ABSTRACT
This research work was carried out
to look into workers reaction in respect to organizational changes in a government
owned company (A case study of Anambra State Broadcasting Service, Awka (ABS).
The research was designed to look into what could happen when workers react to
any change embark upon by the management. Chapter one has the introduction of
the research work, background of the study, Historical statement of problems,
Significance of the study, Purpose of the study, Scope and Limitation of the
study. Related literature were also review as to enable the researcher have an
in depth study which will help him find solution to the problem. A good method
was used in Data collection, here questionnaires, interview and face to face
confrontation were used for data collection. The techniques used for data
collection was a Random Sampling techniques. All the data collected were
presented and analyzed in chapter four, discussion of findings, conclusion and
recommendation were made at the end of the work.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page i
Approval page ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgment iv
Abstract v
Table of contents vi
CHAPTER
ONE
1.0 Introduction
1
1.1 Background of the study 3
1.2 Statement of problems 5
1.3 Purpose of the study 6
1.4 Significance of the study 8
1.5 Research question 9
1.6 Scope/delimitation of study 10
1.7 Limitation of the study 10
1.8 Definition of terms 11
CHAPTER
TWO
2.1 Introduction
14
2.2 Degree
of organizational changes 19
2.3 Forces
that lead to changes 21
2.4 The
reason why people resist change 32
2.5
Tactics that can
be used in reducing employed
Worker
resistance to changes 35
2.6 The importance of organizational changes 38
CHAPTER
THREE
3.0 Research Design and methodology 42
3.1 Design of the study 43
3.2 Area of the study 43
3.3 Population of study 43
3.4 Sample size/sampling techniques 44
3.5 Instrument for data collection 45
3.6 Reliability and Validity of the instrument 46
3.7 Distribution and retrieval of instrument 46
3.8 Method of data analysis 47
CHAPTER
FOUR
4.0
Data
Presentation and Data Analysis 48
4.2 Discussion/Analysis
of Finding 57
CHAPTER
FIVE
5.0 Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations 60
5.1 Summary
of the finding 60
5.2 Conclusion 62
5.3 Recommendations 64
References 66
Appendix 68
Questionnaires 69
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Organizations
are formed when people come together to work as a team for a common goal. The
person that makes up this organizations are constituted into various levels of
authority and work is divided in line with the principle of division of labour
according to areas of individual’s specialization so as to reasonably actualize
the goals of the organization. For any organization to meet up with it’s
predetermine objectives, there should be that consciousness as to utilizing
effectively both the available human and material resource both the available
human and material resources that tends to exist within the organization.
The
human resources as a matter of fact have to be well integrated with the
principles and the objectives of the organization and proper machinery set in
place to ensure that the aims of the organization is actualize.
Organizational
changes comes as a result of the dynamic nature of the environment and the
resources their in. This changes within an organization may have negative or
positive effect on the productivity of the organization, that is to say that
the kind of changes to be embark upon before making such changes.
The
challenges the management face in organization changes is the reaction that may
come from the workers. This reactions may be positive or negative especially if
such change does not suit the workers in terms of their welfare.
It
is therefore on this development that a critical examination is carried out in
respect to this study to look into how workers react to organizational changes
by using Anambra Broadcasting Service, Awka (ABS) as a case study. It is also
aimed at looking into the relationship that exits between workers and their
relative organizational changes and recommendation made.
1.1 BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY
The
background of this study is centered on worker’s reaction to organizational
changes taken a look at Anambra Broadcasting Services, Awka (ABS) as a case
study.
Changes
within an organization come as a result of the same environmental antecedent as
it may have affected the organizational performance.
The
changes within an organization may have a negative or positive reaction from
workers. Workers react negatively to changes when such changes are detrimental
to their welfare.
It
becomes pertinent for the management to know the exact time and period to
effect a change and kind of change to embark upon. It will be equally of a
relief of tension from workers on the organization or management when the
workers are involved in the changes, and those affected by the changes
pre-informed.
It
is also in the background of this study that highlight is made on the need for
the management to put into consideration the economy of Nigeria as a country
before embarking on a most of these changes. Consideration should also be made
on the felling of workers on organizational changes and how best to manage
changes and workers reaction.
