ABSTRACT
This research
was on the Role of Public Relations in Crisis Management, a case study of the
Etiti Ihitte-Uboma, L.G.A. of Imo
State. Crisis is a
necessary evil, a sine quo non. This was so because in the process to satisfy
needs, people and organizations engaged in different activities and as a result
crisis emerged. These crises that emerged posed a lot of problems to the
society. The objective of this research was to investigate the cause of crises
and examine the Roles of Public
Relations in Crisis Management in Nigeria. This research used both
primary and secondary sources of data collection and population of the study
was 9,010 and sample size was 383 chi-square test of independence were used to
test the hypotheses as survey method was an ideal for a good research like
this. Included in the findings were
that unemployment, land disputes, intolerance and lack of application of public
relations strategies cause crises among others like improper demarcation of
land boundaries, regular surveillance and tolerance among communities. The
research recommends that this crises should be carried out through public
relations enlightenment programmes.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
Approval page i
Dedication ii
Acknowledgments iii
Table of
contents vi
Abstract v
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
of the study 1
1.2 Statement
of problem 1
1.3 Objective
of the study 2
1.4 Research
questions 2
1.5 Research
hypotheses 3
1.6 Significance of the study 3
1.7 Scope
/ delimitation of the study 4
1.8 Limitation
of the study 4
1.9 Definition
of terms 4
References 7
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Sources of literature 8
2.2 Review
of related literature 8
2.3. Theoretical
framework 28
2.4 Summary
of literature 29
References 30
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research
design 31
3.2 Area
of study 31
3.3 Population
of the study 31
3.4 Sample
size determination 31
3.5 Sample
size 33
3.6 Research
sample and sampling technique 33
3.7 Instrument
for data collection 33
3.8 Validity
of the Instrument 33
3.9 Reliability
of instrument 34
3.10 Method of data collection or administration
of instrument 34
3.11 Method
of data analysis 34
References 36
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND
PRESENTATION
4.1 Distribution
and return of questionnaire 37
4.2 Data
analysis 40
4.3 Test
of hypotheses 49
4.4 Answer
to research question 54
4.5 Discussion
on findings 55
References 56
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY RECONIMENDATIONS
AND CONCLUSION
5.1 Summary 57
5.2 Discussion of
findings 58
5.3 Recommendations 59
5.4 For further
studies 61
5.5 Conclusion 61
References 63
Bibliography 64
Appendixes
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Crisis
emerged in the universe right from the beginning of man and has remain a
reoccurring variable or decimal but not without effects.
Man’s
interaction with the environment coupled with the sophistication of the present
age, survival of the fittest has become a since-quo-non. Thus, people get
involved in many activities with the prime objective to satisfy their basic or
primary needs (psychological and safety) and secondary needs (social, esteem
and self fulfillment).
In
the process to achieve these need, crisis always emerge either between employee
and employees and the management of an organization.
On
the other hand organization and groups strive to win a bigger shame of the
market as to make profit than rivals which will result in intensive.
Competition and finally to crisis. Communities due to interest will engage in
crisis. Crisis is a necessary evil with us.
Presently,
hardly is there any day without news of crisis from our media whether religion,
political or industrial crisis. Of a truth, crisis has been with us for centuries
but the spate of current violent crisis in organization government and
communities portent great anger and threaten the growth and stability of the
mention areas and the society in general.
This
situation requires appropriate measures and structures to manage properly these
evil called crisis.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
From the above background, its obivious
that crisis is a negative element that is highly unwelcomed. Crisis deaccelerate
growth and brings instability in the polity, it bring about unhealthy
competition, destruction of life and property as well as lost of life. This
development is critical as foreign and domestic investors will be skeptical
that theirs huge investment would be safe, fear and insecure as well as lack of
trust and confidence will prevail.
Thus,
for the continuity of development, the country to be guaranted, the need for
public relations roles in management of crisis can not be over stated
emphasized.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The nucleus objective of this
research is to investigate how to manage and possibly reduce the frequency and
channel crisis to a more productive activity, to promote development in the
society.
Specifically
the research objectives include:
i)
To
trace the causes of crisis
ii)
To
examine the previous methods that will be employed of crisis on the society.
iii)
To
explain why there have been unsuccessful management of crisis.
iv)
To
offer suggested solutions on how to handle crisis.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
This study will benefit many
co-operate organizations and government officials in crisis management as few
work have been done on the subject. Also it will serves as a starting point for
other researchers who will be interested in the subject of this research, it
will also be beneficial to communities and public relations experts as more
knowledge has been gained from the research.
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The
researcher has mapped out vital research questions which need to be answered as
follows:
1)
Does
public relations strategies play a significant role in crisis management?
2)
Do
land disputes cause crisis among communities?
3)
Do
intolerance among ethnic groups cause crisis?
4)
Do
crisis among ethnic groups in the country discourage foreign direct investment?
1.6 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
The following hypotheses were
formulated by the researcher to validate or investigate the research problem.
H1: Government and multinational companies in
ability to create employment opportunities do not cause crisis.
H0: Government and multinationals companies in
ability to create employment opportunities does not cause crisis.
H1: Crisis do discourage investment in the
country.
H0: Crisis does not discourages investment in
the country.
1.7 SCOPE / DELIMITATION OF THE
STUDY
The scope of this study covers, Etiti
Ihitte-Uboma local government area of Imo State
and specifically discuss causes of crisis and the activities of corporate
organization on crisis issues and the role of public relations in crisis
management.
1.8 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This
researcher faced some obstacles in the course of gathering data, among the
barriers were that few works have been done on the subject matter. Thus, few
interactive existed.
Also,
the unwillingness of some respondents and government officials to provide
information was another problem. Finally the financial constraints made it
difficult for the researcher to reach a wider public at the time frame too
short.
1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS
The meaning of key words that
constitute the research problem and some key words that may be used frequently
in course of this research work will be defined as sub-headings to ensure
proper and easy understanding of the study.
The
following salient concepts have been conceptually defined for the study.
COMMUNICATION:
James (1990), defined communication
as the channels and visual aids against enemy or unfriendly, interception for intelligence
purpose.
It
is the medium through which relationship are established, extended and
maintained.
Chappen
et’al (1984), explained it to be army means by which a thought is transferred.
Eyre
(1983), defined communication as the transferring of a message to another part
so that it can be understood and acted upon.
CRISIS:
Nwosu (1996) defined crisis as an
unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty. Any life can take on crisis
proportion, if it is experienced as sudden intense unexpected, it is also
emotionally.
CRISIS MANAGEMENT:
Black
(1991), defined crisis management as the process by which organization deals
with any major unpredictable event that threatens to harm the organization, it
is responding to unforeseen circumstance with no time to plan ahead.
MANAGEMENT:
Weihrich (1994), opted management as
the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individual
working together in groups efficiently accomplish selected aims through
planning, organizing, staffing, leading and controlling.
PUBLIC RELATIONS:
Frank (1987), also defined public relations
as the forms of planned communication outward or inward between an organization
and it’s public for the purpose of achieving specific objective concerning
mutual understanding.
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