABSTRACT

The practical broadcast on the introduction to tailoring skill acquisition is an educational programme which was designed to educate student and other listeners on the basic guideline for students interested in learning tailoring skill acquisition, to educate them on what tailoring is about, the history of tailoring (generally and in Nigeria), the three popular types of tailoring, the importance of tailoring skill acquisition in our society, the challenges in tailoring skill acquisition, the benefits of tailoring skill acquisition, the important personal requirement in tailoring skill acquisition, and how to set-up a tailoring shop in Nigeria. However, it was also put together with the purpose of including the researcher into broadcasting and presentation ability in media house which is very paramount to her career. As the student acquired practical knowledge, and experience through her engaged in stage of different production activities ranging from the pre-programme production activities stage.  The whole work was discussed in five chapters. In chapter one she gave a brief introduction to the background of the broadcasting practical work, statement of the problem, objective of the practical work, significance of the practical work and definition of terms. The chapter two discussed the background to Delsu FM 103.7 Abraka, overview of the programme, name of the programme, benefits of the programme and limitation of the programme. Based on the experience and knowledge gathered by the presenter, she concluded that a mass-communication student will be incomplete without these experience prior to graduation. She therefore recommends  among  others that schools and  institutions  should review  curriculum a way  that it  will be mandatory for all students in mass-communication department go for excursion and take part in studio  practical work in  course of  their  study and students of  mass-communication should visit the  media  house often to be acquainted with practical broadcasting.




TABLE OF CONTENT

Title page-      -      -      -      -       -       -      -      -     -      -     -      -      -      -   i                                                                                                                                  

Certification-    -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -   ii 

Dedication-     -     -     -     -      -     -      -     -     -     -     -     -     -      -     -  iii                  

Acknowledgement-     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -      -      -      iv  Abstract -      -      -       -     -     -     -     -     -      -     -     -     -     -    -      -   viii                   

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the practical broadcast work-    -     -     -    -     -     -     -  1

1.2 Statement of the problem   -      -     -     -     -     -      -     -      -     -      -  2

1.3 Objectives of the practical work -     -     -     -      -      -     -     -     -     -  2

1.4 Significance of the practical work-    -     -      -      -     -      -     -    -    -  3

1.5 Scope of the practical work   -    -    -     -      -    -     -     -     -    -    -    - 4

1.6 Definition of terms -     -      -     -       -       -      -      -     -     -      -     -  4

CHAPTER TWO: CONCEPTUAL REVIEW

2.1 Background to Delsu FM, Abraka-    -     -      -      -    -     -     -     -    -  7

2.2 Overview of the programme-    -     -    -     -      -     -     -     -      -     -  13

2.3 Benefits of the programme-    -     -      -     -      -      -     -     -     -     -  14

2.4 Challenges of the programme-     -     -      -      -     -      -     -     -      -  15

CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY

3.1 Pre-production activities-     -     -     -     -     -     -     -    -     -      -     -  16

3.2 Production activities-     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -  17

3.3 Post-production activities-     -     -     -     -     -     -     -    -     -     -     -  18

3.4 Limitation to the practical work-     -      -      -     -     -     -     -     -     -  18

CHAPTER FOUR: PROGRAMME PRESENTATION AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Synopsis of the programme-     -      -     -     -    -      -     -      -     -      - 19

4.2 Programme script-     -     -     -     -     -     -    -     -     -     -     -     -     - 19

4.3 Discussion of the programme-    -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -      - 34

CHAPTHER FIVE: SUMMERY OF THE WORK DONE, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Summary of the work done-     -     -     -     -     -     -      -      -     -     -  36

5.2 Conclusion-     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -      -     -  37

5.3 Recommendations-     -     -     -      -     -     -     -     -     -     -      -     -  37

REFERENCES -     -     -      -     -      -     -      -     -      -      -     -      -      -  38

 

 

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

 

1.1       Background to The Practical Broadcast Work

Tailoring is the activity of a tailor, which are the activity of styling or cutting of a garment or garments. The artistry of tailoring all together is defined by the art of designing, cutting, fitting and finishing clothes. Alison, 2022. Tailoring has been in existence for decades, it was first done by hands before sewing machines were invented. In France the first mechanical sewing machine was patented in 1830 by tailor barthélemy Thimonnier. Whose machine used a hooked or barded needle to produce a chain stitch (Stamp, 2013).

