ABSTRACT
The study attempted to
investigate the relationship between school facilities and students performance
in selected public secondary schools in Lagos State.
In this study relevant related literature review was carried out under
sub-headings. The research survey design was used in order to assess the
opinions of the respondents with the use of the questionnaire and the sampling
technique. A total of 120 (one hundred and twenty) respondents were sampled for
the study. Two null hypotheses were formulated and tested in this study, the
independent t-test for hypothesis one and three, while hypotheses was tested
using the Pearson product moment coefficient statistical tool at 0.05 level of
significance. At the end of the analysis, the following results emerged: that
there is a significant relationship between facilities and students’ academic
performance in the schools and here is a significant difference between the
academic performance of students who attended schools where there are
facilities and those whose schools do not have facilities. Based on the
conclusion of the study, the following recommendations were made thus: School authorities
should endeavour to supply adequate infrastructure to the schools, especially
at the secondary and primary school levels and Government should ensure that
the budgetary allocations for the educational sector are increased so as to
enhance the acquisition of infrastructures in the school so that teaching and
learning process will be improved upon.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Table of contents vi
CHAPTER
ONE: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1
Background to the Study 1
1.2
Statements of the Problem 4
1.3
Purpose of the Study 5
1.4
Research Questions 6
1.5
Research Hypotheses 6
1.6
Significant of the Study 7
1.7
Scope and Limitations of the Study 8
CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review 9
2.1
Concept of Education Facilities 9
2.2
Educational Facilities and Planning 10
2.3
Maintenance of School Facilities 15
2.4
Disparities Between Urban and Rural Areas in
Educational
Facilities 20
2.5
Maintenance Concepts: Rehabilitation Remodeling,
Modernization,
Replacement 21
2.6
Nature of Infrastructures in the School System 23
CHAPTER THREE:
Research Design and Methodology 29
3.0 Introduction 29
3.1 Research Design 29
3.2
Population of the Study 29
3.3
Sample and Sampling Technique 29
3.4
Research Instrument 30
3.5
Procedure for Data Collection 30
3.6
Data Analysis Procedure 30
CHAPTER FOUR: Data
Analysis and Discussion of Results 31
4.1 Introduction 31
4.2 Description of Bio-Data 31
4.3 Description of Students Response to the
Research Questions 34
4.4 Hypothesis Testing 40
4.5 Summary of Findings 44
4.6 Discussion of Findings 44
CHAPTER FIVE:
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations 48
5.1
Introduction 48
5.2
Summary of the Study 48
5.3
Conclusions 49
5.4
Recommendations 50
5.5
Suggestion for Further Studies 51
References 53
Appendix 56
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background
to the Study
Facility means the
system which supports the operation of an organisation or an institution to
carry its daily activities and to promote growth and development in such
organisation or institution.
Facility refers to the
entire environment of the school or an organisation, it refers to both the
physical and material resources available to the students and teachers in the
school to facilitate their learning and teaching process. The classrooms; the
libraries and the laboratories for sciences are the three main areas of
facilities identified in the school system or environment. (Onyeji, 1990)
Facilities enhance
teaching and learning in schools. The state of facilities found in many
Nigerian schools is very discouraging. The shortage of classroom in many
schools is so acute than sixty pupils occupy classrooms that are meant for only
forty pupils. Library facilities, books, classrooms furniture, laboratories and
workshops are grossly inadequate. Urevbu (2006) has observed that the physical
environment of many primary schools in Nigeria presents a sorry sight with
dilapidated buildings, dingy classrooms devoid of seats and writing tables, and
dirty and non-functional or no toilets, the physical environment of such
primary schools is not conducive for learning.
The inadequacy of
facilities and learning resources is responsible for the decline in the quality
of primary education. equally worrisome is a sanitation where classrooms do not
have science laboratories, and a large number of pupils go to schools without
basic textbooks and other materials (Urevbu, 2006).
Mennhein and Steward
(2002) had identified overcrowded classrooms as one of the causes of poor
school performance and examination malpractices. Teaching and management also
become difficulty. It is a well-know fact that the facilities and equipment
currently available are inadequate for the education in Nigeria.
If education in Nigeria must
succeed, adequate classrooms have to be provided to accommodate the large
number of pupils to cope with the expected surge in demand for education at
both the primary and junior secondary levels of education. Furthermore, for the
successful implementation of the educational programmes, adequate planning need
to be done. The scheme should not be concerned with only quantitative aspects.
