ABSTRACT
This
research is on “Factors Affecting the Quality of Family Forum-A Programme of
Anambra Broadcasting Service, Awka”. The desire for this study was informed of
the need for better family planning and moral upbringing of the children, now
difficulties are abound and mortality is steadily in the decline. Therefore,
the researcher decided to evaluate this ABS radio programme to find out its
contributions towards solving the identified social problem. To execute the
job, survey research design was used since the study was to solicit people’s
opinion of the performance of this radio programme. Questionnaire copies were prepared
and distributed to the sample population (respondents) and data generated
showed a lot of things. Among the findings was that language used in presenting
the programme has hindered better understanding of the intention of the
programme by the audience. So, for effective understandable message delivery,
the researcher made a lot of suggestions which include use of indigenous
language in the presentation of the programme.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
Title page - - - - - - - - i
Approval page - - - - - - - ii
Dedication - - - - - - - iii
Acknowledgements - - - - - - iv
Table of contents - - - - - v
Abstract - - - - - - - - vi
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
1.1 Background of the study - - - - - 1
1.2
Statement of the research problems - - 20
1.3
Objectives of the study - - - - 22
1.4
Significance of the study - - - 23
1.5
Research Questions- - - - - - 24
1.6
Research Hypotheses - - - - - 25
1.7
Conceptual and Operational Definition of Terms 27
1.8 Assumptions
of the study - - - - 29
1.9
Limitation of the study - - - - - 30
References - - - - - - 32
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF
THE LITERATURE
2.1
Sources of literature - - - - - 33
2.2
Review of relevant literature - - - 34
2.2.1 Definition
and meaning of Broadcasting - - 34
2.2.2
Characteristics of Broadcasting - - - 40
2.2.3 Kinds
of Broadcasting - - - - - 44
2.2.4 Roles of Broadcasting - - - - 46
2.2.5
Factors affecting he quality of Broadcasting - 49
2.3 Theoretical Framework - - - 55
2.4 Summary
of literature- - - - - - 57
References - - - - - - 58
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
3.1
Research Design - - - - - - 59
3.2
Area of study - - - - - 60
3.3. Population
of the study - - - - 60
3.4
Research sample and sampling Technique - - 61
3.5 Instruments
for data collection - - 61
3.6 Validity
of the Instrument - - - - 63
3,7
Method of Data Collection - - - - 63
3.8 Method
of Data Analysis - - - 64
References - - - - - - 65
CHAPTER
FOUR
PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA
4.1
Data
presentation and Analysis - - - 66
4.2
Hypotheses
Testing - - - - - 78
4.3
Discussion
on Findings - - - - 84
Reference - - - - - - 89
CHAPTER
FIVE
SUMMARY,
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER STUDY
5.1
Summary - - - - - - 90
5.2
Conclusion - - - - - 92
5.3
Recommendations - - - - - 93
Bibliography - - - - - - - 96
Appendixes - - - - - - - 99
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
“The lesson to be learned is that
the future belongs to the station to the extent that the station that produces
and controls programming well will be successful”. Fepper (1995).
Programming as the bedrock and
mainstay of broadcasting involves a long-term calculated planned policy
expressed in predetermined executable action, which if appropriately
implemented and executed as individual programme operations, wins maximum
success for station. Dunu (2002). Furthermore, according to Dunu (2002),
programme is also defined as the strategic selection of programme materials
appropriate or suitable to a particular segment of pre-defined target audience.
It is undoubtful that effective
programme is synonymous with a successful broadcast station. Broadcast
programming involves a series of inter-dependent processes which are expected
to satisfy some specific needs of the listening and viewing audience.
A programme is a broadcast material
created to meet certain specific needs or attain some set objectives and
transmitted to some predetermined target audience.
Programming in radio involves the
task of choosing programmes and scheduling them in meaningful order and
evaluating their degree of success and or failure. Indeed, programming is
constrained by time. It makes use of daily schedule for the day’s transmission
or master schedule for 13, 26, 39, 52 weeks as the case may be. Programming
plays a dual role between the broadcaster who views it as a means of income and
society which views it as entertainment and public service.
Programming for specific audience
is one of the areas of great problem to Nigerian broadcasters. The problem
seems to arise primarily from lack of knowledge about the specified audience,
the potentials of the radio, communication theory and the objective of
broadcasting in the first instance.