Everyone need to wear clothes to cover their nakedness, Tailoring is a very important skill because a tailor has to make the clothes which will be worn. Over the decades the patterns of making clothes has changed with different ideas done by the creative minds. We will all agree that fashion in general evolves and gets better by the day. A tailor or designer learn new designs and pattern everyday to remain current.

With the help of the radio programme to teach the listeners the basic things to know about tailoring skill acquisition, the listeners will be able to know the necessary procedures for beginners when learning the skill. Tailoring involves calculating, from the measurement to the mapping of the pattern on the fabric.

The radio programme will therefore educate the listeners/ student on the introduction to tailoring as a skill, stating the important process of learning the skill. Through this programme also, the importance of skill acquisition will be explained.

 

            1.2            Statement of The Problem

This study was done to introduce students as well as the general public of the basics of tailoring skill acquisition through radio entrepreneurial program on Delsu FM 103.7. Unemployment and poverty are serious challenges in Nigeria, One of the major problem people face are lack of access to free entrepreneurial skill training for them to earn a living in their community.

The world today is greatly influenced by the media, both positively and negatively. People need more educational programme on radio to influence them positively by educating them on important topics. These days people have access to the media with their phone, which means you do not need a radio set before you listen to a radio programme on air. The availability of educational programme on radio are not much, this deprives the listeners from being educated about important things beneficial to their daily life, especially those who do not have access to proper education.

 

 1.3       Objectives of The practical Broadcast on Introduction to Tailoring

The objectives of the practical of the educational broadcast are to:

1.    Introduce to the listeners to the foundation of tailoring.

2.    To explain the basic requirement for tailoring skill acquisition for beginners.

3.    State and give brief explanation of the popular type of tailoring.

4.    Talk about the importance, benefits and common challenges of the skill.

5.    How to set-up a Tailoring shop.

 

1.4       Significance of The Practical Work

The programme is basically to guide youths interested in tailoring skill acquisition on the necessary steps to take and also enlighten them about the benefits the skill provides especially in our society.

The Educational program will be very important to listeners as it will enhance their knowledge and understanding on the basic things involved in tailoring skill acquisition. The programme will educate the listeners on the useful fact about the skill that they were not aware of by explaining the major steps to take when interested in learning tailoring.

Also, this work would largely complement our broad based knowledge on the nature, functions and importance of educational radio programme. It will help serve as a secondary source of data to readers and presenters who may wish to carry out similar program. And lastly, it will influence and guide listeners interested in learning through the radio programme.

 

 1.5         Scope of the practical work

The practical work was based on DELSU FM 103.7 and targeted to the general public that can reach out to Delsu FM in Delta state and to people who are able to make possible contribution, observation and questions available to the relevance of the programme as designed. The presenter will contribute greatly to the best of her knowledge to make the programme a success and actualize her expected desire in Delsu FM, Delta State University, Abraka.

 

 1.6         Definition of Terms

This is where the presenter wishes to define some terms used in this study that the reader might have been unacquainted with. Some of the terms are:

Tailoring: This is the art of designing, cutting, fitting, and finishing clothes.

Radio: It is the use of electromagnetic radiation to communicate electrical signals without wires, to create sound broadcasting.

Training: This simply has to do with the acquisition of skills and information directly required for the performance of a specific role.

Skills: This can be defined as expertise, practiced ability, facility in doing something, dexterity and tact.

Educational programme: This is a term use for an organized activity which may include workshop, seminars, part-time or full time training programmes conducted to educate individuals or group about a particular skill or topic for a particular time frame.

Skill Acquisition: This is the art of learning to do something in other to earn a living and to survive.

Learning: This is the acquisition of knowledge or skill through study, experience, or being taught.

Broadcasting: The transmission of programmes or information by radio or television.

Design: It is a plan or drawing produced to show the look and function or workings of a garment, building, or other object before it is made.

Audience: A group of people who have gathered to watch or listen to something (a play, concert, somebody speaking etc).

Programme: The scheme of things that will be done or included in development of something that people watch on television or listen to on the radio.

