ABSTRACT
This
study was conducted to find out the perception of drug use and abuse on
student’s behavior in public secondary schools in Lagos State.
Chapter
one presented the background of study which consists of statement of the
problem, research questions, research hypothesis, significance of the study,
purpose of the study, delimitation, limitations as well as definition of term. Review
of related literature was carried out in chapter two on the prevalence of drug
use and abuse among Nigeria student, types of drug abuse, cause of drug abuse,
signs and symptoms of drug abuse, effect of drug abuse, theories of drug abuse.
Chapter three discusses the methods and procedures employed for the study, the
chapter covered areas such as research design, population of the study, sample
and sampling techniques, research instrument validity and reliability of the
instrument, data collection data analysis pilot study. Chapter four presents
data analysis and discussion of findings, data collected was analysed and
processed through the use of chi-square (x2) statistics with 3 degree of
freedom and 0.05 level of significance for hypothesis were rejected and
therefore significant while one hypothesis was accepted and therefore not
significant.
Based on the findings the following
recommendations were made
1. Adequate
and effective guidance and counselling department should be made available in
all public secondary schools in Lagos State.
2. Adequate
medical facilities should be provided for emergencies, the medical history of
all students registered into the schools should be recorded.
3. Lagos
State government should organize part-time vocational studies for students in
public secondary school so as to prevent boredom and to enhance he development
of their skills.
4. The
students should only be allowed to watch movies that are under parental
guidance (PG).
5. The
school authorities should ensure that no student is frustrated due to the
inability to perform well in class and meet expected standards.
6. The
community and parents should live according to expected moral standards in
order to influence the young positively as they imitate the elders in all
manners.
7. The
ministry of Education should ensure that drugs cannot be within reach of the
students easily, the assumption is that if the substance is easily accessible
the motivation to abuse becomes higher than if it was hard to get.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
Title page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Table of contents vi
CHAPTER
ONE: INTRODUCTION
Background of the study 1
Statement of the Problem 5
Purpose of the Study 6
Research Questions 6
Research Hypotheses 6
Significance of the Study 7
Delimitation of the Study 7
Limitations of the Study 8
Definitions of terms \8
CHAPTER
TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
Prevalence of drug use and abuse among
Nigeria student 10
Types of drug abuse 15
Cause of drug abuse 16
Signs & symptoms of drug abuse 21
Effect of drug abuse 22
Theories of drug abuse. 24
Strategies approach for counseling 32
Designing Curricular on Drug Education 34
Empirical
Research 36
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Method 38
Population of the
Study 38
Sample and
Sampling Techniques 39
Research
Instrument 39
Validity and
Reliability of the Study 39
Procedure for Data
Collection 40
Procedure for Data
Analysis 40
Pilot Study 40
CHAPTER
FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
Data analysis 41
Test for hypotheses 52
Discussion Of Findings 59
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION
Summary 62
Conclusion 63
Recommendations 64
Reference 66
Appendix 70
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the study
The
abuse of drugs constitutes one of the most important risk taking behaviour
among adolescents and young adults in secondary schools. Despite worldwide
concern and education about psychoactive substances, self medication and misuse
of illicit drugs, many adolescents have limited awareness of their adverse
consequence.
Drug
use is as old as the history of human race people have used herbs, roots,
barks, leaves and all kinds of plant to relieve pain and help control disease.
When drugs are properly administered, they become a blessing to human beings.
It should, however, be noted that some drugs unfortunately produce enticing
side effects such as a sense of feeling good, elation serenity and power such
that what began as means of relaxation evolved in time into a problem of dependence and abuse. (Karechrio,1996). Drug can be defined as a
substance that is purposely introduced into the body to change normal body
functions. Drug abuse explains the
persistent excessive use of chemicals or substance for any reason other than
its acceptable medical purpose. The influence of drugs is on the students
behavior has been documented. Kaire (2005), noted that drug abuse have been
identified as a major cause of unrest in public secondary school leading to
poor performance in exams and mass drop
outs of students from secondary schools.
Tabifor
(2000), explains that drug addiction creates an enabling environment for
violence as it gives the abuser a false sense of greatness and power.
Curiosity, social pressure and peer group influence are reported to be primary
reasons for substance misuse. Most often the student of public secondary
schools starts by experimenting with the so called “GATEWAYDRUGS” such as
tobacco, alcohol and marijuana. Drug abuse
also refers to the use of usually self administration or any drug in a
manner that deviate from approved medical; pattern or with a given culture, in
which cause the use of medically prescribed drugs such as barbiturate to induce
Dulphoria in social situation would be
abuse on drugs. Drugs mainly abused as stimulant like Amphamine sedative and
tranquilizers like Barbiturates, Valium and Mandrase Hauvelnogens. These drugs
do not only have mild altering capacity but they may often be harmful.
The
world drug report (2011), reports that a total 0f 190 million people consume
drugs and alcohol world wide and the majority of these are youths. Bennet.et
al, 1991 observes that alcohol, tobacco and marijuana are the most common
consumed substances by the adolescent (boys and girls) across the globe. Njuki
(2004), maintains that there are many issues confronting Africa such as drug
abuse which is not looked at with the seriousness it deserves. He observed that
illicit drug-trafficking and drug abuse are increasing in Africa. Cannabis,
methaqualone, heroin and alcohol are included among drugs used across the
continent of Africa, Moreover, the injection of heroin has caused heightened
concern as intravenous drug use assists in the continued spread of HIV/AIDS
(Njuki , 2004). Ministry of Education (1996), made strategies in order to
promote the boy’s and girls health ad their well being. They introduced regular
health check in all schools and the prevention of drugs and alcohol use In its
institution. Further, the ministry of Education has established guidance and
counseling departments in schools which deal with cases of guiding and
counseling the learners when they fail
victims of unwanted behaviours (Ministry
of Education, 1996).
