ABSTRACT
Radio
is portable, accessible without electricity, relatively economical and almost
universally
available. Hence, this study assessed the role of radio in the management of
environmental health issues in Dutse local government area of Jigawa State.
Information diffusion Theory, Agenda setting theory and Development media
theory served as theoritical Framework. The study adopted survey research
method, while questionnaire was used as instrument. The findings showed that
radio enabled listeners to be adequately informed about health issues. And this
invariably improved their health conciousness. It was concluded that more needs to be done in order to improve access of the
residents of Dutse local government to radio to gain more information on environmental
health. The study therefore recommended among others that more studies on the
use of radio in creating awareness on environmental health issues should be
published. This indicates a need for more and deeper study in such area which
will help inform and educate the public and set agenda for public debate about
health topics.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page i
Certification
ii
Dedication
iii
Acknowledgement iv
Table of contents v
Abstract vi
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
to the Study 1
1.2 Statement
of the Problem 4
1.3 Objective
of the Study 5
1.4 Research
Questions 5
1.5 Significance
of the Study 6
1.6 Scope
of the Study 7
1.7
Operational definitions of terms 7
CHAPTER
TWO: THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK AND LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1.0 Theoretical Framework 9
2.1.1 Information Diffusion Theory 9
2.1.2 Agenda-Setting Theory 10
2.1.3 The Development Media Theory 12
2.2.0 Conceptual Review 13
2.2.1 Concept of Environmental Health 13
2.2.2 Concept of Development Communication 14
2.2.3 Major Health Issues in Nigeria and Government Health
Policies 15
2.2.4 Health Situation in Jigawa State 17
2.2.5 Radio as a Medium of Promoting Health
Education 19
2.3 Empirical Review 21
CHAPTER THREE: METHOD OF THE STUDY
3.1 Research Method 27
3.2 Population of the Study 28
3.3 Sample Size and Sampling Technique 28
3.4 Research Instrument 29
3.5 Validity of Research Instrument 30
3.6 Reliability of the Research Instrument 30
3.7 Method of Administration of the Research Instrument 31
3.8 Method of Data Analysis 31
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS AND
RESULT
4.1 Field Performance of the Research Instrument 32
4.2 Analyses of Data on the Research Questions 33
4.3 Discussion of Findings 42
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY,
RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION
5.1 Limitation of study 44
5.2 Summary 44
5.3 Conclusion 46
5.4 Recommendations 47
5.4.1 Recommendations to study-Specific
Stakeholder 47
5.4.2 Recommendations for Further Studies 48
REFERENCES 49
APPENDIX 54
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
to the Study
Over the years,
health and healthy well-being of human beings have been conceptualized in
diverse ways. Health or healthy well-being of humans does not merely connote
the absence of ailments and disease. Its sum total also encompasses the proper
physical, mental and social functioning of human beings. Health is also
influenced by socio-economic, cultural, environmental as well as hereditary
factors (Wilson, 1970; WHO, 1978; Deliege, 1983). The attainment of healthy
well-being by individuals, and the community at large, is therefore, a social
concern because a society can function properly only when majority of its
members are healthy enough to perform the tasks that sustains human society. In
all historical epochs, human societies have evolved institutions, which provide
health and medical services, prevent diseases, treat diseases whenever sickness
occurs and promote overall health well-being of citizens (Calhoun, 1978).
Environmental
health is rapidly becoming a focus area for clinicians, researchers, individuals,
and communities aiming to investigate and mitigate exposures to harmful agents.
Environmental health can be defined as “freedom from illness or injury related
to toxic agents and other environmental conditions that are potentially
detrimental to human health” (Pope, Snyder, & Mood, 2005). Ample studies
continue to demonstrate that well-known environmental hazards such as tobacco
smoke, motor vehicle emissions, and may lead to negative health effects with
continued exposure. Furthermore, specific hazards such as asbestos, arsenic,
and radon can be found in rural states and warrant additional concern for their
potentially negative health effects. To help communicate the importance of real
or potential environmental risks, medical professionals are generally accepted
as an educated and trusted source to distribute this information (Miller &
Solomon, 2003).
