ABSTRACT
This project work focused on the
relationship between drug abuse and tone of discipline in secondary schools in
Owa East Local Government Area of Edo State.
In order to achieve an organized and
peaceful school environment and maintain law and order in our society, the
place of discipline among students in our secondary schools cannot be over
emphasized. It is also necessary to
direct students to exhibit acceptable attitude and behavior within and outside
the school. It was discovered in this research
work that to be able to curb the menace of drug abuse in the society, teachers,
parents/guardians, school administrator and the government at all levels have a
role to play.
A survey research design was used in
the execution of this research study.
Questionnaire was administered to elicit data from respondents.
I was revealed by this study that
discipline in school enhances effective teaching and learning processes. It was also revealed that drug abuse among
secondary school students is a result of drug culture created by parents. As it is commonly believed that children will
always emulate the example set for them by their parents. A child whose parents smoke or drink alcohol
will definitely drink and smoke because his/her parents do. Therefore, parents should endeavour to set a
good example for their children to emulate.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract vi
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
Background to
the Study 1
Statement of the
Problem 9
Research
Questions 9
Hypotheses 10
Objectives of
the Study 10
Significance of
the Study 11
Delimitation of
the Study 12
Limitation of
the Study 13
Definition of
Terms 13
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Overview of Drug
Abuse 16
Types of Drug 20
Causes of Drug
Abuse 23
Effects of Drug
Abuse 25
Symptoms of Drug
Abuse 27
Strategies for
Controlling Drug Abuse 28
Overview of Tone
of Discipline 29
The Role of Government in
Enforcing Discipline in
Secondary
Schools 36
The Role of
Parents/Guardians in Enforcing Discipline 37
The Role of the
Teacher in Administering Discipline 38
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY
Research Design 41
Population 42
Sample and Sampling
Procedure 43
Questionnaire 43
Administration
of Instrument 44
CHAPTER FOUR
Presentation and
Analysis of Data 45
Discussion of
Findings 59
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary 63
Conclusion 65
Recommendations 66
References 69
Appendixes 70
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study
From independence, the secondary
school system of education in Nigeria experienced a high level of discipline. The attitudes and behavior of secondary
school students was worthy of emulation.
In recent times, the high level of
discipline experienced in our secondary school system has drastically declined
resulting in all kinds of social vices including drug abuse. That is the reason the researcher has decided
to find out the relationship between drug abuse and tone of discipline in
secondary schools in Owan East Local Government Area of Edo State.
The importance of discipline in our
secondary schools cannot be over-emphasized.
Students are priceless assets and most essential elements in
education. It is absolutely necessary to
direct students to exhibit acceptable attitude and behavior within and outside
the school.
In an attempt to achieve an organized
and peaceful school environment and maintain law and order, government and
school management specify rules and regulations to guide the activities of
students in the school.
Schools’ indiscipline seems to be
ubiquitous in the 21st century in Nigeria. Students’ discipline is a part of
socialization. With recent increase in
school enrolment, students discipline problems are bound to accentuate and
cause more burdens on school administrators.
Teachers and school heads are equally
expected to discharge their duties and responsibility in the context of the
laws, rules and regulations. The
education system in general is a productive undertaking with inputs process,
outputs and objectives. The processing
of the inputs is aimed at producing outputs which reflect the attainment of the
objectives for which the school was set up.
The harmonious interaction of teachers and students is very important
for the successful realization of the goals and purposes of education based on
National Policy on Education.
What then is discipline?
Imaguezor (1997) sees discipline as a
process of training and learning that fosters growth and development with laid
down rules of the society to which all members must conform, and the violation
of which are questionable and also punished.
The aim of discipline is to help the individual to be well adjusted,
happy and useful to himself and to the society.
To be discipline means to instruct a person to follow a particular code
of conduct that is acceptable to the society.
Discipline, according to Jemibewon
(1976) is a highly desirable quality of human being or social group. Disciplined behavior is accepted as essential
characteristics of any educated or cultured persons. Discipline, therefore, is a subject of great
concern to parents, teachers and administrators who are interested in the
moulding of the character of students in the secondary school system.
In Nigeria, there appears to be a
great concern about the lack of discipline in our schools. However, the problem of widespread indiscipline
among primary school pupils and secondary school students is clearly noticed.
Every year serious cases of rioting, arson, and damages to school property
occur in many schools. IN spite of the
extreme cases of indiscipline that attract newspapers headlines, there are
routine cases of truancy, disobedience, absenteeism, drug abuse, fighting and
other examples of indiscipline in the classroom which do not appear or are not
reported in newspapers. Indiscipline
among students in the secondary schools has attracted much attention from
parents who blame teachers for the indiscipline among school pupils and
students, from teachers who blame the parents for not playing their roles as
pares and also government and school administrators for improper legislation
and enforcement of school rules and regulations.
Nigeria, like every other nation wants
to live in peace and harmony with her fellow country people regardless of their
various ethnic groups and religious affiliation. Today, education has contributed and
attracted increased government’s attention among other priorities. If education will continue to attract
government attention, then, discipline must be maintained in our secondary
schools and the school system in general since learning and teaching cannot
effectively take place under a threatened atmosphere.
