TABLE OF CONTENT
Title
Page- - - - - - - - - i
Certification-
- - - - - - - iii
Dedication- - - - - - - - - iv
Acknowledgement- - - - - - - v
Abstract- - - - - - - - - viii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
Background
to the Study- - - - - - 1
Statement
of problem- - - - - - - 3
Purpose
of the Study- - - - - - - 4
Research
Questions- - - - - - - 4
Scope
of the Study- - - - - - - 4
Limitation
of the Study - - - - - - 5
Significance
of the Study - - - - - - 5
Definition
of Terms- - - - - - - - 5
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE
Concept of drug use and
drug abuse- - - - - - 6
Drug use among
undergraduates of Ambrose Alli University- - 7
Peer influence and
undergraduate drug use - - - - - 8
Drugs commonly abused
by undergraduates- - - - - 9
The nature and
prevalence of drug use among undergraduates- - 15
The effects of drug use
and abuse on undergraduates of universities in Nigeria
-
- - - - - - - - - 16
Summary of literature
review - - - - - - 20
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY
Research
Design of the study - - - - - - 21
Population
of the study- - - - - - - 21
Sample
and Sampling Technique- - - - - - 22
Research
Instrument- - - - - - - - 22
Validity
- - - - - - - - - 22
Reliability
Method of Data Collection - - - - - 23
Method
of Data analysis - - - - - - - 24
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
OF FINDINGS
Discussion
of Findings - - - - - - 25
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary - - - - - - - - 33
Conclusion- - - - - - - - - 34
Recommendations
- - - - - - - - 34
REFERENCES- - - - - - - - 36
Appendix- - - - - - - - - 38
ABSTRACT
This study was undertaken to investigate
the use and abuse of drugs among male undergraduate students in Ambrose Alli
University Ekpoma, Edo State. Questionnaires were designed to elicit
information which served as the basis for empirical assessment of the various
research questions of the study. A simple percentage was used for the analysis
of the data supplied in the questionnaire. The responses of the students to the
items in the questionnaire were coded and analyzed in the tables using simple
percentage. From the investigation, it was found that the commonly abused drugs
were alcohol, Indian hemp, cocaine, amphetamine and Chinese capsule. The total
sample used was one hundred and fifty (100) respondents comprising of male
undergraduates from the faculty of education in Ambrose Alli University,
Ekpoma. It was also revealed that most students use drugs for fun, excitement
and competition (sports). It was also
discovered that the problem of drug abuse was more prevalent among the male
students. The following recommendations were made by the researcher: As a way
of discouraging students from involving in drug abuse, parents should be at
alert to their responsibilities in the early moral upbringing of their
children. Students should be made aware of the danger facing drug abuse by
organizing seminars. There should be guidance and counseling unit in the
schools to help the young develop a strong will to cope with their problems and
not to resort to drugs.
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
The use of drugs dates back into the pre-history of
man. Such drugs were used to relieve
pain or cure and control diseases (Curew & Dibal, 2013). Drugs as defined by the World Health Organization
(2012) is any substance which taken by living organisms may modify the
functions of living organism. The
National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC, 2011),
stated that situations of ill-health provide the compelling need for drugs that
is in order to modify the functions of the body and restore it to life. However, the major issue with drugs is not in
its use for curative purposes but in the abuse and misuse of these drugs especially
when these drugs are psychoactive drugs. Self medication has
been on the increase in recent years due to certain factors such as increase in
the cost of professional medical services, poor quality of health care system
at the community level and, at worse, a total lack of access to public health
care facilities. According to the joint statement by the International
Pharmaceutical Federation & World Self-medication Industry, self medication
is the use of non-prescription medicines by people on their own initiative.
The consumption level of hard drugs has risen sharply in
Nigeria within the last two decades.
Such drugs like heroine, cocaine, cannabis and even alcohol have in
recent times become so easily accessible by individuals. Of more concern is the
high prevalence of the use of these drugs among adolescents. Adolescents use drugs for several reasons
among which are, for experimentation, mere fun and excitement, peer pressure,
to get over depression and other psychological problems, etc.
According to the World Drug report (2005), the use of
illicit drug has ever been on the increase over the years. One of the most
common consequences of drug abuse is keeping up with academic responsibilities.
