Abstract
This
study investigated the effect of social vices on the academic performance of
students in tertiary institutions in Rivers State. The survey research design
was used for this study to elicit facts. Total number of one hundred and fifty
(150) questionnaires was administered to the respondents using open and close
data. The data collected was analyzed using simple percentage method. Fourteen
(14) questions were raised and answered. It was revealed that 75.33% responded
to dangers in joining cult groups. The findings on the aware ness of social
vices revealed that 86.66% respondents agreed. It was revealed that 50.66%
respondents agreed that they have been asked to join them. It was also shown
that 57.33% respondents agreed that they are members of social vices, 28% has
been involved in any form of criminal act, 33.33% benefits from being a member
of a cult group. 38% responded that they have taken hard drugs, 38% respondents
that there is no benefit in social vices, The finding of the study revealed
that financial incapability of students,peer group influence, depression,
lifestyle of parents can also influence students to engage in social vices.
Base on the findings, the following recommendations were made: that educational
programme should be organized for students to enlighten them on the dangers of
social vices, Government should also initiate and execute programs that will
benefits the youth.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page - - - - - - - - - - i
Declaration - - - - - - - - - - ii
Certification - - - - - - - - - -
iii
Dedication - - - - - - - - - - iv
Acknowledgement - - - - - - - - - v-vii
Abstract - - - - - - - - - -
viii
Table of content - - - - - - - - -
ix-xi
CHAPTER
ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
of the Study- - - - - - 1 - 5
1.2 Statement
of Problem - - - - - - - 6 - 7
1.3 Purpose
of the Study - - - - -
- 7
1.4 Research
Questions. - - - - - - 7
1.5 Significance
of the study - - - - - 8 - 9
1.6 Hypotheses - - - - - - - - - 9
1.7 Scope
of the study. - - - - - - -
9
1.8 Definition
of Terms. - - - - - - 9-10
CHAPTER
TWO: LETERATURE REVIEW
2.1 The
Concept of Social Vices - - - - -
11-12
2.1.1 History
of Social Vices - - - - 12-13
2.1.2 Types of social vices (Different groups) - -
14
2.1.2.1 Pyrate Confraternity
(Ahoi-Seadog) - - - 14-15
2.1.2.2 Buccaneers Association of
Nigeria (Alora-Sealords) - 15-16
2.1.2.3 Supreme Vikings confraternity
(Aro-mates) - -
16-17
2.1.2.4 Black Axe (Aye-Axemen) - - - - - 17-18
2.1.2.5 Mafia Confraternity (Cico-sons) - - - -
18-19
2.1.2.6 Eternal Fraternal order of
Legion consortium (Dedy na debt) - 19
2.1.2.7 Eiye Confraternity (Haba-Krier) - - - -
20
2.1.3 General
Aims and Objectives of social vices - -
21-22
2.2 Effects
of social vices - - - - - - 23-27
2.2.2 Causes
of Social vices - - - - - - 27-28
2.2.3 Characteristics
of Social vices - - - - - -
28
2.2.4 Consequences
of social vices - - - - - -
28
2.2.5 Reasons
Why Adolescent Join Social Vices - -
28-30
2.3 Rehabilitation
of Social Vices - - - - - -
30
2.4 Evidence
Based Literature on Social Vice - - -
31-32
2.5 Policy
Implications on Social Vices - - - - 33
CHAPTER
THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research
Design- - - - - - - - 34
3.2 Areas
Of Study - - - - - - - - 34
3.3 Population
of the study - - - - - - - 35
3.4 Sample
and Sampling Technique - - - - 35
3.5 Instrument - -
- - - - - - 35
3.6 Validity
of the instrument - - - - -
35
3.7 Reliability
of the instrument - - - - - -
36
3.8 Administration
of Data - - - - -
- - 36
3.9 Method
of Data Analysis - - - - - -
36
CHAPTER
FOUR: RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Introduction - - - - - - -
37
4.1.1 Research
Results and Analysis - - - -
37-64
4.2 Discussion
& Findings - -- - - - 65-67
CHAPTER
FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary - - - - - - - - -
68
5.2 Conclusion - - - - - - - - -
68-69
5.3 Recommendation - - - - - - - - 69-70
5.3.1 Suggestions
for Further Study - - 70
REFERENCES - - - - - - - - - 71-72
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
to the Study
Social
vices activities are rampant in the contemporary Nigerian Society. This is
obvious in the deluge of social vices witnessed on regular bases. These
problems which include various factors such as social inequality, ethnicity,
limited resources, corruption, poverty, sexual promiscuity, criminality, and
other socio-economic crises saturate the length and breadth of the country.
