ABSTRACT
Although recent evidence implies linkages among
depression or depressive symptoms , self-esteem, history of childhood abuse,
and parenting. Children living in single family homes have different outlooks
on life than children raised in a home with two parents.
The financial stability, psychological effects,
emotional problems, low performance in education all take a toll on childhood
when only one parent provides the attitudes, the evidence does not clearly
elucidate the relationships among these variable.
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.2 PURPOSE OF THE
STUDY
1.3
RESEARCH
PROBLEM
1.4
SIGNIFICANCE
OF STUDY
1.5
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
1.6
LIMITATIONS OF STUDY
1.7
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 POSITIVE
EFFECTS OF SINGLE PARENTING
2.2 NEGATIVE
EFFECTS OF SINGLE PARENTING
2.2 PROBLEMS
CONFRONTING SINGLY PARENTS
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 INTRODUCTION
3.1 RESEARCH
DESIGN
3.1 RESEARCH
DESIGN:
3.2 POPULATION
OF THE STUDY
3.3 SAMPLE
AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
3.4 RESEARCH
INSTRUMENT:
3.5 PROCEDURE
FOR COLLECTING DATA
3.6 METHOD OF
DATA ANALYSIS
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 DATA
PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.2 SECTION
A: DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF STUDY FOR RESPONDENTS
4.3 HYPOTHESIS
TESTING
4.4 DISCUSSION ON THE FINDINGS
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION
5.1 SUMMARY
5.2 RECOMMENDATIONS
5.3 CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
QUESTIONNAIRE
CHAPTER ONE
1.8
INTRODUCTION
The rising
number of children who now live in single parent has led to considerable
interest in the effects of family structure on adolescent development. Living
with a single parent has been associated with children’s delinquency alcohol
and substance use. Lower self-esteem, psychiatric problems, early initiation of
sexual intercourse and learning school before graduation. A growing number
researches suggest, however, that single parent family may different managing
for African Nigeria.
Much of the
research which has found detrimental effects of living with a single parent has
be conducted with middle class peoples on the adolescent development research
has found family structure effects that single parent at home hand a
detrimental impact regardless of their person; cooper, pierce and Tidwell
(1995) also concludes that living in a single-parent or step parent family is a
risk factor for increased doing and alcohol use on the adolescent. Psychosocial
outcomes and family process were compares that the higher marijuana use among
youths living with their single parent and extended family adversely affects psychosocial development on
the adolescent self concept.
1.9
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
To
examine the effects of parenting in our society. Also comparing the academic
performance of the child, factors on single parent, the self-esteem and
depressive symptoms, parenting attitudes of low-income and single parents who
have young children and young youth.
1.10 RESEARCH PROBLEM
Due
to the adolescent living with their single parent has a detrimental effect on
them most people find it difficult to expose some the social behavior.
Children
who come from single-parent families exhibit significantly different social
behavior than those from intact families. According to the Texas youth
commission children with one parent are at greater risk of having impulsive,
aggressive and anti-social behavior problems. This can lead to delinquency and
possible criminal behavior, problems. A single-parent may not have the time to
balance her responsibilities with supervising her child, according to author
and clinical nurse Vicky. R. Bowden. Female adolescents living with one parent
are more likely to engage ion sexual activity, smoking, prostitution,
lesbianism and robbery, according to the institute for American values. This
means a higher chance of becoming a teenage mother. Children of single- parents
may also find it more difficult to form and maintain social relationships than
children from intact families. A child from an intact family has a positive
example of a relationship and has this basis to form solid relationship. The
child of a single-parent does not have such an example.
School
behavior: A child’s behaviour at school can be dramatically affected when there
is one less parent in the home according to the institute of America
values children from single-parent
families skip school, cut class are late almost 30 percent more than children
from intact families, with only one parent in the home, a child may have less
supervision when it comes to staying out of trouble, single parent has to juggle work, home, finances and bringing up a
child on his own which can be overwhelming. According to father for life. Org,
71 percent of high school dropouts come from homes without fathers.
Illegal Bahaviour: The texas youth commission states that children
who come from single-parent families have a greater risk of engaging in illegal
activity, this include using of illegal drugs and underage drinking if a
child’s whereabouts are not monitored by parents, there is a greater risk of
illegal behavior. A single parent who works full-time may not have the time to
monitor her child. In a two-parent home, there is a greater likelihood that a
child’s behavior will be supervised.
According
to the institute for American values, a male teenager is more likely to be
arrested if he lives in a fatherless home. Children age 14 and over who come
from an intact family are less instructions procedure for the data collection
and the statistical method employed to analyse the data.
likely
to be arrested that those from a single-parent home.
Psychological disorders: According to the mayo clinic, teenager can develop
a number of psychological disorders due to a lack of supervision, a lack of
positive parent involvement and divorce. They are more likely to develop Oppositional
Defiant Disorder (ODD) anxiety depression and Attention Deficit Hyperactively
Disorder (ADHD), also children are three times less likely to develop mental
disorders, such as oppositional defiant disorder and anxiety, depression ant
attention deficit, if they come from intact families the risk of developing
these disorders can also be high for children who come from a two-parent family
where the marriage is troubled. But as children continue to grow they learn
from walking and talking in their environment that is conducive, peer group,
schools and be open minded by having strong moral character with good
understanding.
