ABSTRACT
This study investigated sandwich
studentship and information and communication technology at University of Lagos,
Akoka Lagos. Background information on sandwich studentship and information and
communication technology (ICT) were provided in this study. The descriptive
research survey design was applied in collecting relevant information from the
selected respondents. This was done through the use of the questionnaire and
personal observation with the students who participate in this study. The
personal data collected from the sampled principals and vice-principals were
analysed using the simple percentage frequency counts, while the four null
hypotheses formulated in the study were analysed, using the independent t-test
statistical tool at 0.05 level of significance. The results obtained showed
that that there is a significant relationship between information communication
technology and students’ learning behaviour in University of Lagos, that there
is a significant relationship between information communication technology and
students’ academic achievement in school at University of Lagos, and finally,
it was indicated in hypothesis three that there is a significant difference
between the perception of students of information communication technology from
that of their teachers. Based on the findings in this study, it is recommended
that Students should endeavour to embrace the use of information communication
technology, especially, the sandwich students, the present circular at various
levels of education should be reviewed to reflect information communication
technology application, communication and utilization skills, every university
should internally work out ways and means of properly computerizing her
functions. The committee of vice-chancellors of Nigerian Universities should
pick interest in the programme of proper computerization of Nigerian
Universities in view of the enormous benefits derivable from it. Furthermore,
possible suggestion towards further studies were offered.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgment iv
Abstract v
Table of contents vi
CHAPTER
ONE 1
Introduction/Background
to the Study 1
Statement of the
Problem 4
Purpose of the Study
6
Research Questions 7
Research Hypotheses 8
Significance of the
study 8
Scope of the Study 10
Definition of Terms 10
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 12
Introduction
13
The
Concept and Nature of Information Communication Technology 15
The
Utilization of Information Communication Technology (ICT) 20
The
Problems Inhibiting Utilization of Information
Communication
Technology 24
Purpose
of University Education in Nigeria
27
The
Relevance/Role of Information Communication Technology (ICT) in Improving
Quality of University Education 28
Information
Communication Technology as a Facilitator to Teaching
and
Learning 29
Summary
of Review 30
CHAPTER
THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 32
Research design 32
Population 33
Sampling technique 33
Sample size 33
Research instrument
34
Validity and
Reliability 34
Procedure for data
collection 35
Procedure for data
analysis 35
CHAPTER
FOUR: Data Analysis and Presentation of
Results 36
Result Presentation
38
Hypothesis Testing 45
Summary of Findings
49
CHAPTER FIVE: Summary,
Discussion of Findings, Implications, Recommendations, Suggestions for Further Research and
Conclusion 50
Summary of Findings 50
Discussion
of Findings 51
Implication of
Results 59
Recommendations 60
Suggestion for Further Studies 63
Conclusion 63
References 65
Appendix 68
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
to the Study
The predominant means
of instruction has traditionally been through verbal medium, either as spoken
lecture or written text. As more instructional resources of many different
media types become available to students, especially the sandwich ones through
the internet, there is a need for educators to understand when these sources
may be used effectively for instruction, as well as a need for students to
develop an additional set of literacy skills in order to learn from these sources
(Anyakoha, 1990).
Tyner (2000) argued
that in the information age, the concept of literacy has been simultaneously
broadened and splinted into many literacies in part because “the all purpose
word literacy seems hopelessly anachronistic, tainted with the nostalgic ghost
of a fleeting industrial age. The term information communication technology is
among several terms that have been associated with literacy to emphasize that
literacy extends beyond reading and writing the alphabetic codes, and should
include a variety of audio-visual forms of representation. Associating
information communication technology with the literacy also highlights a belief
among many scholars and educators that conceptions of literacy or studentship
and how it is developed should not focus exclusively on printed materials but
should include electronic media that have moved into the mainstream of
communication especially at the end of the twentieth century.
Implicit in these
views is that research and practice related to literacy must be transformed to
accommodate new ways of accessing, process and using information by sandwich students
generally by and the sandwich students in particular (Aaron, 1997). Information
encompasses a wide range variety of things ranging from oral and printed words,
figures, statements, files and documents to such intangible elements as sound
signals, rays and waves. Whatever the form information takes, the essence of
information is that it conveys messages.
UNESCO (1979), defined
information simply as “set of data recorded in a methodical manner” which
includes: any item of knowledge capable of facilitating the operation of a
system; and any numerical or alpha-numerical quantity processed by the machine,
the aggregate of information constitutes the data and results of a problem. According
to (Adamson, 1998), claims the term information technology refers to the
application of scientific knowledge. Information communication technology ,
therefore can be defined as the acquisition, processing, storage and dissemination
of vocal, pictoral, textual and numerical information by a micro-based
combination of computing and telecommunication.
Telecommunication is a special kind of
communication in which information is conveyed over a long distance.
Information communication technology (ICT) also refers to the more efficient
and effective way of storing, accessing and updating information than processes
involving paper. In the recent time, sandwich students, most especially, have
benefited from the use of information communication technology (ICT) such as
computer, television, telephone and the internet as a veritable sources of
information in their academic career or pursuit.
Uzoma (1999) opined
that sandwich students, andmost adolescents use the information communication
technology especially the internet to gather vital educational information or
materials, register their courses of study, check their results of JAMB, NECO,
GCE, POST UME etc. Onuoha (2000), posited that the advent of information
technology has made education more simple and easy for students especially, the
students in the sandwich studies at University of Lagos. Onuoha claimed that information
communication technology has helped sandwich students in many ways such as
project writing and collection of necessary information leading to effective
studies. Onuoha further stated that information communication technology has
created a remarkable balance and effectiveness in the daily activities of
students mostly the sandwich students who are in the habits of using the
computer and the internets to carry out faster storage and retrieval of
information in the academic environment or school.