 

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  • Anonymous

    6 minutes ago

    This study was designed to assess genetic diversity of TLR7 gene and its expression profile in the Nigerian indigenous chickens and ISA Brown layer chicken. The study population comprises eight (8) groups (naked neck, normal and frizzled-feathered Nigerian indigenous chickens in rain forest and Guinea Savannah regions respectively, Fulani ecotype chicken and ISA Brown layer chicken). Five (5) blood samples were collected from each chicken group. Genomic DNA was isolated from each blood sample using the Zymo Quick-gDNATM Miniprep kit. The DNA sequencing of chTLR7 gene was done using the Sanger Sequencing Chemistry. Tissues from the thymus and the liver were aseptically collected from Two (2) clinically healthy chickens from each chicken group and were immediately transferred into separate 1.5 ml Eppendorf tubes containing 1 ml of RNALater solution. Total RNA was isolated using ISOLATE II RNA Mini kit. Complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized using SensiFASTTM cDNA synthesis kit. The expression of chTLR7 RNA was determined by qPCR assay; β-actin was used as the reference gene. 26 SNPs, two deletions and two insertions in the intronic region of TLR7 gene in the Nigerian indigenous chicken population and ISA Brown commercial layer chicken were found. Haplotype analysis revealed 13 haplotypes out of which nine (9) were unique to the Nigerian indigenous chickens; three (3) haplotypes were shared between ISA Brown layer chicken and the Nigerian indigenous chickens, while one (1) haplotype was unique to the Red jungle fowl. Nucleotide diversity estimates ranged from 0 to 0.019, which were close to zero and suggest that the chicken populations were not genetically differentiated at TLR7 locus. Estimates of gene flow ranged from -0.096 to 0.400 and were close to zero. Genetic distance estimates ranged from 0.007 to 0.054 and were close to zero, which suggests that the chickens have a close ancestor. The estimates of nearest-neighbour statistic ranged from 0.227 to 0.714, which showed that the chicken populations were part of the same panmictic population, hence were not genetically differentiated (P>0.05) at the TLR7 locus. Phylogenetic analysis of TLR7 gene sequences of the genetic groups and the Red jungle fowl revealed very close relationship at the TLR7 locus, which suggests that the TLR7 locus is highly conserved. TLR7 expression in the liver and thymus was significantly different (P<0.01) among the eight chicken groups; the Nigerian indigenous chickens expressed more TLR7 gene than ISA Brown layer chicken. Rain forest naked neck chicken had significantly (P<0.01) highest TLR7 expression of 2.07±0.07 fold. However, expression of TLR7 gene in the liver of rain forest frizzle-feathered and normal chicken, Guinea savannah naked neck, frizzle-feathered and normal chicken, and Fulani ecotype chicken were similar (P>0.05). Gene expression analysis of TLR7 RNA suggests that the Nigerian indigenous chickens could have comparatively more antiviral immune response than ISA Brown commercial layer chicken, hence could be used to develop chickens lines with good antiviral response. Polymorphisms observed at TLR7 gene in the Nigerian indigenous chickens could be used in marker-assisted selection to produce chicken lines with good antiviral response. TABLE OF CONTENTS Cover Page i Declaration ii Certification iii Dedication iv Acknowledgement v Table of Contents vi List of Tables x List of figures xi List of Plates xii Abstract xiii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background Information on the Nigerian Indigenous Chickens 1 1.2 Brief Background on the ISA Brown Commercial Layer Chicken 4 1.3 Toll-like Receptor Seven (TLR7) Gene 5 1.4 Statement of Problem 7 1.5 Objectives of the Study 8 1.6 Justification 8 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 10 2.1 Origin of the Domestic Chicken 10 2.2 Genetic Diversity of the Domestic Chicken 10 2.3 Assessment of Genetic Diversity within and Between Chicken Populations 11 2.4 Genetic Markers for Assessing Genetic Diversity 12 2.4.1 Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers 13 2.4.2 Restricted fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) markers 14 2.4.3 Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) 