THE EFFECT OF AUDITING ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF AN ORGANIZATION (A STUDY OF FIRST BANK PLC)

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ABSTRACT

This study delves into the pivotal role of auditing in shaping the financial performance of organizations, with a focus on First Bank PLC. Through a survey research design, utilizing structured questionnaires and personal interviews, primary data was collected from a sample size of 36 respondents comprising managers and operational staff of First Bank PLC. The primary objective was to ascertain the influence of auditing practices on the financial performance of the bank.

 

The findings of this study reveal a significant relationship between auditing and financial performance within the context of First Bank PLC. Utilizing simple regression analysis, the study uncovers critical insights into how auditing practices impact various aspects of financial performance, including profitability, liquidity, and overall stability.

 

The research highlights the importance of robust auditing practices in enhancing transparency, accountability, and risk management within First Bank PLC. Furthermore, it underscores the role of auditing in fostering investor confidence, which in turn positively affects the bank's market performance and stakeholder relations.

 

Moreover, the study sheds light on the challenges and opportunities associated with auditing processes within the banking sector. It identifies areas where improvements in auditing methodologies and procedures can lead to more effective risk management and financial decision-making.

 

Overall, this study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing empirical evidence of the significant role played by auditing in driving financial performance within the banking sector, specifically within the context of First Bank PLC. The findings underscore the importance of continuous evaluation and enhancement of auditing practices to ensure the long-term sustainability and success of financial institutions.




 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background to the Study

1.2     Statement of the Problem

1.3     Objectives of the Study

1.4         Research Questions

1.5     Research Hypotheses

1.6     Significance of the Study

1.7     Scope of the Study 

 

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1     Conceptual Framework

2.1.1 Concept of Auditing

2.1.2 Audit committee quality and internal control

2.1.3 Audit committee characteristics and quality of earnings

2.1.4 Audit Quality definition, Framework and Indicators

2.1.5 Internal Control system and Financial Performance

2.1.6 The concept of Internal Audit

2.1.7 Scope and Objective of Auditing

2.1.8 Benefits of Auditing

2.1.9 Internal Audit and Management

2.1.10 Concepts of Financial Control

2.1.11 Concept of Internal Control System

2.1.12 Qualifications of the Chief Audit Executive and Firm

Performance

2.1.13 Auditing Classification

2.1.14 Objectives of Audit in Banking Sector 

2.1.15 Roles of Auditing in Banking Sectors

2.1.16 Need for Effectiveness and Efficiency of Audit     

2.1.17 Factors Militating against Effective and Efficiently of an Audit

2.2     Theoretical Framework

2.2.1 Agency theory

2.2.2 Stewardship theory

2.2.3 Stakeholders Theory  

2.3     Empirical Review

 

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

3.1     Research Design

3.2     Area of the Study

3.5     Methods of Data Collection

3.5.1 Personal interview

3.3.2 Questionnaire

3.3     Population of the Study

3.4     Sample Size and Sample Size Determination

3.6     Validity of instrument

3.7     Reliability of the instrument

3.5     Method of Data Analysis

 

CHAPTER 4

DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

4.1.    Presentation of Data

4.2.    Analysis of Data on Hypothesis one

4.2.1. Test of hypothesis one

4.3.    Analysis of Data on Hypothesis two

4.3.1. Test of hypothesis two

4.4.    Analysis of Data on Hypothesis three

4.4.1. Test of hypothesis three

 

CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1     Summary of Findings

5.2     Conclusion

5.3     Recommendations

REFERENCES

APPENDIX A Questionnaire

APPENDIX B: Regression Data




 

 

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

 

1.1 Background to the Study

Auditing serves as an important link in the business and financial reporting processes of corporations. Auditors play a key role in monitoring a company’s risk profile and identifying areas to improve risk management.  The aim of auditing is to improve organizational efficiency and effectiveness. The turbulent effects of the global financial crisis have highlighted the critical importance of credible high quality financial reporting.  Achieving quality financial reporting depends on the role that the external audit plays in supporting the quality of financial reporting of quoted companies. 

Auditing is the examination of accounting records with a view to ascertaining their accuracy and compliance with relevant statutory provisions, accounting standards, professional pronouncements, and the organizational policies. It is an important part of the regulatory and supervisory infrastructure and thus an activity of significant public interest. Audit quality is one of the most important issues in audit practice today. Several individuals and groups; both internal and external, have an interest in the quality of audited financial information (IAASB, 2011; Heil, 2012).