In order to increase rating and
attain success, broadcast stations employ programming strategies which
according to Eastman (1993) are compatibility, habit formation, audience flow
control, programme resource conservation, and breath of appeal.
Radio programming poses most
challenges which include making the programme clear, logical, meaningful and
easy to understand . According to Robert Hillard, Radio may represent a
character in one setting and in a twinkling transport him - and the audience -
to an entirely different one. This is done through the use of
narration, sound effects and dialogue.
Consequently, it is important to
note that certain indices exist that undermine the quality of broadcast
programmes specifically radio programmes in Nigeria.
It has been discovered that
government censorship and financial
control of most broadcast stations affect the quality of programmes aired. A
case in point is where incumbent government insists that airtimes be utilized
in sychophany and praise singing broadcast of the government in power. Post
and pre-censorship of programmes are in too.
There is a common saying in regard to mass media control in Nigeria and
elsewhere which has become a cliche that “he who pays the piper dictates
the tune”. This means that the owner of a mass media channel controls what the
medium broadcast and how it broadcasts it as the case of Anambra broadcasting
service Awka. Surely control through ownership is a fact of life in every
society, but then the nature of this control usually varies greatly depending
upon the political system, the orientation of political leaders in control of
government and the political climate prevailing
the caliber of Journalists and
other professionals communicators.
These forces exert control over the
broadcast media in the sense that their
individual or combine influences could shape the content, activities and
orientation of the broadcasting media quite
considerably, depending upon the magnitude of influences and these affect the quality of the programmes.
The broadcasters, before giving information considers if the “piper” likes it
or not. They shave out the parts that will not be pleasant to the “Piper” and
not considering what the public (audience) needs to hear. This is a major problem
that affects the quality of ‘events from government house’, a radio programme
in ABS, Awka. Any information that is not accepted by the government who is the
‘Piper’ cannot be disseminated to the public.
Aside from this, it has also been
discovered that lack of qualified staff and use of obsolete equipment has
become a huge stumbling block and
hindrance to effective quality
programmes. Effective programming
requires well talented and trained staff with the right orientation and
sound judgment in the intricacies of broadcast productions. These include
writers, directors, producers, presenters, engineers, maintenance staff,
announcers, etc. Programming involves putting the right peg in the right hole.
Therefore, the personnel required for programming affects it to a large extent
. Thus when the staff lack talent or are not creative, programmes lose their
integrity and attraction. It takes a creative mind to put out a fantastic
performance. When a mind is creative, it has the ability of putting together research
findings.
The radio station of Anambra
broadcasting service (ABS) Awka, is an example of one of the most broadcasting stations where untrained staff and analog or obsolete equipment are still much in use rather than the recent digital and computerized
system. It is also plagued with the absence of quality transmitters that makes radio broadcasting
programmes epileptic.
Oftentimes most of the content of
programmes being aired are not
entertaining, educative and informative.
Programmes aired by radio broadcast should basically focus on development, that is such
transmissions that can spur people to greater individual and national
development. It should also focus on how to sustain the attention of their
listening and viewing audience. It should include hooks, suspense and other attention-getting device. Programme for broadcast is meant to be
supplement to formal school offering but it is not so in Nigerian
context. However, the recent Nigerian Broadcasting Commission (NBC) guideline stipulating
60% local content of any programming effort though good is adversely affecting
the quality of most indigenous programmes.
Misuse of the broadcast media for
political purpose has always constituted a serious problem in the country.
Government and private broadcast media
sometimes disregard the started objectives of their organisatiosn by allowing
their channels to be used for political selfish ends by political lackeys.
The ABS radio station is sometimes
being hampered by lack of significant
independence in programming because the
prime viewing time has been taken over by network programmes which the
ABS radio station is meant to hook onto. The scheduling of some of these radio
station broadcast programmes does not coincide with audience activity. This is
evident in the time scheduling to some programmes which does not suit with the
timing of the listeners. For instance, ABS, Awka airs the radio programme
‘Events from Government House’ at 5.30am. This time is not convenient for its
audience as they might not be awake by that time and so wrong audience who now
listen to it may not understand the quality of such programmes. Lack of
continuity of such programmes and
effective feedback and lack of proper research on the subject matter are also cankerworms that have
hindered the production of quality radio programmes. Most times, radio
programmes are haphazardly done, and because of this, quality programmes will
never be the end product.
The feedback system through
phone–in-facilities has become the lazy way out of programme production.