15 2.4.4 Microsatellites 15 2.4.5 Mitochondrial DNA D-loop 16 2.4.6 Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 16 2.4.6.1 Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) analyses in different chicken populations 18 2.5 Ecology and Genetic Profile of the Nigerian Indigenous Chicken Populations 21 2.6 Phenotypic Characteristics of the Nigerian Indigenous Chickens 22 2.7 Genetic Analysis of the Nigerian Indigenous Chickens Using Physiological and Biochemical Markers 30 2.8 Molecular (DNA-based) Analyses of the Nigerian Indigenous Chickens 35 2.8.1 Molecular genetic analyses of the Nigerian indigenous chickens using microsatellite markers 36 2.8.2 Molecular genetic analyses of the Nigerian indigenous chickens at mitochondrial DNA D-loop region 37 2.8.3 Molecular genetics analyses of the Nigerian indigenous chickens using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers 38 2.9 Toll-like Receptors (TLRS) 39 2.9.1 The chicken toll-like receptor repertoire 40 2.9.2 Molecular structure of the chicken TLRs 41 2.9.3 The chicken toll-like receptor genes and their roles in pathogen recognition 42 2.9.4 Molecular variants of TLR genes in avian species 44 2.9.5 The chicken toll-like receptor 7 (chTLR7) gene and its expression profile 47 2.9.6 Polymorphisms of chTLR7, and its association with viral diseases 50 CHAPTER 3: MATERIALS AND METHODS 54 3.1 Experimental Populations 54 3.2 Blood Sample Collection 55 3.3 Laboratory Analysis 55 3.4 Experiment 1: Analysis of Genetic Diversity at TLR7 Gene in the Nigerian Indigenous Chicken Populations and ISA Brown Commercial Layer Chicken Using DNA Sequencing 55 3.4.1 DNA extraction and protocol 55 3.4.2 DNA quantification and integrity 56 3.4.3 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and primers 56 3.4.4 Preparation of agarose gel 57 3.4.5 Electrophoresis of PCR products 57 3.4.6 Visualization of PCR products (amplicons) 58 3.4.7 Cleaning of amplicons 58 3.4.8 Agarose gel electrophoresis of cleaned amplicons 59 3.4.9 Sequencing of PCR products 59 3.4.10 Alignment and editing of sequences 59 3.4.11 Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) identification and estimation of genetic diversity indices 59 3.4.12 Genetic distance estimation 60 3.4.13 Phylogenetic analysis 60 3.5 Experiment 2: Assessment of Evolutionary Relationship of TLR7 Gene in the Nigerian Indigenous Chickens, ISA Brown Layer Chicken and TLR7 Gene Sequences from Other Poultry Species in Genebank 60 3.5.1 Retrieval of DNA sequences from NCBI database 60 3.5.2 Multiple sequence alignment 61 3.5.3 Genetic distance estimation 61 3.5.4 Phylogenetic analysis 61 3.6 Experiment 3: Gene Expression Profile of TLR7 in Lymphoid Tissues of the Nigerian Indigenous Chickens and ISA Brown Commercial Layer Chicken 61 3.6.1 Experimental birds and management 61 3.6.2 Tissue collection 62 3.6.3 RNA extraction 62 3.6.4 RNA quantification and integrity 63 3.6.5 Complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesis 64 3.6.6 Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) 64 3.6.7 Assembling of qPCR data and statistical analysis 65 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 66 4.1 PCR Optimization of chTLR7 Gene 66 4.2 Genetic Diversity at TLR7 Gene of Nigerian Indigenous Chickens and ISA Brown Commercial Layer Chicken 66 4.2.1 Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and INDELs of TLR7 gene in the Nigerian indigenous chickens and ISA brown commercial layer chickens 66 4.2.2 TLR7 haplotype variations, nucleotide diversity, genetic differentiation and nearest-neighbour statistic 75 4.2.3 Genetic distance and relationship of TLR7 gene sequences in Nigerian indigenous chickens and ISA brown layer chicken 83 4.2.4 Phylogenetic analysis of TLR7 gene in Nigerian indigenous chicken populations and ISA brown commercial layer chicken 88 4.3 Evolutionary Relationship of TLR7 Gene in Nigerian Indigenous Chickens, ISA Brown Commercial Layer Chicken and TLR7 Gene Sequence from Other Poultry Species in Genebank 90 4.4 Expression Profile of TLR7 RNA in Lymphoid Tissues of the Nigerian Indigenous Chickens and ISA Brown Commercial Layer Chicken 94 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 98 5.1 Conclusion 98 5.2 Recommendations 99 References 100 Appendices 117

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