ABSTRACT
This
study examined the impact of learning styles on career preferences of
adolescents in secondary schools in Lagos State. A descriptive survey design was adopted. The sample consisted of 150 students who were
randomly selected from three secondary schools in Ikorodu Local Government Area in Lagos
State. A questionnaire titled “impact of learning styles on career preferences
was designed to collect data from the subjects of the study. Data collected through this process were
analysed using the chi-square method (x2) and t – test statistical
tool at 0.05 level of significance. Findings from the study revealed that,
·
Learning styles have a significant effect on career preferences.
·
There is a significant difference between gender and learning styles of
students.
·
There is a significant difference between learning styles and career
preferences of early and late adolescents.
·
There is no significant difference between learning styles and students
perception of their learning environment.
·
There is a significant relationship between learning styles and career
preferences of early and late adolescents.
TABLE
OF CONTENT
Pages
Title Page
i
Certification ii
Dedication
iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract
v
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1
Background to the Study
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3
Purpose of the Study
1.4 Research Questions
1.5 Research Hypotheses
1.6 Significance of the Study
1.7 Scope of the Study
1.8 Limitations of the Study
1.9 Definition of Terms
CHAPTER TWO
Review of Related Literature
2.0 Concept of Learning Styles
2.1 Learning Theories
2.2 Career Preferences
2.3 Career Theories / Career Preferences of
Early and Late Adolescents
2.4 Gender and Learning
2.5 Gender and Career
2.6 Learning Styles and Career Preferences
CHAPTER THREE
Research Methodology
3.0 Introduction
3.1 Research Design
3.2 Population
3.3 Sample and Sampling Technique
3.4 Validity of Instrument
3.5 Reliability of Instrument
3.6 Procedure for Data Collection
3.7 Procedure for Data Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
Data Presentation and Analysis
4.0 Introduction
4.1 Hypotheses testing
CHAPTER FIVE
Summary, Discussion of
Findings, Conclusion and Recommendations
5.0 Introduction
5.1 Discussion of findings
5.2 Summary
5.3 Conclusion
5.4 Recommendations
5.5 Suggestion for future research
References
Appendix 1
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
In
considering learning and how to improve student learning, one needs to
understand the way(s) in which an individual learns. Learning is the sum total of an individual's life
experience acquired through socialization process. It exceeds a mere acquisition
of factual information or the mastering of skills, as it also includes the sum
total of an individual's life experience which are relatively permanent in
nature and which have survival value for him (Mukherjee, 2002). It is
widely accepted that while it is possible to identify common constituent
elements, the learning process varies at an individual level.
Different people learn in different ways. This is
the basis of the study of learning styles. People have different learning
styles based on personality types. For example, a sequential learner prefers to
learn by following steps in a logical order. A global learner will learn by
looking at the big picture, and putting bits of information together in a
seemingly random fashion. Some people tend to pick up information better when
it is presented numerically, others when it is presented verbally.
According
to Keefe (1987), learning style is all of the cognitive, affective and
psychological characteristics which reflect the individual's perceptions on
his/her environment. Learning styles are important not only for learning, but
for helping us through our everyday lives. Learning styles relate to a person's
preferences for absorbing information, for solving problems and for success in
social and personal situations. They can have implications for learning and
work. Although there is a substantial
body of knowledge of how much isolated aspect of physical environment as
temperature, light and sound affect human beings, not much is known about the
interaction of this factors. There is little information on how the total
environment of the school and class room affects learning process and style.
Learning can occur in many different settings: in the home and the play ground,
as well as in the class room every child brings with him into a class room all
his earlier training and experience, a kind of internal environment that makes
him an environmental factor of considerable significance to others. A learning
environment is therefore more than what an engineer can measure in the students
immediate physical surrounding; it includes everything inside and outside the
space the child occupies which in any way affects his learning style during a
particular learning routine.
For
some scholars and teachers, the belief is that learning styles do not
significantly affect a student’s choice of career or even academic performance.
They posit that success in academic performance and ultimately, career
preferences is solely a function of the individual student level of intelligence.
On the other side of the spectrum, some scholars argue that the importance of a
good learning style tailored towards an individual student preferred learning
method cannot be over emphasized. Hence, they encourage the adoption of a
suitable learning style so that students are able to absorb and retain
knowledge in good time. In addition, they believe individuals
will both choose and succeed more often in a career choice when the demands of
the job match the preferred learning style of the person. Hence there is a need to ascertain what
really the relationship between learning style and career preference is.
1.2 STATEMENT
OF THE PROBLEM
The
common problem among students is inability to mobilize cognitive strategies
that would help to learn effectively which have translated to poor academic
performance.
The
evidence is the outcome of large number of failures recorded in local and
national examinations such as SSCE. Hence,
the researchers are interested in looking at the impact of learning styles on
career preferences.
1.3 PURPOSE
OF THE STUDY
The objectives of this study are as follows:
1. To determine if there is any relationship
between learning style and career
preferences of adolescents in
secondary school in
Lagos
State.
2. To
determine if there is any relationship between gender and learning styles among adolescents in secondary
schools.
3. To determine if there is any difference
between learning styles and career
preferences of early and late
adolescents
4. To determine if there is a difference between learning styles and students’ perception of the learning environment.
5. To determine if there is any relationship between learning styles
and career preferences of early and late adolescents.
1.4 RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
a.
What is the relationship between learning styles and career preferences?
b. What is the relationship between gender and
learning styles among adolescents in secondary schools?
c.
What is the difference between
learning styles and career preferences of early and late adolescents?
d. What is the
relationship between learning styles and students’
perception of the learning environment?
e.
What is the relationship between learning
styles and career preferences of early and late adolescents?
1.5 HYPOTHESES
The study is aimed at testing the following five
hypotheses:-
HO1: There is no significant relationship between learning styles and career preferences.
HO2: There is no significant difference between gender and learning styles among adolescents in secondary
schools.
HO3: There is no significant difference between
learning styles and career
preferences of early and late adolescents.
HO4: There is no significant difference between learning
styles and students’ perception of the learning environment.
HO5: There is no significant
relationship between learning styles and career preferences of early and late
adolescents.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE
STUDY
The findings of this study when completed will be
of great help to the:
·
Counsellors
·
Teachers
·
Students
·
Parents
The findings will have implications for Guidance
Counsellors in assisting the students to make right career choices considering
their talents and abilities.
The study will be of benefit to teachers in that it
will help them to understand various learning styles, so that they can provide
the best way of learning for students.
The study will help students develop appropriate
learning styles.
The result of this study will also expose parents
to reasons why students make wrong career choices and how they can help.
1.7 SCOPE OF
THE STUDY
The
scope of the study will be limited to only senior secondary school students
within Lagos state. The aim is to assist students to scale through development
tasks characterized by this stage. This includes styles of learning and choice
of career.
1.8 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
This study could be carried out in the whole of
Lagos State but due to financial and time constraint, it is limited to three
selected secondary schools in Ikorodu Education District II of Lagos State.
1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Learning
style: The term “learning styles” refers to the concept
that individuals differ in regard to what mode of instruction or study is most
effective for them.
Career: A
person’s course through life (Bloomer and Hodkinson
2000 p.590) which a person takes on
different rows and deal with dynamic changes
and transitions (Chen 1998 p.455).
Preference:The power or opportunity of choosing.
Career Preference: The term career preference refers to the basis of students in choosing
the occupation he wants whether it comes from his
childhood aspirations, relatives, peer, his values
in life, interest and specialization and school guidance
counsellor.
Student’s perception: This is how the students see what they are learning in
a given situation
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