ABSTRACT
The main purpose of this research is to determine the impact of
information and communications technology (ICT) in banking industries. In order
to achieve this purpose or objective very successfully, the research has taken
into consideration, the meaning or concept of information communication
technology (ICT), the negative and positive effects of information
communication technology (ICT) the characteristics or attitudes of information
communication technology (ICT), the personnel /staff, etc. Having observed the
above, the research equally delved into the problems associated with
information communication technology (ICT). Consequently, the conclusions
reached were maintenance or repair cost are some of the problems associated
with information communication technology (ICT) in banking industries. The
researcher made some useful recommendation that would aid the effective
management and applied information communication technology (ICT).
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
1.2
Statement Of The Problems
1.3
Purpose Of Study
1.4
Scope of the Study
1.5
Research questions
1.6
Research Hypothesis
1.7
Significance Of The Study
1.8
Definition Of Terms
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1
The concept of information and
communication technology in banking industries
2.2
Positive effects of information and
communications technology in banking industries
2.3
Negative Effects Of Information Communication
Technology (ICT) In banking industries Unemployment And Deskilling
2.4
Various products of information
communication technology (ICT) used in public administration and management by
banks
2.5
Considerations made by banks in
choosing information communication technology (ICT) equipment
2.6
Personal characteristics of business
attributes of information communication technology (ICT) personnel in banking
industries
2.7
Reference materials and correction
symbols used in information communication personnel in banking industries
2.8
Information communication technology
(ICT) correction Symbols in banking industries:
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
3.1
Research design
3.2
Area of the study
3.3
Population of the study
3.4
Sample, Sampling Procedure and
technique
3.5
Instrument For Data Collection
3.6
Validation Of The Instrument
3.7
Reliability Of The Instrument
3.8
Method of data collection
3.9
Method Of Data Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1
Presentation and analysis of data
4.2 Testing of hypothesis
4.2
SUMMARY OF RESULTS
CHAPTER FIVE
DISCUSSION, RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSIONS
5.1 Discussions Of Findings/Results
5.2
CONCLUSIONS
5.3
Implications Of The Research Findings
5.1
Recommendation
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX: QUESTIONNAIRE
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.9
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Information is not only the basic of
human existence. It is also the life wire for running of any organization. This
is consequently upon the fact that decision – making and effective execution of
those decision, there must be constant information flow. Data gathered must be
transmitted to the end – users after it had been processed. Information
receipt, processing, storage, dissemination, etc. may be instant; otherwise
valuable business opportunities might be lost. That is what information
communication technology (ICT) seeks to do in public administration and
management.
The development of information
communication technology (ICT) has come a long way. The first writing in the
world was invented by Egyptian priests around four thousand B.C. at first, the writing
was serie of whole picture, which ware drawn to tell a story. This took a long
time to represent the whole. Much later on still, the picture were drawn not to
represent objects. But to represent sounds, thus the picture of a house was
drawn not to represent the actual building,
but the sound “haus” Gradually, themethod of writing was improved upon
until one letter was used to represent one sound. This is how the first
alphabets was made. The priests wrote with a reed pen and made ink by mixing
soot and gum with water.
But the scope of the writing the
HIERIOGLYPHICS was restricted to
priests; hence it was called SACRED writing. The writing was used to record
important religious ceremonies, medical facts and records of kings and nobles.
The most important writings were recorded or carved on stones while the less
important records were kept on thin stripes from a reed known as PAPYRUS, a
plant that grew on the banks of the River Nile. The modern wword “paper” came
from papyrus. Other ancient ways of writing include the SUMMERIAN CUNEFORM,
ANTHENIAN OSTRAKON, JEWISH SCROL or parchment, which was written on animal
skin.
For their information dissemination,
the ancient world employed a number of ways. The Greek used runners. The
marathon race today is in honor of an Athenian runner who not only ran all the
way from Athens to Sparta to call the Spartans to the battle field, but also
after the Persians had been defeated at a place called marathon, ran a further
35 kilometers to Athens to report the vistory, after which he fell down dead
after announcing the victory. The old-talking drums, gongs, etc. were also used
to send out information. In emergency situations, a section of the forest could
be set on fire to warn people of impending or sudden enemy attack. All those
various means of receiving, storing and sending information in the ancient
times have been replaced by the vast array of machines in the modern world.
This is what is called information communication technology (ICT), which refers
to a host of equipment and materials, essentially computer-based that are used
in the modern world for information receipt, processing, storage and
dissemination.
The invention of the printing machine
by a German called john Guttenberg: the calculating machine invented by Charlse
babbage in 1855: The typewriter invented in 1967 by the Sholes brothers of
America: the invention of the telephone in 1876 by Scot Alexdra Graham bell;
the invention of radio in 1895 by Marches Marcini; the television in 1922 by
johnlogis barrd; the turnaround brought about with the invention of the
photographing machine in 1826 by joseph Niece, a French and so on have marked a
turning point in information communication technology (ICT). From the earliest
times to the modern times, precisely the twenty-first century, information
communication technology (ICT) has spanned three distinct stages. These are:-
i.
Primary
stage – use of human labour
ii.
Secondary
stage – use of electrical machines
iii.
Tertiary
stage – use of electronics machines.
The modern age is aptly called the
age of machines or the machine age. This is true in the light of the numberless
communication gadgets and information equipment that have flooded the market.
But the greatest of this revolution is the computer, which has now revolutionized
the modern business world.
The primary stage was the period
during which labour was used enormously in information receipt, storage and
dissemination. At that time, electricity was not popular as it came into human
existence in 1831 by Michael faraday the manual typewriter came under this
stage.