Producers are no longer keen in searching for qualitative artists to discuss
programmes on radio. Instead they allow unguarded or uncontrolled outbursts
from listeners who are privileged to have telephone in their homes but do not
know what to do with them.
Years ago, listeners where
encouraged to write letters to producers
of programmes and such letters have been constructive and of tremendous
help in improving the quality of broadcast programmes. It is difficult to
explain why a developing country like Nigeria will issue licenses to
broadcast operators just to play music. This is true, but sad development.
Broadcast Media should be channel towards development efforts and this
pre-supposes the fact that recipients of broadcast messages should be part of
programmes conceptualization and implementation. Every radio programme in Nigeria should
be backed up by researchers.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF RADIO
BROADCASTING IN NIGERIA
Over the decades, broadcasting
in Nigeria
has served as the channel for government propaganda.
Radio has been found to be very useful, because it is popular
with the rural population and also enjoys the intimacy which other media of communication
lack. In developed world, radio has been used for development purposes.
Programmes that are meant to achieve these development purposes have been
conceived and executed at the various levels of the society. In Nigeria, however, radio has been
seen as a one-way communication channel in which the government communicates to
the governed without an appropriate feed-back
system.
Radio, according to
Microsoft Encarta Premium (2009) is a
system of communication employing electromagnetic waves propagated
through space.
It has been acknowledge
universally as a very important means of
disseminating information of all the
modern means of communication in the world,
radio is the most popular
because the majority by of the members of the public have access
to it. Moreover, radio has the capability of achieving its programmes for both
literates and illiterates. This is particularly true in a developing country
like Nigeria
with its high illiteracy level. Newspapers, Magazines, posters and books which
are the print media can hardly reach the illiterates. Radio can, because it
employs the oral vernacular as well as
television. Launery (1962) observed
and said:
“Africa
will in large measure own their freedom and newly found place in the world to
two singular technological developments. The dry cell battery powered portable
offer leaders of Africa’s newly independent countries that only practical means
of reaching much of their people most of the time”.
Radio is supplemental. Most radio listening occurs while we are doing something else–driving working,
studying cleaning, falling asleep, waking up and so on. Radio rarely is the
prime focus of our attention; it provides an audio background for our
activities.
Also radio is portable.
Virtually every household has at least one working and almost every car is equipped with radio. Some radio sets, like
the walkman, are small and personal.
Others like the boom box, are big and public. No matter their size,
radio sets are easily transported and go every where-the beach, sporting events
, jogging trails, the work place etc. Car radios provide news and entertainment to commuters on their way to and from work. Infact, it is
hard to find a place where radio cannot go.
Radio broadcasting in Nigeria dates back to 1932 and has its roots in England. It started
as ‘wireless for monitoring and relaying programmes from the
British Broadcasting Corporation
(BBC) for the interest of her colonial servants’. Church (2009:9).
Before independence, all the
programmes are packaged and relayed from BBC in London. Radio in Nigeria between 1937 and 1955 was an extension of oversea broadcasting
organization. Programmes were purely British, sometimes tailored to suit the
task of the colonial listeners.
In 1951, the Nigerian Broadcasting Service (NBS) was formally inaugurated as a relay station
working closely with the BBC. The
ordinance No. 36 of 1956 heralded the setting up of the Nigerian Broadcasting Corporation (NBC) which
was set up among other functions, ‘ to
provide independent and impartial
broadcasting services” within Nigeria. The NBC tried to maintain a national
profile in its operation but according to Lan Mackay (1964) “it failed to
provide a regional image to the satisfaction of the regional government’.
The growth of radio stations
often followed the creation of more states in the country. An example is in
1976 when the country was divided into 19 states, radio stations increased.
The NBC later changed its
name to Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria (FRCN) in 1979. Today in Nigeria, all
the states of the Federation enjoy the broadcast service of FRCN along with the
state owned stations like Anambra Broadcasting Service (ABS), Awka. That had
made radio to be the medium of the widest audience in the country. Radio is the
most obvious as well as the most effective means of mass communication in Nigeria because
its impact is immediate and enduring.
Therefore, radio broadcasting is regarded as a national
undertaking of the highest order and an indispensable element for public motivation by every government.
Political, social and technical considerations are the cardinal reasons for the
proliferation of FM radio stations in Nigeria. The federal government
decided to restrict state radio stations to medium wave broadcast on December
8, 1979. This led to the setting up of FM station by some government in Nigeria. This brought the existence
of the many FM stereos and other FM stations.