In
Nigeria, earlier studies on students drug use were largely hospital based and
confined to selected regions of the country however, in the past 10
- 15 years such studies have taken the form of field work employing
epidemiology techniques so as to provide more comprehensive information related
to types, pattern of use and psycho-social correlates in drug use and abuse
among secondary school students. From such studies it has been consistently
found the alcohol, hypnosedatives, tobacco and psycho stimulants were the
commonly abused substances with varying prevalence rates found for both overall
and specific drug use. For instance in
Ilorin, Nigeria, the lifetime prevalence
rate if drug use among
secondary students was found to vary
between 1.5% (for tobacco and 57% for psycho stimulants). In Sokoto, the
reported prevalence rates were 10.9% - 17.8% among secondary school students
and 19.5% - 50.7%. some authors in the country have raised the possibility of
students under reporting their substance use habits, most especially the
illicit ones for instance in a study in south west, Nigeria it was observed
that although cannabis related psychiatric disorders are common among students
in Nigeria psychiatric clinics, substance use studies in the country have reported low
use of cannabis amongst secondary school students. This could be due to
denial because of legal consequence
associated with its use.
Lagos,
the former capital of Nigeria remains about the most populous city in the
country and since the work of anymonys over 3 decades ago, changes that could
increase the risk of substance use among school students have occurred these
include a surge in population, increased numbers of street youths (mostly
secondary school drop outs) popularly known as “area boys” and an attendant
high crime rate. However, despite these persistent psychosocial problems in
lagos, there is a paucity of current literature
available on drug use among secondary school students in the city.
This
study sets out to assess drug use and abuse on students behavior in public
secondary schools in Lagos state. To find out types of drug and when a drug is
said to be abused. Highlight some of cause of drug use and abuse, it effects on
the public secondary school students.
Statement of the Problem
Recent
events in the attitude of students in secondary schools show that abnormal
behaviour are the aftermath of the students on drugs. The truancy rate,
absenteeism, cultism act, hooliganism, bullying is rampant in these cadre or schools. Public secondary schools
engage themselves in school to school street fighting and the researcher wonder
the impact of drugs
Purpose of the Study
The
main purpose of the study is to determine the relationship between drug use and
abuse on students behaviour.
Research Questions
The
following research question will be formulated for this study
1. Will
drug abuse influence gangsterism among secondary school students?
2. Will
drug abuse affect the health of students in secondary schools?
3. Will
drug abuse cause students to exhibit violent behaviour?
4. To
what extent will self medication affect the health of students in secondary
schools?
5. Will
drug abuse contribute to hooliganism in secondary schools?
Research Hypotheses
The following
research hypotheses were tested in this study.
1. Drug
abuse will not significantly influence gangsterism among secondary school
students.
2. Drug
abuse will not significantly affect the health of students in secondary
schools.
3. Drug
abuse will not significantly cause students to exhibit violent behaviours in
secondary schools.
4. Self
medication will not significantly affect the health of students in secondary
schools.
5. Drug
abuse will not significantly contribute to hooliganism among secondary school
students.
Significance of the Study
1. The
findings of this study might provide public secondary schools in Lagos State
with the knowledge on the effects of drug use and abuse on student behaviour.
2. This
study might help in increasing the awareness on how drug abuse affects the
health of the students and individuals.
3. The
findings from this study might enlighten the students and teachers on the
effects of self medications, drug misuse and the usefulness of prescribed
drugs.
Delimitation of the Study
This
original scope of this study is very wide due to the large number of public
secondary schools in Lagos state but it has been delimited to some selected
public schools in Yaba and Shomolu local government area which are CMS Girls
Grammar School, Lagos City College Yaba, Lagos, Onike Junior Girls High School,
Wesley Girls High School and Akoka Junior High School .
The
use of questionnaire, the survey method was adopted for the study, the
inferential statistical of chi square (x2)
Limitations of the Study
Refusal
of some students in answering the questionnaire pose a threat to the study but
through persuasion they responded.
Definitions of terms
Drug:
Refers to a substance rather than food that is purposely introduced into the
body to change normal body function.
Drug Abuse:
Persistent excessive use of chemical or substance for any reason other than its
acceptable medical purpose
Guidance and Counseling: The process used by guidance and counseling
teaches to help students avoid evils like drug abuse and live responsible life
in secondary schools.
Illegal Drugs:
Any drug that the government considers harmful to the mental and physical
health of the society the use of such a drug is forbidden by law, these
include bhang, heroine, cocaine etc.
Legal drugs:
Refers to any drugs that is potentially dangerous but is not against the
law to consume and distribute them.
Peer pressure:
This is the demand to confirm to the values and standards of the peer
(classmates, age mates).
Prevalence: frequency at which the drugs are used in the
sample schools.
Preventive Approaches:
Refers to guidance and counseling programmes put in place by the counseling
department to create drug awareness about the disadvantages of drug abuse so as
to discourage student from indulging on drug abuse and this reduce occurrence
of student behavior.
Preventive education:
The deliberate use of educational procedures with the purpose of tackling the
issue of drug abuse and its negative effects.
Risk taking:
Engaging in behavior that endangers the health or life of a student.
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