There is a wide gap between the expectations of the society and its actual
manifestations. Hardly would a day go by without a record of one form of social
vices or the other. ( Adenuga, 2006)
In
line with the above, Osarenren (2002) argued that societal attitudes change
because society is dynamic and changes occur quite frequently and to support
her claims, she advanced some fundamental reasons for social vices behaviors in
the society. For her, one of the reasons is the change in the structure of the
society which happens to be as a result of rapid transition from rural to
urbanization and industrialization; secondly, there has been a serious
disruption of sense of community solidarity and of the integrity of the
extended family structure; and thirdly, it is observed that delinquency is on
the rise in deteriorated neighborhoods near the city Centre’s of large cities.
One may therefore surmise that delinquency is closely associated with
urbanization.
From
this perspective, social vices are created by the failure to close the gap
between the way people want things to be and the way things really are
(Coleman, 2001). Certain social conditions are detrimental in any situation
(Eitzen, & Smith et al). These conditions prevent members of a society from
developing and using their full potential. Those conditions like poverty,
discrimination, unequal opportunity are, therefore, social vices.
There
is a common disagreement among experts that deviance is a social vices and
could be seen as a product of both personal and social traits. Osarenren (2002)
argued that any behavior which does not conform to the rules, regulations,
norms and values of a given time is viewed as deviance. In line with this
position, Ajuzie (2005), Submitted that deviance should be eradicated or put to
control in the society. She argues further that the best a society could do in
order to achieve this is to undertake application of knowledge to practical
ends, through corrections, development of policies and programs for fighting
crime and deviance, to reform, remobilize and to treat deviants.
Education is a watchdog that is
essential for correcting the problem of social vices and ensuring conformity to
institutional rules and regulations. The impact of education on change and adjustment
is tremendous in that knowledge is light. It transforms and leads in the right
direction. The plummet of this study is to explore the effect of social vices
on the academic performance of students. Abnormality, disturbances, crises,
issues, violence, unrest and all social vices behaviors, all of which have been
categorized as social vices established in every sector of the Nigerian nation.
The alarming effect of this behavior constitutes a major challenge to Teachers,
Parents, Guardians, Government, and the stake-holders in the educational sector
and even among the well-meaning Nigerians at large. (Abdulahi, 2008).
According
to Awujo (2006), Nigeria today is faced with the syndrome of youth restiveness,
which is believed to be connected to the political, social and economic
problems of our country. He argued that the syndrome of youth restiveness was
borne out of the wounds of despair and disappointment. It is a cry of daily
hurt, persistent injustice, exploitation, impoverishment, pain and anger as a
result of man’s inhumanity to man.
Aside
youth restiveness, there are other social vices witnessed among institutional school
students. Sexual promiscuity is one of the problems associated with students.
Adenuga (2006) supports this claim by stating that the problem of sexual
promiscuity is not a new phenomenon in Nigeria especially among senior
secondary school students. He went on to reveal that many secondary school
students are under pressure to engage in premarital sex as the popular saying
in the urban society is that “everybody is doing it”.
Today,
participation in social vices activities has been extended to students in the
secondary schools, but this was not the case in recent past when social vices
was limited to students of higher institutions only. The case of social vices
on campuses gives credibility to the claims of Salako (2005), that our
institutions of learning in Nigeria today are being rocked by crises caused by
social vices on the campuses. Social vices activities have become the order of
the day so much so that institutions of higher learning seldom run the normal
school calendar.
Corruption
has been linked with participation in social vices in the country. Eneh (2008)
believes that widespread corruption in high places and endemic poverty in the
society are pioneers of social vices in Nigerian educational institutions. This
claim is true when you look at the cases of social vices among students; one
would realize that participation in social vices activities is majorly driven
by the ambition of students to acquire power and money. That is why they hunt
for students from well to do families as initiates, also, some political
leaders in the country make use of student social vices to perpetrate evil so
as to secure their political seats for as long as they want. These social vices
carry out all the dastardly acts for the politicians in exchange for money.
Corruption and endemic poverty are at the very roots of social vices in
Nigeria’s educational institutions. Corruption eats deep into the fabrics of
the society.
Little
wonder, Umar (2007),put forward a staggering statistics that about 2% of
Nigerians control over 60% of the Nation’s financial assets, while over 70% of
the population live below the poverty line (Encarta,2005).