The Anambra Broadcasting
Service (ABS) Awka is a disengagement from Anambra Broadcasting Service, Enugu in 1992. The ABS
Awka originally started in 1960 at Enugu as the
Eastern Nigerian Broadcasting corporation (ENBC) which was later renamed the East Central State Broadcasting Service (ECBS) of
1971 after the civil war at Enugu. The then ECBS has
a television and a radio arm, which was
later spilt into Anambra Broadcasting Corporation and the Eastern Nigerian
Television Authority (ENTV) as of 1976.
Subsequently, the ABS
was renamed the Anambra Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) and the Eastern Nigerian
Television Authority (ENTA) was renamed as the Nigerian Television Authority
(NTA) with subsequent political charges, merging took place in 1985 under a
re-organization exercise which resulted to the ABS Enugu. Anambra Broadcasting
Corporation and Anambra television which came into existence by Jim Nwobodo
were the two stations that merged and this was backed up by the then government
Edict No 6 of 1985 and later by the Edict No 4
of 1987 as a corporate
establishment.
After the creation of states
in 1992, Anambra Broadcasting Service or corporation disengaged from ABS Enugu
as an autonomous corporate establishment and backed by the Edict No 4 of 1987
under the Ministry of Information with specified scheme of service and the conditions of
services for staff regulations and welfare.
Government
Regulations of Broadcasting
Among the different media of mass
communication, the broadcast media have always been a source of worry to
government. One major reason for government control of broadcasting is based on
the fact that the airwaves (electro-magnetic spectrum) are a scarce and public
resource. It is argued that this resource should be controlled and allotted by
the government in the way best suitable for serving the public good.
Another reason for government control of broadcasting derives from
the perceived power of broadcasting to influence public opinion, given the
peculiar characteristics of broadcast media. From its inception, therefore,
government has sought to exercise control over the broadcast media. It is not
usually the case with the print. Consequently, for a long time in virtually
every third world country, the government owned and controlled all broadcast
media. The defence often offered for the adoption of this prevalent ownership pattern in
developing world is that there is an
urgent need for national development and that the government needs to control
the mass media so as to better use them
to achieve the national goal.
However, government control of Broadcasting has always involved
more than ownership, and extends beyond government owned media to include
privately owned broadcast media. Even in most advanced democracies,
broadcasting is subject to government regulation which varies in degrees from
country to country. In the United
States of America, for instance, the
government regulates broadcasting through the Federal Communication Commission
(FCC). This is the body established by the
United States Congress in 1934 and empowered to regulate radio,
television, and telephone communication. Bittner (1980:326).
In Nigeria, the
equivalent of the FCC is the National Broadcasting Commission (NBC) which was
established by Decree 38 of 1992. This decree gives wide – ranging powers to
NBC to regulate and control the broadcast industry in the country.
Licensing process and
control is one way the National Broadcasting Commission (NBC) regulates the
broadcast industry. The then information minister, Chief John Nwodo (Jnr)
says:
“‘under the National Broadcasting Commission Decree No.38 of 1992,
the commission is empowered to receive, process and consider applications for
ownership of radio and television stations including cable to services, direct
satellite broadcast and other medium of broadcasting”
Establishments licensed to broadcast under Decree No. 38 of 1992,
are subject to strict monitoring and control by the commission in relation to
purely technical as well as to regulate the type of broadcast equipment to be
used by it. Operators of license stations are obliged to make their broadcast
facilities (including equipment and station log book) available for inspection
by the inspectorate staff of the commission.
Another control Mechanism can be seen in the fees which
Broadcasting Association of Nigeria called for a review of fees payable by
broadcasting houses arguing that ‘this will remove the present situation of
unilateral imposition of asphyxiating fees in millions of Naira on broadcasting
stations by the NBC’.
Quality of Radio Broadcasting in Nigeria
How could the programme content be improved in order to achieve
national idea of combating most on the social ills of the society, is one
important question which needed to be asked in this study. This brings the word
‘Quality’ which means a general standard.
The quality of Radio
Broadcasting could be determined by the good or bad programmes rendered to the
listeners. A quality radio broadcast
programme as articulated in the National broadcasting code of 1993 is meant to:
A)
Cover the areas of education,
entertainment and information.
B)
Promote social values and norms, civic and
social responsibilities
C)
Promote the acquisition or pursuit
of knowledge.
D)
Promote the physical, mental and
social well–being of the people
E)
Foster the spirit of self
discipline and self sacrifice
F)
And encourage the prevention and
development of human values and respect of the dignity of man.
