TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Propose
Table of
contents
CHAPTER ONE:
Introduction
1.1
Purpose of the study
1.2
Statement of the problem
1.3
Objective of the study
1.4
Scope of the study
1.5
Research question
1.6
Research
hypothesis
1.7
Limitation of the study
1.8
Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE
REVIEW
2.1
Budgetary control in a non profit organization
2.2
Background information
2.3
Mgt. And administration of budgetary control
2.4
Budget preparation
2.5
Budget implementation and control process
2.6
Reasons for production of a budgetary control system
2.7
Problems associated with the budgetary control system
2.8
Organization structure
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1
Research design
3.2
Area of the study
3.3
Population of the study
3.4
Sample and sampling procedure/ technique
3.5
Instrument for data collection
3.6
Validation of the instrument
3.7
Reliability of the instrument
3.8
Method of data collection
3.9
Method of data analysis
CHAPTER
FOUR
PRESENTATION OF DATA AND ANALYSIS
4.1
Presentation and analysis of data
4.2
Testing of hypothesis
4.3
Summary of result
4.4
Interpretation of results
CHAPTER FIVE SUMMARY/ CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION
5.1
Discussion of results and findings
5.2
Conclusion
5.3
Recommendation
5.4
Suggestions for further research
Bibliography.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The
essence of budgeting is to provide an essential element of control in an
organization in order to facilitate the
achievement of set objectives .The control process is the fundamental organization link
between the manager and the other people in an
organization in a non profit making organization output
various with the objective with which they were established. The objective of
public organization could be social and or development in nature
. however this does not means
that public organization can not make profit if government policy
changes to privatizing or
commercializing them. The main structural problem of these type of organization
is the sacrifice of the organization
profitability for social efficacy which must be achieved in research institute Badeggi falls into this
category.
With the use of budget as a
control tool, there is Ned for planning a the performance of an
organization. Planning as
defined by C.I.M.A is an the
establishment of objective and the
formulation evaluation and selection of the formulation of the policies
strategies tactics and action required
to achieve these objective, by planning activities in advance more economical
use is made of the organization resource and facilities and a
fairly accurate estimates of it s future resources requirement can be
determined.
One of the outstanding features
of budgetary control is that policy plans resource s and activities of the
organization are coordinated integrated
and controlled to achieve the desired objectives.
Budgetary control is a means of
providing some centralizing control where activities and also responsibilities
are decentralized.
It is also the use of budget
for assigning responsibilities planning and controlling performance and guiding
managerial and other activities of the firm towards the achievement of
organizational objectives. It involves, setting out clearly defined forgets of output , income and expenditure
for each section of the organization .Embodying these forgets of performance in
sectional divisional and departmental
budgets co0mpariing these budget standards with actual performance
.identifying deviations or variances from the budget and taking corrective
action or bringing performance in line with budget targets .this is because all
the heads of departments in the organization are involved in the preparation
and implementation of budgets, while management5 control the whole activities
of the organization.
Budgets are prepared as a result of committee work
.Each cmmittee constituting of representatives of various departments and
functions to be controlled .the heads of departments are responsible for the respective department
budget
Each executive or manager can
then fully appreciate his responsibilities ,as they are reflected in his
department budget .Any deviation of the actual result from the estimate
and forecast are traced back to the
department head or manager.
1.1 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
Most of the non_ profit making
organization in Nigeria are governmental
in nature, this is because they are mainly set up for social and developmental
purposes, this usually leads to a poor planning and control measures. The
purpose of this study is to critically analyze the budgetary control system as
a planning tool in non_ profit making organization using National cereals Research
institute as a case study. This research work intend to bring about
clearer understanding of the need for an effective and efficient budgetary
control in a nonprofit making
organization which will also be of
benefit to other similar
Organization leading to an
improvement in government owned organization budgetary control system.
1. 2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
public sector and other nonprofit making organization are
often noted for inefficiencies and poor
management, which is as a result of poor
planning through repetitive budgeting. Recent studies in the area of
budget and resources allocation have shown lack of proper analysis. There is a
general lack of the concept of why we have a budget at all. This issue calls
for immediate investigation of budgeting
as a tool for resources planning and performance control and to recommend how
it can function properly.
1.3. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The
main objective to be achieved from
this research work is that, it will; serve as a means of measuring the output
or the work performed and to compare it with the cost of input. This comparison
provides a basis for indicating efficiency and effectiveness.
The process of comparing actual results
with planned and evaluating variance if any set a control frame works which
help expenditure to be kept within an agreed limit. If this deviations are noted, so that action
can be taken to correct this in the future.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The study intend to cover budgetary
control as it affect National cereals Research institutes {N.C.R I} . it
will examine its budgeting control as a
measure of performance.
1.5
RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
The followings
are the research questions of the study.
i.
Is budgetary control effectiveness and efficiency facilitated
by the role of government?
ii.
Is the effectiveness and efficiency of budgetary
control dependent on the provision of basic infrastructures?
iii.
Is budgetary control the hallmark for development of
the economy
1.6 RESEARCH
HYPOTHESIS
The
under listed hypothesis from the framework for carrying out the study
HO:
Budgetary control effective and it s
efficiency is not facilitated by the financing inducing role of government.
HI:
Budgetary control effectiveness and its efficiency is facilitated by the
financial inducing role of government
HO:
Effectiveness and efficiency of budgetary control does not depend excessively
on the provision of basic infrastructures .
H1:
Effectiveness and efficiency of budgetary control expends excessively on the
provision of basic infrastructures.
HO:
Budgetary control are not the hallmark for development of the economy
H1:
Budgetary control are the hallmark for development of the economy.
1.7
LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The
constraints include:
Time
factor, the period within which the research work is expected to be completed
is rather two short for any meaningful work to be done.
financial difficulty, considering the bad economy
situation in the country, effort to have
sufficient research material to be able to write extensively on the
Subject matter proves abortive.
LACK OF ADEQUATE RESEARCH MATERIAL
Many
libraries visited offered little help as regard text books for the project.
POOR RESPONSE FROM THE EMPLOYEES
The employees are unable to disclose some
information about the company which made some difficulty in writing the
research work.
1.8
DEFINITION
OF TERMS
Actual Performance
– Is the real facts on how well or badly the targeted objective was achieved.
Budget – Is
a statement showing how money will be spent over a period of time.
Critical
– Expressing disapproval
on the expected performance.
Efficacy
– The ability to produce
Effectiveness
– Ability to produce the intended or
actual result being
efficacious and efficient.
Evaluation
– Finding out or stating the value of something.
Forecast - To
budget in advance what is likely to happen
HO
- Null
hypothesis
H1
- Alternative hypothesis Alternative
hypothesis is what the researcher
thinks
most of the respondent will agree with in relation to the research problem or
the true description of the phenomena. Null hypothesis is not and the opposite.
Hallmark –
Mark to indicate standard.
Inducing –
Persuade, bring in labour
Planning –
Is the act or process of intending to
achieve an objective in advance.
Variance –
Is the amount which brings difference between the actual and the budgeted.
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