Libraries and books
give great assistance to both the teachers and the learners. In a situation
whereby our secondary school students are left with no choice to make their
text books as the only source of knowledge, the danger of exposing them to
obsolete knowledge in old books donated by the British Council several years
ago as one normally finds in the old secondary schools should not be
overlooked. According to Dada (1994), any one who is familiar with some
secondary school classrooms in Nigeria,
especially in Lagos
State, will agree that no
meaningful teaching/learning activities can effectively take place in most of
them, even if teachers are God-sent and the learners are pack of highly
intelligent personalities. The problem is that where there are classrooms, they
are overcrowded to the extent that classrooms originally meant for between 30
and 40 students, take between 60 and 80 students with a good number of them
sitting on windows. In this situation, neither the teacher nor the students can
move freely as expected in our secondary school classrooms. This is why many
teachers do not give assignments to such large number of students regularly as
expected. And this has affected students academic performance drastically.
On science
laboraories, Olarewaju (1994) claims that only few schools have science
laboratories which are well equipped to carry out scientific experiments in
courses such as biology, physics, and chemistry. A good number of schools teach
biology or chemistry as if they are non-science subjects without laboratory.
Some other schools which are so during, teach the three branches of science
without laboratories in the hope that they would use other schools,
laboratories during their examinations or compel students to contribute money
for purchase of science equipment through the school Parents Teachers
Association (PTA). It should be noted that the greater failure rate is in
science because our schools lack the essential science to the students but
rather, resort to the theoretical science without the use of laboratory. The
contention is that the nation has been unfair not only to students in our secondary
schools but also to herself. This s because no nation can develop technology
through theoretical teaching of science subjects, under poor educational
facilities, no meaningful teaching and learning can take place, and the normal
refrain in the educational circle is that all is well with our secondary
schools.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The importance of
school facilities and academic achievement of students cannot be
overemphasized. This is because, school facilities such as school libraries,
laboratories, spacious classrooms and so on, complete learning outcomes of
students. These days, overcrowded classrooms, non-availability of current books
in some secondary schools, libraries, lack of science laboratories in some
schools and unhygienic environment of some schools in Lagos State.
This has caused problem in the teaching and learning processes in the school
system and resultant effect is the low academic performance of students.
The above identified
problems gave rise to the examination of school facilities and students
performance in selected public and private secondary schools in Lagos State.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The major purpose of
this study is to examine school facilities and students’ academic performance
in selected secondary schools in Mushin Local Government Area of Lagos State.
Other objectives of
the study will include to:
(1)
find out whether there is relationship between
school facilities and students’ academic performance.
(2)
examine whether there is no adequate provision
of facilities in our secondary schools.
(3)
identify the causes of inadequate provision of
school facilities in our secondary schools.
(4)
proffer solutions to the problems of
inadequate provision of facilities in the secondary schools.
1.4
Research
Questions
These research
questions will be raised for the study.
(1)
Is there any relationship between school
facilities and students’ academic performance?
(2)
Are the facilities in the secondary schools
inadequate?
(3)
How can the causes of inadequate provision of
facilities in the secondary schools be identified?
(4)
To what extent can the problems of inadequate
facilities in the schools be solved?
1.5
Research
Hypotheses
The following
hypotheses will be formulated for the study:
(1)
There will be no significant relationship
between facilities and students academic performance in the schools.
(2)
There will be no significant difference
between the academic performance of students who attended secondary schools
where there are adequate facilities and those who attended secondary schools
where there are inadequate facilities.
(3)
There will be no significant gender difference
in the performance of students in public and private secondary schools.
1.6
Significance
of the Study
This
study will be beneficial to the following people:
(1)
It is hoped that students will benefit from
this study because they would be able to have proper insight and understanding
that non provision of infrastructures in the secondary schools will adversely
affect their academic performance.
(2)
Teachers it is hoped would, through the study
come to terms with the fact that the provision of adequate infrastructures will
help both students and teachers to facilitate the teaching and learning
processes.
(3)
The school authorities would utilize the
findings and recommendations of this study to find solution to the problem of
inadequate provision of infrastructures in our secondary schools. They would through
this study understand better the effect of inadequate provision of
infrastructures in our schools, on the teachers work performance and the
academic performance of students.
(4)
It would be of benefit to parents because it
will enable them to understand the effect of inadequate infrastructures on
academic and work performance of both students and teachers. With the finding
and recommendations of this study parents would help the school authorities to
find lasting solutions to the problem of inadequate provision of
infrastructures in our schools.
(1)
The society will benefit from the study
because when there is adequate provision of infrastructure in the schools
teachers would work better to produce better crop of students for the society.
1.7
Scope
and Limitations of the Study
The study will cover
school facilities and students academic performance in selected public and
private secondary schools in Mushin Local Government Area of Lagos State.
Sourcing of good materials for literature review, limited finance, time frame
and other logistics will pose hindrance to the study.
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