The services rendered by the Nigerian
Broadcasting commission has achieved little or no benefit. For instance,
broadcasting to the Mass audience has the ability to transcend illiteracy and
other traditional barriers associated with the print media programme. Contents
of radio which is programme should be
given a careful consideration and
every decision that has to do with the proposed programme should be
evaluated in line with the expectations of the intended
audience.
The ability to reach
specialized audience and penetrating the lives of virtually the entire world
population could mean that radio
broadcasting has high quality in rating.
Objective of Radio Broadcasting
Radio broadcasting has
come a long way like many countries in Africa.
It has evolved from transmitting programmes
from the home countries of the colonialists to the poor natives in Africa. Radio in this sense had been effective in brain
washing the Africans on what their
colonial masters were doing to cater for their interests
At independence, the
African leaders were to know the effect of broadcasting on the people and so
used it as government megaphone. Radio broadcasting is a medium that could be
used for a lot of purposes. It could help to report the activities of the
people for government attention and because of the high illiteracy level, radio
broadcasting is preferred to other media of communication because of its portability and its flexibility in
programming.
Government policies
could be translated into local languages and broadcast to the people. It is not
therefore surprising that broadcasting
has been adopted to propagate the ideas of a government in power to
the detriment of the people they
are supposed to serve.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This nation Nigeria is
constantly facing the problem of illiteracy coupled with ignorance. Different
qualitative programmes have been adopted and old ones discarded in preference
to new ones in order to educate the masses. But the big question here is ‘have all
these programmes been able to inform, entertain and educate the people?”. Radio
broadcast programmes always have an objective behind it which it tends to
achieve which are information, entertainment and education. The question is
“how far have this been fulfilled and accomplished?”.
Producers moreover, tried to change and modify their progrmames in
perception of what the audience wants to know and mostly to the choice or
decision of the ‘Piper’. Also a constant
problem to the producers is the issue of timing of the programmes. Some of the programmes are
projected at the period not suitable for
the audience and consequently, audience perception and reception of the
programmes become a serious concern to
the producers.
The problem of two-way
flow of information (feedback) between the producers of these programmes
and their audience constitutes a
challenge to the said issues.
Also unavailability of
certain facilities and use of obsolete
equipments will definitely hinder
the effectiveness of this programme. And
the question is “to what extent has government.
assistance especially in the area of power supply been felt?”.
Lack of adequate financing of local programmes is not forgotten.
These and many more questions are being
raised in order to give appropriate response to the issue of quality
broadcasting.
Questionnaire, interviews and participant observations are
designed to examine the hindrance to quality radio broadcast programmes.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
This study is with the
view to examine critically the state of programmes and programming in Anambra State, with the aim of discovering all
the hindrances to effective programmes.
Broadcast has been defined as the single most powerful means of
information dissemination. This lie in the nature of broadcasting seeing that
it is all pervasive and persuasive, especially radio, which can transcend the
barriers of illiteracy time and location to capture the mind of audience. A
radio broadcast programme in Nigeria
has consequently become a powerful tool for influencing the public.
This research work also
aims at assessing the objectives of Anambra Broadcasting Service (ABS) with
which the present investigation is concerned in the production of quality radio
broadcast programmes.
This study is equally
aimed at suggesting adequate solutions to the factors that affect the quality
of radio broadcast programme.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Radio is one of the instruments for disseminating information to
the mass media audience that are heterogeneous, diversified and with different
cultural background. Radio stations are expressing opinions to its target
audience and trying to sell its ideas to
the audience through well planned and systematically organised programmes at
all times.
This research work will
assist and let programmes producers or radio stations to understand the factors
affecting the quality of the radio programme ‘family forum’. Equally, it will
enable them to know how to plan a programme that is of a high
quality.
It will furthermore, help the programme planners to monitor and
adjust their airtime as time requirement must be evaluated realistically even
if it involves eliminating some segments of the production. This will encourage
and require the programme producers to produce quality broadcast programmes to
suit their audience which according to Eastman
(1993), broadcast station must employ the use of programming strategies
such as compatibility, habit formation,
audience flow control, programme resource conservation, and breath of appeal.
This research study will
help the government know the areas where it has to support the media and also
remind the radio programme producers about the objective of radio broadcasting.
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The following research questions were formulated and tested in this research.
1)
Does funding of ABS by the state
government affect its activities profession wise?.