The financial statement audit is a monitoring mechanism that helps reduce information asymmetry and protect the interests of the various stakeholders by providing reasonable assurance that the management’s financial statements are free from material misstatements. The societal role of auditors should be a key contribution to financial performance, in terms of reducing the risks of significant misstatements and by ensuring that the financial statements are elaborated according to preset rules and regulations. Lower risks on misstatements increase confidence in capital markets, which in turn lowers the cost of capital for firms (Heil, 2012; Watts and Zimmerman, 1986).

External financial statement users, including current and potential investors, creditors and others need reliable financial information on which to base their resource allocation decisions. When the financiers of organizations have confidence and trust in the audited financial report of an organization, they are bound to pour in more funds into the organization, which in turn results in increased financial performance. Regulators and standard setters can increase the effectiveness of quoted companies by promulgating rules and regulations that help ensure that audits improve financial information quality. Internal financial statement users such as management, audit committees and board of directors have an interest in quality audits, for example; to help reduce the cost of capital (Miettinen, 2011).

Audit quality plays an important role in maintaining an efficient market environment; an independent quality audit underpins confidence in the credibility and integrity of financial statements which is essential for well functioning markets and enhanced financial performance. 

External audits performed in accordance with high quality auditing standards can promote the implementation of accounting standards by reporting entities and help ensure that their financial statements are reliable, transparent and useful. Sound audits can help reinforce strong corporate governance, risk management and internal control at firms, thus contributing to financial performance (Internal Audits Board, 2011).

The statutory audit can reinforce confidence because auditors are expected to provide an external, objective opinion on the preparation and presentation of financial statements. Auditors need to be independent in the opinions they express, while the work they have to do to form their opinions is highly dependent on and rooted in the real world and may become challenging in some business environments such as the cement industry. It is against this background that this research work is carried out.

There have been concerns about audit quality in the present environment, where severe failures have come to light, for example; Enron scandal of 2001; Parmalat in 2003; Cadbury Nigeria Plc in 2006 and Afribank Nigeria Plc in 2009 (Ajani, 2012; Miettinen, 2011).

It has been found that the perceived reliability of audited financial information has declined. In contrast, the perceived relevance of audited financial information has increased. The effect of audit quality on financial performance has recently received attention from researchers in the western world. Studies have shown that auditing has an impact on the financial performance of an organization (Beasley, 1996; Heil, 2012; Miettinen, 2011).


1.2 Statement of the Problem

There is a general consensus that any organization without an internal control system in place is generally exposed to several threats that are capable of crumbling the organization in less or no time. Prominent amongst such threats are: Problem of incorrect financial statement and /loss of the company’s’ assets; stealing and miss-management of organizational vital documents which may be done by an employee to take undue advantage. There is also the issue of incorrect and unreliable financial records which may lead to loss of organizational integrity; non implementation of accounting policies in consistent with the applicable legislation appropriate in presentation of financial statement as well as non-adherence of annual budgets and implementation of planning policies (Ajani, 2012).


1.3 Objectives of the Study

The general objective of the study is to examine the effect of auditing on financial performance of an organization. However, the specific objectives of the study includes:

(i)            To determine the effect of auditing on fraud detection, prevention and control.

(ii)          To examine the effect of auditing on accountability of an organization.

(iii)        To determine the effect of auditing on reliability of financial statement


1.5  Research Questions

(i)            What is the effect of auditing on fraud detection, prevention and control?

(ii)          What is the effect of auditing on accountability of an organization?

(iii)        What is the effect of auditing on reliability of financial statement?


1.5 Research Hypotheses

For the purpose of the study the following hypotheses was tested in null form

H01: Auditing has no significant effect on fraud detection, prevention and control.

H02: Auditing has no significant effect on accountability of an organization.

H03: Auditing has no significant effect on reliability of financial statement.


1.6 Significance of the Study

The study will benefit the following group of bodies;

Audit unit/department: Findings from the study will adequately reveal the strengths and weaknesses of auditing unit in carrying out their functions.

Banking sector: the study will enable Nigeria banks to know the effectiveness of auditing and its role in controlling and safeguarding the resources against fraud and irregularities. It will help them in their proper financial management and book keeping for effective performance of their business.

General public: This study is also important to the public since audit helps in financial management and it also helps in detection and prevention of fraud.

Researchers/students: The study would therefore be of immense value as it will contribute to the existing literature and motivate researchers who may be interested to carry out similar study on the effect of auditing for efficient financial management of an organization.


1.7 Scope of the Study 

The scope of the study is the effect of auditing on financial performance of an organization. The study was carried out in using First bank Plc for data generation. The study focused more the effect of auditing on fraud detection, prevention and control, effect of auditing on accountability and the effect of auditing on reliability of financial statement.


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