Today, acts of indiscipline: riot,
vandalism, lawlessness and the breakdown of law and order has become a way of
life of our present school system. What
then could be responsible for these acts of indiscipline in our school system?
World Health Organization (WHO, 1980)
expert committee on drug dependence defined drug abuse as “a state psychic and
sometimes also physical resulting from the interaction between a drug and a
living organism characterized by behavioural and other responses that always
include a compulsion to take the drug on a continuous or periodic basis in how
to experience its psychic effects and sometimes to avoid discomfort of its
absence, tolerance may be dependent on more than one drug. There may be physiological changes produced
in the body as a result of continued consumption of a particular drug.
Reports on Public Health Technical
Report Series (1982) defined drug as substance which act on a person central
nervous system to produce change in sensations, mood and perception, such drugs
need not have any recognized medical value but the changes they induce are
usually at the early state of pleasurable use.
Generally, drug abuse can be said to
be the use of any drug usually self administered, in a way that deviates from
the approved medical, social or cultural pattern, drug abuse and use especially
among secondary school students can prevent the building of a useful and
successful life. That is, it may lead to
giving up from an historical perspective, the drug abuse scale in Nigeria
continues to change.
Drug abuse has specific effects on the
brain, it can somewhat vary depending on the drug that is being used, virtually
every drug that is abused has an effect on the executive functioning areas of
the brain. Drug abuse particularly
affects the brain’s ability to inhibit actions that the person would otherwise
delay or prevent.
This study will unveil the
relationship between drug abuse and the tone of discipline in secondary
schools, how inappropriate administration of discipline or lack of discipline
or laisser-faire attitude on the part of both parents and teachers is the root
cause of drug abuse in secondary schools.
Statement of the Problem
The problem is the relationship
between drug abuse and tone of discipline in secondary schools in Owan East
Local Government Area of Edo State. This
study is to identify the students’ discipline problems such as truancy,
stealing, fighting, drug abuse and other social vices. The factors responsible for these
indiscipline acts and how to remedy its negative effect on the school and the
society.
Research Questions
1.
Is drug abuse and tone of discipline correlated?
2.
Is teachers’ job dissatisfaction and tone of
discipline correlated?
3.
Is peer group influence and drug abuse
correlated?
4.
Is the inconsistent enforcement of discipline
and drug abuse correlated?
Hypotheses
1.
There is no significant difference between drug
abuse and tone of discipline in secondary schools.
2.
There is no significant difference between
teacher’s job dissatisfaction and tone of discipline in secondary schools.
3.
There is no significant difference between peer
group influence and drug abuse.
4.
There is no significant difference between the
inconsistent enforcement of discipline and drug abuse.
Objectives of the Study
The purpose of this study is to find
out the relationship between drug abuse and the tone of discipline in secondary
schools in Owan East Local Government
Area of Edo State.
The study is therefore expected to
sample the opinion of teachers and students about drug abuse and tone of
discipline. The study will also
find out the different types of drugs that are being abused.
This study will also look at the tone
of discipline in secondary schools today and the tone of discipline in
secondary schools in the last few decades, why the differences if there are.
Significance of the Study
It is hoped that this research work
will help students to build their personality and also the outcome of this
research is expected to be of immense help to the students, teachers,
parents/guardians and the entire local government at large.
The findings of this research work
will be useful to the Ministry of Education in Owan East Local Government Area
on how to improve on the present way of enlightenment on drug abuse and also
the proper enforcement of disciplinary measures on students in secondary
schools.
Finally, the researcher hoped that the
findings of this research work will be useful to secondary schools within and
outside Owan East Local Government Area.
Delimitation of the Study
This study was designed to cover all
the secondary schools in Owan East Local Government Area. The population of the study were all the
principals, vice principals, teachers and students from each school but for the
sampling purpose four secondary schools are used. The principals, some selected teachers and
students are used for the study.
Limitation of the Study
The researcher was restricted by
number of factors which include:
1.
Finance: There was no money to go into different areas
of the research work.
2.
Unwillingness on the part of some students not
to co-operate with the work as some feel that certain questions are
inappropriate as far as they are concerned.
3.
Time factor
Definition of Terms
Threatened: To express a threat of harm or violence.
Vandalism: The crime of destroying or damaging
something especially public property.
Depression: The feeling of sadness
Alertness: To make some time very different
Permeates: To affect every part of something.
Elixir: A magic liquid that is believed to cure
illnesses or to make people live for ever.
Cutch: Something or person that gives you help
or support but often makes you depend on them too much.
Omnipotence: Feeling of having total power.
Bankrupt: Without enough money to pay what you owe.
Infiltrates: To pass slowly into something.
Extinction: A situation where something stop existing.
Rehabilitate: To help someone to have a normal useful life
again.
Penalty: Punishment for breaking a law.
Controversial: Causing a lot of angry public discussion
and disagreement.
Climate: A general attitude or feeling which exist in
a particular place.
Bully: A person who uses their strength or
power to frighten or hurt weaker people.
Accentuate: To make something more noticeable.
Burdens: Duties or responsibilities that cause worries.
Treacherous: Something that cannot be trusted.
Awkward: Make somebody feel embarrassed.
Contravene: To do something that is not allowed by law.
Cache: A
hidden store of things such as weapons.
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