ABSTRACT
This research work was made to discover how workers perceive retirement
and its implication for productivity using Federal Polytechnic, Oko as a case
study. The case study is an institution of higher learning. It was established
in 1992 through the collective effort of the community. It is located in Orumba
North Local Government Area in Anambra State. The institution comprises of
academic, non-academic and junior staff. This research work is intended to see
whether it has anything to do with the way workers discharge their duties, if
it is affecting them negatively to suggest possible ways that will help in
correction of mistakes. Moreover, the study used one thousand, four hundred and
three (1, 403) workers of which five hundred and twenty-one (521) was sampled
out using a simple random sampling technique. Furthermore, questionnaire was
used in obtaining the information for analysis. Finally, the result of the
research showed that workers have started perceiving the retirement policy more
positively especially the staff in Federal Polytechnic, Oko. Also, provisions
were made to provide pre-retirement programmes to the staff. In order to equip
them and make them to adopt to the dynamic world when they eventually leaves
the work force. They were also encouraged to invest in a lucrative business
while still in active service.
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
Title Page - - - - - - i
Approval Page -- - - - ii
Dedication - - -- - - - iii
Acknowledgements - - - iv
Abstract - - - - - - vi
Table of Contents - - - - vi
List of Tables - - - - - x
CHAPTER
ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
of the Study - - - - 1
1.2 Statement
of the Problem - - 3
1.3 Objectives
of the Study - - - 4
1.4 Research
Questions - - - - 5
1.5 Theoretical
Framework - - - 6
1.5 Significance
of the Study - - - 7
1.6 Scope
of the Study - - - 8
1.7 Limitation
of the Study - - - 9
1.7 Definition
of Terms - - - - 10
CHAPTER
TWO
2.0 REVIEW
OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Workers
Perception of Retirement and Their Productivity
-13
2.2 Workers
Pre-retirement and Post-retirement Policy - 15
2.3 Workers
View about Retirement and Its Policy - - 20
2.4 Summary
of Literature Review - - - - - 24
CHAPTER
THREE
3.0 RESEARCH
DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
3.1 Design
of the Study - - - 26
3.2 Area
of the Study - - - - - - - 27
3.3 Population
of the Study - - - - - -
3.4 Sample
of the Study - - - - - -
3.5 Instrument
for Data Collection - - - -
3.6 Reliability
and Validity of the Instrument - - 29
3.7 Distribution
and Retrieval of Instrument - - 29
3.8 Method
of Data Analysis - - - - - 30
CHAPTER
FOUR
4.0 PRESENTATION
PRESENTATION
CHAPTER
FIVE
5.0 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
- - - - - 38
5.2 Conclusion - - - - - 40
5.3 Recommendations - - - - 41
REFERENCES - - - 44
APPENDIX - - - - - 46
APPENDIX B - - - - - 47
LIST OF
TABLE
Table I: Number
of Tables Distributed, Collected and Lost 30
Table II: Showing
the Effect of Workers Perception of
Retirement on
their Productivity - 33
Table III: Showing the Extent in which Workers
Post-
Retirement
and Pre-retirement Policy in Nigeria
is been
Implemented - - - 35
Table IV: Showing
Workers View about Retirement and
Its Policy - - - 36
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 Background of the Study
Federal
Polytechnic Oko is an institution of higher learning situated within Oko town
in Orumba North Local Government Area in Anambra State. The institution was the
brain child of Oko Progressive Union (OPU) that was headed by its chairman,
former Executive Vice President of Federal Republic of Nigeria, Dr. Alex
Ekwueme, Ide of Aguata in 1979. The institution was approved by the then
Anambra State Government and designated as College of Arts and Science designed
to prepare candidates for General Certificate of Education (GCE) Examination
both at ordinary and advanced levels. The school went on like this for some
time, but on June 28, 1980, the institution was upgraded to the status of
College of Arts, Science and Technology. The college was formalized as the
Anambra State Polytechnic, Oko through edict No 12 of 1985.
In 1992, the Federal Government of
Nigeria under the leadership of Chief Ernest Shonekon, head of the transition
government and the Anambra State Governor, Dr. Chukwuemeka Ezeife (Okwudike)
and the Minister of Education, Prof. Ben Nwabueze, changed the school into a
federal school called, Federal Polytechnic, Oko, Anambra State.
Workers perception of retirement and its
implications on productivity (A Study of Federal Polytechnic, Oko) was seen as
an important issue which research must be carried out on because of the way
various workers are viewing it (retirement).
In section (4) (1) of the pension
decree, the statutory age of retirement for public service is 60 years.