The secondary stage was the period
during which electricity became the source of power for some machines the
electric typewriters came under this stage and also many other machines that
became electrically powered. The last stage is the tertiary stage, which is the
present age of electronics, is the power source of communication equipment.
1.10
Statement Of The Problems
Information communication technology
(ICT) has given birth to many complex machines, some of which are beyond the
operational scope of an average business man. According to Hirsch, the machine
age brought about the development of methods. Business executive,
administrators, managers and staff need to go beyond their natural endowment to
be able to understand the operations and procedures of these machines and also
be able to operate these machines themselves. This makes training a
sine-qua-non, but only very few businesses an individuals can effort the high
cost of training required to operate those machines. This cost become
impossibility when it involves an overseas training course.
Moreover, the costs of acquiring the
machines are very exorbitant. The exchange rate of the naira is too down to
earth when compared with other major currencies of the world, like the American
dollars, British pounds, Japanese yen, etc.
Deeds thousand naira which is out of financial
capability of some business organizations, how much more the computer,
photocopiers, fax machines, etc. whose costs run into nearly hundreds of
thousands of Naira to purchase. The high cost of machines is almost defeating
the goal of information communication technology (ICT).
Another problem associated with
information communication technology (ICT) is servicing and maintenance of the
machines. All these machines are manufactured in highly technologically
advanced countries such as Germany, France, America, Japan, Britain, etc. when
they are imported into Nigeria and other third world countries, the user
nations lack the expertise and technical know-how to maintain and service the
machines. This is because the qualified service personnel required to service
machines are not brought along with the machines. The implications of this are
that half-baked technicians are forced to service the machines. Rather than
putting the equipment back into use, they spioil it.
The results in scrapping many of the
machines when these machines breakdown, the businesses can no longer use them
and the operations of that business are greatly impaired.
Finally, the world of information
communication technology (ICT) is an ever-changing sea. The rate at which the
manufacturers and producers turn out these machines overwhelms stakeholders in
the business world. It is very difficult to keep pace with the influx of these
communication gadgets. As new discoveries are made, new machines are manufactured
with their attendant different operational procedures. This keeps stakeholder
on their toes as they are unsure about what is to replace the present machines.
1.11
Purpose Of Study
The main purpose of this study is to
find out the impact of information communication technology (ICT) in banking
industries using Eco bank as a case study.
In addition, this study will also try
to:-
a. Establish the true meaning of
business in the modern world;
b. To find out the personal
characteristics or the essential qualities appropriate for information
communication technology (ICT) personnel;
c. To find out the personal
characteristics or the essential qualities appropriate for information
communication technology (ICT) personnel:
d. Determine the different environments
under which businesses are operated in the modern world of information
communication technology (ICT)
e. To find out the various information
communication technology (ICT) machines used in banking industries.
f. To identify some of the correction
symbols used in information communication technology (ICT)
g. To make recommendations on ways and
means of making information communication technology (ICT) more efficient and
effective.
1.12
Scope of the Study
This study is limited to the effects
made by information communication technology (ICT) in banking industries. This
covers both the positive and negative impact of information communication
technology (ICT).
1.13
Research questions
· Has information communication
technology (ICT) made any impact on BANKS in Nigeria?
· What are the various information
communication technology (ICT) equipment used by banks in Nigeria?
· In what way has information
communication technology (ICT) negatively affect banks in Nigeria?
· What are the personal characteristic
and attributes of BANKS staff in the age of information communication
technology (ICT)?
· What are the correct symbols, reference materials and standard
abbreviations used by BANKS staff in information communication technology
(ICT)?
1.14
Research Hypothesis
The following hypothesis have been
advanced for the purpose of this study:
Hi .information
communication technology (ICT) has a direct impact in banking industries and
management
Ho . information communication
technology (ICT) has no direct impact in
banking industries and management
H.i information
communication technology (ICT) has not revolutionized the business world;
Ho. information
communication technology (ICT) has not revolutionized the business world;
Hi.A business cannot be
successfully run today without the information communication technology (ICT).
Ho. Various machines and equipment are use in
information service
Hi. Various machines and equipment are
not use in information service
1.15
Significance Of The Study
It is hoped that through this study,
the stakeholders in the information industry would be enlightened in terms of
knowledge, qualification, experience and performance appraisal.
Moreover, it will highlight the need
for higher institutions of learning and other agencies engaged in the training
of computer or information services to combine theory with practical. This can
only be made possible if those schools as agencies procure the machines
themselves. The larger society will benefit from this study in that it will
educate them on the many side to information communication technology (ICT) and
its effectiveness in public administration and management in the modern
business world.
In addition, this study will be of
significance to the government with respect to policies on the importation of
information equipment. The high costs of these machines are consequent upon the
high tariff imposed on the machines. If the import tax is relaxed or lowered,
the cost of the machines become less and therefore affordable. Finally, this
study no doubt will contribute to learning and then add to the frontiers of
knowledge.
1.16
Definition Of Terms
Owing to the multiplicity of meanings
of words in certain cases, the research needed to give certain words used in
this study their contextual meanings
· Information communication technology (ICT): This refers to a host of machines
that are used in today’s business world for information receipt, processing,
storage and dissemination etc.
· Data: this is
unprocessed information. It is information that is in its raw or unorganized
state.
· Information.
This is the result of processed data. It is a combination of data plus
processing, it is data in the its organized and processed state which can be
used in making business decisions.
· File: this is
a group of related data or information
· Hardware: this
includes the physical components of information handling.
· Software:
programs for the computer
· Processing: a
series of events actions or operation that transfers the original material,
that is data into finished product called information.
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