1.2 STATEMENT
OF THE PROBLEM
This
study is concern with workers reaction to organizational changes in a
government owned company taking a look at Anambra Broadcasting Service Awka
(ABS).
The
problem inherent in this study follows thus:
1.
Workers react to organizational changes
because most of those changes are detrimental to their welfare.
2.
Workers resist changes especially when
they are not pre-informed on the changes.
3.
In most case, the changes comes at the
time not favourable to worker’s hence making them show as sharp reaction.
4.
Poor implementation of changes has also
resulted to a sharp reaction from workers and this thereby has lead to poor
workers performance.
5.
The implication of workers reaction to
organizational operation and performance in negative.
6.
Workers are not involved to make
contributions towards organizational changes and this often time has made
workers show sharp reaction.
7.
The degree of worker reaction has been
struck action.
1.3 PURPOSE
OF THE STUDY
This
study intends to critically examine or investigate how organizational changes
can affect the workers in an organization especially in a government owned or
established companies taking a look at the Anambra broadcasting service, Awka
(ABS) as a case study.
And
also to look into the issues that could bring about changes within the
organization, either in its structure, policies, procedures or system. Changes
in an organization has a serious position hence it could have either a negative
or positive effect on the worker’s productivity.
More
so, to offer suggestions to the management policy making body on how best it
could utilize it’s talent in creating policies as at the time and period
needed. Have put to consideration have environmental factors that surrounds the
business premises and the Nigeria economy which may not be favourable to the
workers.
It
is also in the purpose or objective of this study to offer suggestion of how
organization should manage its workers by effectively utilizing the personnel
department.
And
to recommend the best way and time to effect changes within the organization
which may not permit a sharp and negative workers reaction.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
This
study is of a great significant to managers and administrators that work in a
firm.
The
study becomes a base for knowing the right time to embark on change and the
kind of changes to embark upon, have put to consideration workers or employees
welfare. The study also, could be use to assess the environmental factors that
may call for changes. So, it is necessary to know exactly the things that might
happen when changes occur in the organization, and to be able to handle workers
reaction, to such changes.
1.5 RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
Research
question are those questions ask in order to get answer to the research
problem; this research work lies in the following question:
1.
To what extent does workers reaction to
organizational changes have impact on the organizational level of operation?
2.
To what extent does the importance of
workers reaction to organizational changes result in poor performance?
3.
What organizational changes lead to
negative or positive reaction?
4.
How best can organizational changes be
managed?
1.6 SCOPE/DELIMITATION
OF THE STUDY
This
project is set out specifically to find out worker’s reaction to organizational
changes in government owned companies. The study therefore covered the Anambra
broadcasting service Awka (ABS) in Anambra State.
The
population sample in this work include: the workers, supervisors and the
employers.
1.7 LIMITATION
OF THE STUDY
Limitation
of the study simply emphasis on the problems faced in carrying the research
work. The discouraging factors encountered in the course of this study were
that of data collection. there are some difficulties in getting correct data
from the respondents. The respondents especially the officials were not ready
to release the relevant information need. Others exhibited a non-chalant
attitude towards the questionnaires distributed.
1.8 DEFINITION
OF TERMS
The
following are the relevant terms defined in this research work:
ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGES:
Brughter define organizational changes as a term that has various meanings.
To
him, organizational changes is used to refer to very changes in individual
belief, values and attitudes within an organization. at the other extreme, it
is applied in a holistic sense as a total shift in the objectives policies and
generate modes of operations.
ORGANIZATION:
An organization is a structure made up of two or more people who accept
co-ordinate direction to achieve certain goals. It can also be regarded as a
stable system of individuals who work together to achieve a common goal through
hierarchy of ranks and division of work.
ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE:
Forms and frame work within and organization through which such organization
operates are the organizational structure.
CHANGES:
Changes are plans tend to vary or alter the organization structure in a
systematic manner. It could be also mean moving from the known to the unknown.
PERCEPTION:
It is a process where by individuals in an organization express or interprets
their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment.
PRODUCTIVITY:
An organization ability to transfer inputs to output at the lowest cost of the
measure of production is the term productivity.
PERFORMANCE:
This aggregate result of the effort of workers towards achieving organizational
goals and objectives.
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