There
is need to also highlight problems of drug and substance abuse, truancy and
juvenile delinquency among students. These all signify the existence of social
vices in the society. Smoking and drug intake among youth, as adjudged by
Oloyede (2000), is rampant among Nigerian youth of different socio-economic
backgrounds both in rural and urban areas. Drug intake and smoking is common
among secondary school students. Cigarettes and other performance-enhancing
drugs come in cheap and readily available, so students can afford them
irrespective of their social class, and also there seems to be no serious laws
in the society prohibiting the access of students to these drugs.
From
the accounts put forward in the background of this study, it is obvious that
Nigeria, as a society, is plagued with multi-faceted social vices. These
problems are affecting every segment of the society including the secondary
schools which is the focus of this study.
1.2 Statement
of Problem
In
recent times, it has become a common phenomenon to read, hear or witness
incidences of students’ involvement in social vices such as teenage
pregnancy/parenting, child abuse, alcohol intake, drug abuse, rape,
prostitution, sexual perversion, stealing, cultism, adolescent suicide, school
dropout and all kinds of wanton crime. It is the society that creates severe
poverty, homelessness and economic hardships. Kyra (2009) supports the
assumption that social vices are created by social structures when she revealed
‘that much of what goes on in society leaks into the school system, impacting
students and their learning experience’. Eitzen et al (2009), also seconded the
assumption by suggesting that norm violations are symptoms of social vices and
that the source of deviance is found within the social structure. He continues,
society plays a role in creating and sustaining deviance by labeling victims
as. This shows that social vices expressed by students are reflective of what
obtains in the larger society.
Many
have agreed that deviant acts perpetrated by students in the secondary schools
are responsible for the downward turn in their academic performance. It is not
certain whether efforts taken by
researchers, teachers ,school administrators and stakeholders at linking
behaviors among secondary school
students to social vices with a view to decrease these behaviors. In the light
of the overall challenges of social vices in schools, this study sets out to
examine the effect of social vices on the academic performance of student.
1.3 Purpose
of the Study
The
specific objectives of the study include:
1. To
identify the common types of social vices exhibited by students.
2. To
evaluate the social implications of the behavior exhibited by the students.
3. To
assess the various ways in which social vices affects students’ classroom
activities.
4. To
ascertain the impact of social vices on students’ academic performance.
1.4 Research
Questions.
The
study provided answers to the following research questions:
1. What
are the common types of social vices exhibited by students?
2. What
are the social implications of behaviors exhibited by the students?
3. To
what extent do social vices affect students’ classroom activities?
4. To
what extent do social vices impact on students’ academic performance?
5. What
are the measures that can be used to eradicate social vices among students
1.5 Significance
of the study
The
study will be beneficial to the following individuals:
1. The Students:
The findings and recommendations of the study will inform students and help
them understand the manifestations of social vices in schools .It will
enlighten them on ways of managing social vices and its influence on classroom
activities.
2. The Teachers:
The study will help them to easily identify students who exhibit behaviors that
reflect social vices. They will also be equipped with the knowledge of managing
students that are prone to social vices and working effectively with parents.
3. The Parents:
Parents will benefit from knowledge of social vices which will enable them
identify and associate with their children with the intent of solving the
perceived problems.
4. School Authority:
The school authority will be encouraged to pay more attention to social
re-orientation programs such as sex education, health and safety awareness,
HIV/AIDS awareness, drug-free initiatives and adolescent counseling programmes.
5. Government:
Relevant information on social vices in schools will inspire the Government to
take pro-active measures, which may include enacting laws that will protect the
rights of vulnerable students. It is expected that at the top of Government
agenda is eradication of endemic poverty and its withering effects on school
children.
6. The Society:
The study will create awareness on the social ills of the society. The
awareness is expected to generate concerns for majority of people and stake
holders in the society who in turn will gear up to eradicate the prevalent of
social vices in the society.
1.6 Hypotheses
The
following hypotheses were tested in the study:
1. The
social vices students’ exhibit in school will not impact negatively on their
academic performance.
2. There
will be no gender difference in students’ abnormal behaviors.
1.7 Scope
of the study.
The
study covers the effect of Social vices on the academic performance of Bane comprehensive college students .
1.8 Definition
of Terms.
1. Academic performance:
This is the behavior of a student that can be directly observed by evaluating
what he/she has learnt during a course of study. This behavior can be measured
through class work, homework, class participation and tests.
2. Deviance: This
refers to possibility of an individual or group deviating from an established
norm. Any behavior which does not conform to the rules, regulations, norms, and
values of a given time is viewed as deviance.
3. Social vices: These
are bad characters, unhealthy and negative behaviors that are against the
morality of a society and frowned at by members of the society.
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