TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
1.3 PURPOSE OF
STUDY .
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
1.5 RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
1.6 HYPOTHESES
1.7 DELIMITATION
1.8 LIMITATION
1.9 DEFINITION
OF TERMS
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE
REVIEW
2.0
HIV - meaning
2.1
AID - meaning
2.2
Mode of transmission
2.3
Basic facts about HIV / AIDS
2.4
HIV testing
2.5
Advantages of HIV testing and counseling
2.6
Attitude of people to VCT
2.7
Barrier to voluntary counseling and testing
2.8
Testing procedures arid strategy for HIV testing
2.9
Perception of people on HIV voluntary testing
CHAPTER THREE
3.0
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design
3.2 Population
3.3 Sample
3.4 Research Instrument
3.5 Procedure for data
collection
3.6 Procedure of data
analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF
FINDINGS
4.1 Data Presentation
4.2 Data Analysis
4.3 Discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 CONCLUSION
5.1 RECOMMENDATION
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The Joint United Nations
program on HIV/AIDS estimates that currently, there are 39.4 million people
living with HIV worldwide, with 4.9 million new cases of HIV infection in
the year and 3.1 million deaths due to .AIDS. Of the approximately 40 million people afflicted
with HIV/AIDS worldwide, the top three locations are in nations of
sub-Saharan Africa, with 25.4 million, cases, .followed by 9.6 million combined cases in
nations of Asia Eastern Europe and 1 million cases in North America. A joint
report on the AIDS pandemic by .UNAIDS and the WHO pointed to steep increases
in HIV inflections in East Asia Eastern Europe and Central Asia
between 2002-2004.
Many World health bodies
since the discovery of HIV / AIDS ·have been reporting frightening increases in
the prevalence rates - the virus and syndrome, particularly between adolescent and
youths. Half of the newly HIV infected persons are about 15,000. 6,000 per day and they are aged
15-,29 largely adolescents under
which undergraduates' falls. This alarming rate of spread of HIV/ AIDS also
includes Nigeria, where about 5.4% of adults (ages 15-49) are living with HIV /
AIDS.
University of Lagos,
Akoka, Nigeria of about 35,000 populations with 100 different cultures and
ethnic backgrounds. Student life in University of Lagos is very active and
dynamic and since these students are youths therefore, it is a common thing to
find them with common interests which can lead to best of times or worst of
times or a time
of marvelous new birth as a result of the friendship tie that are formed between boys
and girls and that are often centered around sex.
HIV voluntary testing is a
process whereby an individual willingly accept to go for a HIV test and before
the test is conducted, he or she is counseled, the counseling is aimed at
enabling the client to cope with stress and take personal decision relating to
HIV/AIDS. The counseling is provided to prevent further transmission of HIV and
provide psychosocial support to those infected. After the counseling, HIV
antibody test is conducted to identify the presence of antibodies to HIV in the
blood and afterwards a ·post - test counseling is carried out which will depend
on the test result.
Research evidence show
that undergraduate attitude towards HIV voluntary testing is a very important
factor in knowing the HIV status of the population of a nation like Nigeria who
is named among those countries where levels of knowledge of safe sex and HIV
remain low. For instance, student who cultivate negative attitude towards
voluntary testing are pure evidence that their perception about HIV/AIDS IS very poor therefore,
there is the need for intense advocacy for voluntary counseling and testing and
all undergraduates should endeavour to willingly go for voluntary HIV· test
which will held in curbing the increasing number of HIV transmission.
In the present
circumstance. of this scourge of HIV/AIDS, voluntary counseling and testing is
paramount and this is urgently needed, especially by the undergraduates who are
seen as a vulnerable group and who are constantly influenced by the environment
in which they live, particularly among their peers. Hence; there is the need
for this research work to determine the attitude of undergraduates of the University of Lagos
towards HIV voluntary testing.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The issue of increasing'
number of HIV infections and AIDS have become a global debate, since the
discovery of this killer virus reports have shown' the frightening increase in
the prevalence rates of the virus and. syndrome, particularly among adolescent
and youths. This alarming rate of spread of HIV infections and AIDS also
includes country like Nigeria where 5.4% of adults (ages 15-49) are living with
the HIV infection and AIDS.
Therefore, the study is
conceived to gain insight into the attitude of undergraduates of University of
Lagos towards HIV voluntary testing. It will try to find answers to the
following:
1.
Will students of University of Lagos be knowledgeable able
voluntary counseling and testing?
2.
Will students of University of Lagos consider VCT as
useful in preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS?
3.
Will students of University of Lagos know where to access
VCT Centres?
4.
Will students of University of Lagos know their HIV
status?
1.3 PURPOSE OF STUDY .
The major purpose of this
study will be to:
1.
Find out whether the attitude of undergraduates towards
HIV voluntary testing will be positive.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Since knowledge breeds action and informed
response then, there is the need to inform undergraduates of University of
Lagos the need for HIV voluntary testing which will make them to know their HIV
status and when this is known they are at the epicenter of preventing the
progression of the HIV/AIDS pandemic.
The result of this
research will provide undergraduates the opportunities of awareness on safer
options, maintain safer sexual and drug- related behaviours.
It will also provide an
opportunity to further reduce the spread, burden and stigma of HIV/AIDS.
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
i. Will the student of
University of Lagos want to go for HIV voluntary test?
ii. Will the student of
University of Lagos accept the fact that VCT helps in curbing HIV transmission?
iii.
Will the student of
University of Lagos be able to name
two VCT Centres?
iv. Will the student. of
University of Lagos know their HIV status
1.6 HYPOTHESES
1. Students In University
of- Lagos will not be knowledgeable about HIV Voluntary Counseling and testing.
2. Students in University of
Lagos will not know their HIV status.
3. Students In University of
Lagos will not consider HIV voluntary counseling and testing useful in preventing the
spread of HIV
4. Students in University of
Lagos will not be aware of facilities offering HIV voluntary counseling and
testing.
1.7 DELIMITATION
The study was delimited
to only undergraduates of University of Lagos from two faculties namely:-
a.
Education
b.
Social Sciences
1.8 LIMITATION
The major constraint In
the course of study Was that of fatigue experienced by the researcher and the
administration of questionnaires, as most of the respondents were not ready to
sit and tick any questionnaire, most of the respondents were afraid to answer
questions on HIV / AIDS.
The collection and
coalition of data really proven difficulty due to the nature of research and
subject used.
1.3 DEFINITION OF TERMS
AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndrome
HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus
VIRUS: The smallest of the microorganisms that causes diseases.
ENDEMIC: An endemic
disease is always present in a particular place.
PREVALENT: Common at a particular
time or in a particular place
PANDEMIC: A disease that affects
the population of a large area.
IMMUNE SYSTEM: The system by which your body protects itself against disease.
INTRAVENOUS: An injection that is done into a
vein. CIRCUMCISION: The act of cutting off
the skin at the end of the penis (male] the Clitoris (female).
SCARIFICATION: The making of small cuts
on an area of skin using a sharp knife.
VCT: Voluntary Counseling and
Testing.
SPECIFICITY: Of a HIV test is the percentage of
HIV negative cases that are correctly identified as negative by the test.
SENSITIVITY: Of a HIV test is the percentage of
HIV positive cases that are correctly identified as positive by the test.
FHI: Family Health
International
SWAAN:- Society for Women And Aids In Africa
Nigeria Chapter.
STIs: Sexual Transmitted Infections
PLWHA: People Living with
HIV/AIDS
ARV:- Antiretroviral Drug
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