As Adelekunnu (1994)
puts it, information communication technology (ICT) can be used to assist sandwich
students to get along with others, achieving self-reliance and educational
success. Also, it can help them to achieve professional success and to adhere
to societal values and norms. With information technology, sandwich students
achieve high academic laurels in school, especially at the University of Lagos.
1.2 Statement
of the Problem
Information
communication technology as an effective means of storing, accessing,
retrieving or collecting vital information is often times used by sandwich
students to carry out their educational activities. With the advent of
information technology, sandwich students access information that lead them to
successful academic and professional achievement. Nevertheless, information
communication technology seems to have corrupted students, especially, the
adolescents who are in sandwich studies. For instance, some sandwich students
are often seen glued for hours to the television and the internet watching or
viewing pornographic films or pictures that are capable of bending their minds
and distorting their dispositions. Studies have shown (Asobie, Achizie and
Anywanwu., 1995), that some sandwich students who browse the internets often
are more corrupt than those who do not.
Sandwich students who
use the internet often or watch the television involved in sexual promiscuity,
examination malpractices, stealing and other vices or indisciplines that are
always carried out in the school, especially at the University of Lagos. In
recent times, many sandwich students have been caught using Global System Mobile Network (GSM) phones to carry out or perpetrate
examination malpractices; to connect friends and associates in crimes.
Both adults and
students are found to use the GSM phones to tell assorted kinds of lies and
deceit in the larger society and this has made corruption to be well rooted in
the society in which we live. The more advanced manner in which television
programmes are aired and commendable, but many of the programmes show very bad
and aggressive films and many sandwich students watch them after which they
start acting what they have seen and this has affected their psyche negatively.
1.3 Purpose
of the Study
The major purpose of
this study is to carry out an investigation on the sandwich studentship and
information communication technology utilization at University of Lagos.
Other purposes include
the following:
1.
Examine the influence that information
communication technology has influence on sandwich students’ behaviour.
2.
Assess the significant relationship between information
communication technology and students’ academic achievements.
3.
Assess the constant use of ICT by sandwich more
often than their counterpart part time students.
4.
Evaluate the socio-economic status of students
who often use information communication technology in their educational career.
5.
Determine the gender difference in the use of
ICT among sandwich students.
1.4 Research
Questions
The following research
questions were raised in this study:
1.
To what extent can the influence of
information communication technology on sandwich students’ learning behaviour
be examined?
2.
Is there any relationship between information
communication technology and students’ academic achievement?
3.
Do sandwich students constant use information
communication technology more often than their counterparts in part-time
studies?
4.
Do students from high socio-economic homes use
ICT often than their counterparts from low-socio-economic homes?
5.
Is there any gender difference in the use of
information communication technology among sandwich students?
Research Hypotheses
The undermentioned
hypotheses were tested in this study.
1.
There will be no significant relationship
between information communication technology and students’ learning behaviour
at University of Lagos.
2.
There will be no significant relationship
between information communication technology and students academic achievement
at University of Lagos.
3.
There will be no significant gender difference
between in the use of ICT among sandwich students and the part time students.
4.
There will be no significant difference
between the academic performance of students from high socio-economic homes and
those from low-socio-economic homes due to use of ICT.
5.
There will be no significant gender difference
in the use of information communication technology among sandwich students.
1.6 Significance
of the Study
This study will be
beneficial to the following:
Sandwich students
will benefit from the findings and recommendations of this study because it
help them to be able to be more aware of the information communication
technology in the school. This study will enable students to get more involved
in the utilization of information communication technology due to the benefits
derivable from it. Teachers will find this study beneficial because with the
findings and recommendations of this study, teachers would avail themselves of
the opportunity to get involved in the use of information communication
technology because of the numerous benefits that can be derived from it. With
the study also, information communication technology and their functions.
This study will assist
the school authority to be able to know more about information communication
technology and its functions especially in the life of the sandwich students.
The recommendations of this study will enable the school authority to expand
its policy on the availability and usage of information communication
technology in the school system in Nigeria. The society will benefit
from this study, because it will assist the society to be information
communication technology friendly due to the advantages it has. This study will
afford the society to know more about information communication technology and
its functions in the world today.
1.7 Scope of the Study
This
study will cover the influence of information communication technology
utilization on sandwich students learning outcomes at University of Lagos,
Akoka, Lagos.
1.8 Definition
of Terms
Operational terms will
be defined in this study thus:
Information
technology – This refers to the application of scientific
knowledge. Information communication technology is the acquisition, processing,
storage and dissemination of vocal, pictoal, textual and numerical information
by a micro-based combination of computing and telecommunication, Asiobie,
(1989).
Sandwich
Studenship – This refers to students who are involved in
sandwich studies. Students who were admitted without Joint Admission and
Matriculation Board (JAMB).
Utilization
–
Putting something in use or utilizing.
Assessment
–
This refers to the act of assessing, the values of amount at which something is
calculated, a judgment or opinion.
Evaluation
–
To calculate the value or degree of.
Accessible
–
This refers to get or get into, to or at. Easily persuaded or influenced.
Acquisition
–
The act of acquiring something or someone.
Message
–
A broken or written piece of information passed from one person to another; the
important or central idea etc.
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