Judicial officers and academic staff of universities retires at the age of 70
and 65 years respectively. However, the civil service re-organization decree
No. 43 of 1998 added the modification that officers should now retire from
service on attaining the age of 60 or 35 years whichever comes first. The
qualifying service of 10 years is for pension. It is also aimed at discovering
how retirement affects the level of production in the institution to know if
the perception has anything to do with the way in which workers put in their
best or work in the institution. It also aimed at knowing if it has anything to
do within the level of production to look for an alternative for amendment and
work towards correcting those abnormalities made in the past.
1.1 Statement
of the Problem
Fixed
retirement age have been fixed and implemented in countries like Nigeria and
United State of American. In Nigeria, a person is to retire if he/she has
attained the age of 60 years and 70 years for judicial officers, yet, when a
person is getting due for retirement, the person still feels bad. Then, when
they finally retire, they may not afford to take care of themselves talk more
of their family.
People detest going for retirement
because of fear of how to fit into the society, meet their family financial
needs and still live up to expected. This is because of non-payment of pension
and at times may be delayed or paid half due to the corruption nature of our
leaders and Nigeria non-implementation of policy and inconsistency. This makes
the workers to manipulate their ways to any level when they are still on sit
and enrich themselves and even when they cannot work again, giving room to
unproductivity in the institution.
1.2 Objectives
of the Study
Despite the fact that few studies have
been carried out on retirement, the research work would find out more on how
workers would perceive retirement policy in Nigeria.
The
main purpose of this research work is to investigate how workers perceive
retirement ant its implication on productivity and if their perception would
affect their productivity level in their place of work. Other objectives
include:
i.
To find out the various pre-retirement
and post-retirement programmes available to workers.
ii.
To find out how the workers perceives
the retirement policy in Nigeria.
iii.
To find out how the existing retirement
policy will change and enhance workers perception on productivity. This
especially concerning the staff of Federal Polytechnic, Oko where the
perception would have an effect on workers’ productivity either positively or
negatively.
1.3 Research
Questions
The following research questions are
going to guide our study:
i.
To what extent has the workers’
pre-retirement and post-retirement policy in Nigeria been implemented?
ii.
To what extent has the workers’
perception of retirement affected their productivity?
iii.
How do Nigeria workers view retirement
and its policy?
1.4 Theoretical
Framework
This research work is anchored on
behavioural modification theory by B.F. Skinner who believed that all behaviour
can be shaped and managed so as to achieve a potentially ideal individual in a
potentially idea society. This theory is based on the law of effect on the
principles that, if behaviour is reinforced, the chances that it will repeat
are high. The theory calls for positive reinforcement of desired behaviour.
B.F. Skinner (1954) believed that the
best way to modify behaviour was to modify environment. The closer position
reinforcement
follows desired behaviour, the more likely it will occur. At all level of an
organization, the way the workers perceives the retirement policy at their
working place will definitely affect the way they put in their best into the
organization towards the realization of the organizational goal. Researchers
has shown that positive reinforcement is more effective than negative one in
achieving lasting changes in behaviour. The Nigeria government should ensure
that the workers at both federal and state, even local government gets all the
titles due to them while at work so as to enable them to be honest in their
duties and put in their best so as to achieve efficiency and productivity.
1.5 Significance
of the Study
The study is very important as it would
clarify the various misconception associated with policy of retirement.
The study would provide information for
modifying the retirement policy and also for modification of already existing
pre-retirement programmes for Nigeria workers.
The programme and policies if modified
will bring a sense of belonging to those workers that are concerned. It will
also help Nigeria workers to view retirement in the right direction.
Finally, the study will provide basis
for the modification of organizational goals set in the organization for the
welfare of both the workers and eth organization.
1.6 Scope
of the Study
The study on workers’ perception of
retirement and its implication on productivity will be limited at Federal
Polytechnic, Oko in Orumba North Local Government in Anambra State among the
academic, non-academic and junior staff of the institution.
1.7 Limitation
of the Study
In this research work, efforts were made
to cover such areas that are necessary like examining the minds of the workers
and those retirees.
In the cause of the research, there was
a great deal of shortcomings starting from both nature of the research and the
stock of available information.
Finance
constituted a major set-back in carrying out the research work. The cost of
transportation to those retirees various destination coupled with other
expenses.
This study became a success because the
researcher was able to visualize and gather information from available sources
she could lay her hand on, also with little money with her and contributions
from siblings, then she was able to browse and get much more information than
expected and part of the money was used by the researcher for transportation.
1.8 Definition
of Terms
i.
Retirement:
It
means cessation from active work having reached the retirement age set out by
the employees.
ii.
Pension:
It
is earning payable at a regular interval to someone who retired from a
pensionable employment.
iii.
Productivity:
It
means workers output as a result of what they put into the job. The efficiency
with which things are done or produced.
iv.
Work:
This
is the process of expanding energy in order to yield something tangible.
v.
Retirement
policy:
Is
a law made by the government on the rules guiding retirement of workers.
Retirement
policy states that a worker at sixty years or a worker who has worked for
thirty-five years should disengage from pensionable employment.
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