2)
Do differences in culture, language
and custom affect the quality of the radio programme ‘Family Forum’ of ABS
Awka?.
3)
Does lack of proper personnel and modern
equipment affect the quality of the radio programme ‘Family Forum’ of ABS,
Awka?.
4)
Does lack of knowledge of
programming strategies affects the quality of the radio programme Family Forum’
of ABS Awka?.
5)
Does profit motive make it possible
for the neglect of the function of
broadcasting by ABS, Awka?.
1.6 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
This study will definitely answer and give solutions to fully
understand and achieve the purpose of this research. These questions will
appear in some hypothetical formulations which will be proven later in the
course of research.
H1 Funding
of ABS by the state government affects its activities profession wise
H0 Funding of ABS by the state
government does not affect its activities profession wise.
H2 Differences in culture, language and custom
affect the quality of the radio programme ‘Family Forum’ of ABS, Awka
H0 Differences in culture, language
and custom does not affect the quality of the radio programme ‘Family Forum’ of
ABS, Awka.
H3 Lack
of proper personnel and modern equipment affect the quality of the radio
programme ‘Family Forum’ of ABS, Awka.
H0 Lack of proper personnel and
modern equipment does not affect the quality of the radio programme ‘Family
Forum’ of ABS, Awka.
H4
Lack of knowledge of programming strategies affects the quality of the radio programme ‘Family
Forum’ of ABS, Awka.
H0 Lack
of knowledge of programming strategies does not affects the quality of the
radio programme ‘Family Forum’ of ABS, Awka.
H5
Profit motive make it possible for the neglect of the function of broadcasting
by ABS, Awka
H0
Profit motive does not make it possible
for the neglect of the function of broadcasting by ABS, Awka .
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Conceptual Definition
Radio: An electronic device
through which audio messages are sent across to unidentified and scattered
audience simultaneously.
Programme: According
to Dictionary of Mass Communication, it is a clearly defined and labeled
fragment of a television or radio output that is distinguishable from non
program such as advertising,
Audience: The group of consumers for whom the
media text was constructed as well as anyone else who is
exposed to it. It also includes individuals who read a newspaper or
magazines, listen to radio and view television broadcast.
Broadcasting : A method of transmitting radio, internet or television
signals to a number of recipients (listeners or viewers) that belong to a
large group which maybe the public in general or a relatively
large audience within the public in
general.
Quality:
The general standard or grade
of something. It also means the highest or finest standard.
Family Forum : A medium in which the
public debate on family issue or express opinions on family.
Factors: Things that contribute to or has an influence on the outcome of
something.
Operational Definition
Radio : Anambra Broadcasting Service
(Radio) through which the people living
in and around Awka listen to family
forum programme.
Programme: ABS daily activities.
Audience : ABS people living in and around Awka for whom ‘Family Forum’ was
constructed as well as anyone else who
listens to ‘Family Forum’.
Broadcasting : A persuasive channel of
communication through which ABS reaches
its audience who are people who listen to ‘Family Forum’.
Quality : The standard of family Forum that
is affected by a contribution to the
result of another thing that is not of standard like government control of the
media.
Family Forum
: A radio programme of ABS in which members of the public debate and
express their opinions on family issues.
Factors: Things that contribute to the inefficiency of family
forum.
1.8 ASSUMPTIONS OF THE STUDY
The assumption of a study helps to provide the
basic foundation for hypothesis. Nwodu
(2006).
In this study, the researcher raised a number
of assumptions. The researcher assumes that there are factors that affect the
quality of radio broadcast programme in
Nigeria.
Other assumptions include:
1.
That the NBC and FRCN may not be
efficient in their activities.
2.
That the government control affects the quality of radio broadcast programme in Nigeria
3.
That obsolete facilities and
equipment hinder the quality of radio broadcast programmes in Nigeria.
1.9 LIMITATIONS
OF STUDY
This research work would be appropriate if the
coverage of the study included the entire radio stations in Nigeria but
because of the time within which the study is supposed to be completed, this work has been limited to cover the Anambra Broadcasting Service, Awka. Also,
as a result of some constraints, it is impossible to cover all the states in Nigeria, thus
this research shall be confined to Anambra Broadcasting Service, Awka.
Financial constraint constituted another limitation
to the study. This was also overcome by narrowly down the scope of research to
Anambra Broadcasting Service, Awka.
Some staff who were initially approached to
answer questions put to them, declined to comment.
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