The National Institute on Alcohol and Alcoholism, (2013) reported that in the
United States, 25% of students experience difficulty in academics due to drug
use. Such difficulties include earning low grades, missing classes and falling
behind in overall academic performance. Even students who do not use drugs may
suffer academically as a result of their peers taking drugs. The, so called,
secondary effects of drugs include taking care of friends on drugs and being
victims of assault which can affect school work of students who do not use
drugs. These consequences can have dramatic end results. Schools administrations
report that significant number of students who drop out of school, do so
because drugs interfere with their academics. Drug use and its effect on
students performance can lead to a decline in the overall academic performance
of a school as a result schools may face declining retention rates and poor
reputation. Schools with reputation of drug use may attract students who engage
in high-risk behaviors and may discourage prospective students who are looking
for an academically vigorous institution.
Drug abuse occurs among all class of Nigerians; hence it is
a social problem. Drug abuse leads to drug addiction. That is having the desire
to continue taking the drug either to experience its effects or to avoid
discomfort. Drug abuse has led to increasing and unabated cases of violence in
sports councils, fatal accidents and other form of crime. This always resulted
in low athletic performance among students.
Edo state is very large with different public and private
schools, these schools have so many students who might have been influenced by
various social problems that have eaten into the fabric of the society. This
may bring favorable or unfavorable influence on youth performances.
Therefore the diversified nature of the population of the
schools will enable us ascertain the reasons for drug abuse ,the effects of
drug abuse on the health of youths, and suggest ways to minimize these problem
of drug abuse.
1.2 Statement of Problems
The
use of hard drugs including alcohol and cigarette is a major source of health
and psychological problems among adults and young people in both developed and
developing countries, including Nigeria.
It is generally believed that most people who use these substances often
begin at an early age and may continue throughout life.
Despite hazards and other implications of drug
use and use of these substances among young people, this study therefore seeks
to find out the factors that contribute to this and proffer solution to address
these issues. However, the use of these drugs among young people has so much
effect on individuals, families and the society at large. The problems range from social,
psychological, economical and even political problems. The continuous rise in abuse
of drugs is becoming alarming and if not checked, could lead to total moral
degradation of the society. It is in response to this negative trend of drug
use and abuse that the researcher has decided to embark on this study. This
paper therefore seeks to find out the reasons for drug use among male
undergraduate students in Ambrose Alli University Ekpoma, Edo State and the
perception of the effects of these drugs on the health and academic performance
of students.
1.3
Purpose of Study
The purpose of this study is to
investigate the use and abuse of drugs among male undergraduate students in
Ambrose Alli University Ekpoma, Edo State. Specifically the study intends to:
·
Identify
the most commonly abused substances and the factors that contribute to the use
of these substances.
Find out the knowledge and
perception of the health risk and other implications of drug use among
undergraduates
1.4 Research Questions
Ø What substances are commonly abused
by male undergraduates in faculty of education?
Ø What factors influence the use of
drugs among male undergraduates in faculty of education in Ambrose Alli
University?
Ø Does awareness of health risk
associated with hard drugs influence its use by undergraduates in the faculty
of education?
Ø Does awareness of the health
implications of drug abuse discourage student’s usage in the faculty of
education?
1.5 Significance of the Study
It
is expected that this study will make the following contributions to the
advancement of drug use and abuse especially among young people.
It
will provide necessary information and create awareness on the extent of drug
use among students. This will help parents; teachers and indeed all
stakeholders to plan intervention programs that will help solve the problem of
drug use in the society. It is also
expected to educate students on the implications of drug use and thus prompt
them to make informed decisions on drug use.
1.6 Scope of Study
This
study limits itself to investigating the use and abuse of drugs among male
undergraduate students in faculty of education Ambrose Alli University Ekpoma,
Edo State
1.7 Limitations
The researcher will encounter some
problems in the course of this study.
These problems include lack of sufficient time and financial
constraints. There was also difficulty
in eliciting information from the students on drug abuse. Failure, of
respondents to return all administered questionnaire, and Irregular completion of the questionnaires which may lead to
rejection
1.8 Operational definition of terms
Ø Drugs: a substance used to treat an
illness, or modify a chemical process in the body for a specific purpose. A
chemical or substance, not necessarily for medical purposes which alters the
way the mind or body works.
Ø Undergraduate: A
student who is currently undergoing academic training in the university and is
yet to receive a degree award.
Ø Peer pressure:
A strong feeling that you must do the same things as other people of young age
if you want them to like you.
Ø Hard
drug: A strong,
usually illegal substance which is likely to cause addiction.
Ø Drug
misuse/abuse:
Drug misuse is when a prescribed drug is used for a purpose other than that for
which it was prescribed. Drug abuse on the other hand is taking drugs without
prescription.
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