On
the single parent homes on the children which lend to affect the life style of
the parents, families and relationships with other people, education
enlightenment and other social
activity, a higher stress home lowers self-esteem in children and parents,
which can result in negative and unpleasant behavior of single parenthood on
adolescent.
Financial support: Raising a child in a single parent home puts
stress on finances, stress accumulated for the parent who is trying to manage a
work like and a home life, and also for
the child who may suffer from the lack of financial support for daily
necessities and an absentee parent.
The self-esteem: In single parent families, self-esteem issues play
a major role in a child’s behavior, children have lower self-esteem with a
single parent than children who are raised two parents, the strongest finding
relates that the mother-daughter relationship suffers the most, as girls
formulate their world-view and confidence from the example of the mother.
Due
to the single parent unpinning of the child especially the female children most
of them end up having unwanted pregnancy (pregnancies) Ogunde (1983) indicates
that most of the adolescent girls that become pregnant are those with low
education, inferior self image and are therefore----------
And
the socio-economic status of the family. Touliato et al (1978) examined that it
is an important factor in the scholastic achievement of a child “a child when
born is neither good nor bad but the home in which he lives shapes him. Right
from childhood, parents are supposed to inculcate societal norms and values
through the use of reward, to reinforce positive behavior, and punishment, to
stamp out the undesirables behavior.
Maslow
(1976) in his theory of hierarchy of needs and sequential development of man
contended that man has five “basic needs’ which are hierarchy. These are,
oxygen, water, food, shelter and love or sense of belonging.
A
person that is denied any of these basic needs at early childhood grows up to
be a mal-adjusted individual,. For the survival of a child therefore, the
family is the only institution that can see to the satisfaction of these basic
needs. These show the indispensable role that a family plays in the total development
of an individual. If however, the type of family- structure that adults keep or
the home they provide is defective, it could hinder th normal growth and
intellectual development of their children. Consequently, his academic
achievement will be defected.
Family
structure therefore refers to the over-all make-up of a home as dictated and
designed by the parents, and this has direct bearings on the child’s academic
achievement. Also children raised in an intact family attain superior academic
and occupational achievement, compared with children who were products of a
disrupted family.
Education
The
educational level of parents also contribute to the behavioural maturity of
children, single parents who do not have a full high school education result in
lower wage earning potential and can suffer from a higher incidence of health
problem, because of this children can suffer from aggression, depression and
anxiety, as noted by author Katti gray from research studies done by Princeton
University beginning in 2007, in her article “Broken Ties” from the journal
Diverse, she claims that the higher the education in parents produces more
opportunities for the child, and possibly contributes to better behavior
moreso, single parenting and the economic struggles are often associated with
raising a child in the society.
1.11 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
This
study will assist student, by single-parents by exposing them to many variables
that may contribute tot heir poor academic performance, and behavior wise, it
will help in awakening parents to their responsibilities and finish them with
the necessary information in how to influence their children holistic
development social and interpersonal relationship with their parents and peer
group positively. It will also help the facilitators, academic authorities, and
counselors or psychologist to have board knowledge of the problem of single
parents and its effects on the psychological and social adjustment on the adolescents to assist them.
1.12 THEORETICAL
FRAMEWORK
Concept of single parenthood. It is a situation
where one of the parents is involved in the process of bearing and raising a
child, parents are no longer readily available to take then full
responsibilities over the child most researchers have shown how far reaching
effects on the children and adolescent. Ogunlana (1999) stated that parenthood
is a responsibility requiring the full co-operation of both parents who must
ensure the total development of their offspring(s).
Structurally, a family is either broken or intact a
broken family in this context is one that is not structurally intact for
various reasons vis-à-vis death of apparent, divorce, separation dissertation
and illegitimacy in which case, the family was never completed.
Conkline (1996) analysis become necessary because
life in a single parent family can be traumatic and children brought up in such
family structure often suffer some emotional problems, which may hundred their
academic performance, on the other hand, children raised in two-parent family
structure are often stable emotionally and they suffer less emotional problem
thereby making them less anxious in their pursuit of their academic work.
However, situation should be noted that not true at
all lines since there are some children still perform academically better than
children from two parent family structure (Apia and Olutola 2007). This
situation may however be attributed to other factors inherent in the
personality of the child.
1.13 LIMITATIONS OF
STUDY
The
study causes on the influence of single parenthood on the psychosocial of
adolescent self concept, the stud particularly revolves around two selected
government ministry of education the
researcher would have loved to carry out this research in all the ministry in
Lagos State, but due to time and finance the researcher is limited to two
ministry.
1.14 THEORETICAL
FRAMEWORK
Family: This is a group of people who are related by blood
or marriage and it consists of father, mother and children.
Adolescent: This is a period of life between childhood and
adulthood. It is the transition period during which an individual outgrows
childhood and develops into maturity.
Adjustment: A small
change made to something in order to correct or improve it.
Broken
marriage: This is a marriage
that ended for one reason or the other and the husband and wife do not live
together any longer they live separate ways.
Single
parenthood: It is a situation
whereby only one of the parents is involved in the process of bearing and
raising a child it could be either the father or the mother.
Psycholosocio
behavior: It is how one develops behaves and reacts in a social
environment when they themselves may not be fully aware of their behavior.
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