More specifically,
the advent of radio has tremendously transformed the way information is
disseminated. Prior to its invention, people most especially in primitive
African society had their peculiar way of disseminating information such as the
use of town criers and assembling people in strategic locations in the village
such as market square to disseminate information to them. Colonial masters brought
radio to ease their administration and ever since it has been to pass
information from government to the citizen and people use it to disseminate
social and religious programs because of its capability to reach large
audience. Advancement in information and communication technology has brought
other means of information dissemination such as television, internet, mobile
phones, fax, telex, telegram among other (Ezekiel, 2014).
The radio is
intensively employed in environmental health issues campaign. Vast sums are
spent annually for resources and salaries that have gone into the production
and dissemination of radio programs. Radio is employed at all levels of public
health in the hope that three effects might occur: the learning of correct
health information and knowledge, the changing of health attitudes and values
and the establishment of new health behavior (Noar, 2006). Radio campaigns have
long been a tool for promoting environmental health related issues.
Communication
campaigns involving diverse topics and target audiences have been conducted for
decades. Some reasons why information campaigns fail’ is an early landmark in
the literature. Exposure to such messages is, therefore, generally passive
(Wakefield, 2010). Such campaigns are frequently competing with factors, such
as pervasive product marketing, powerful social norms, and behaviours driven by
addiction or habit. Radio campaigns have generally aimed primarily to change
knowledge, awareness and attitudes, contributing to the goal of changing
behaviour.
Jigawa state was
considered appropriate for the study because of the expose of people to greater
dangers of various health risk behaviours resulting from some cultural and
traditional festivals like harvesting, Durbar festivals, Traditional wrestling
events, wedding ceremonies, Turbaning ceremonies, Sallah festivals among others
that lead to stress and substance consumption. During these festivals
adolescents organize parties where various dangerous substances are used.
Therefore, this study seeks to examine the role of radio in the management of
environmental health issues in Dutse local government of Jigawa State.
1.2 Statement
of Problem
Health is a fundamental dimension of
well-being and a key component of human capital. Radio campaigns have generally
aimed primarily to change knowledge, awareness and attitudes, contributing to
the goal of changing behaviour. A health management system that meets the needs
of a developing country like Nigeria presupposes a thorough understanding not
only of the reasons why the present radio program system fails to deliver
health issues to the people, but also the dynamic decision processes of
households to which the radio health program ought to listen. Such a clear
understanding will help in redefining the objectives of national mass media
policy and those of the active players in the radio health program delivery
system. Consequently upon this, the study tries to fill the gap in literature
and geographical location by examining the role of radio in the management of
environmental health issues in Dutse local government.
1.3 Objectives
of the Study
The main objective
of the study is to examine the role of radio in the management of environmental
health issues in Dutse local government, Jigawa State. The specific objectives
of this study are to:
1. To determine
the performance of radio in the dissemination of effective and qualitative
methods of environmental health awareness campaign in Dutse local government,
Jigawa State;
2. To investigate
the listeners’ opinion on the nature of cooperation between radio and health
institutions as it concerns the dissemination of health issues.
3. To determine
the problems encountered in accessing and reporting environmental health issues
on radio at Dutse local government, Jigawa State.
1.4 Research Question
Based on the objectives of this study, the following
questions were raise in order to guide the study.
1. To what extent does radio help in creating health
awareness in Dutse local government?
2. What are the listeners’ opinions on the nature of
cooperation between radio and health institutions as it concerns dissemination
of health issues?
3. What are the problems encountered in accessing and
reporting environmental health issues on radio in Dutse local government,
Jigawa State?
1.5 Significance of the Study
This study is
significant because it will bring to the understanding of the reader the true
position of radio in the management of environmental health issues in Dutse
local government. However, the significance of this study cannot be
overemphasized, considering the fact that rapid development of good health
contribute immensely to the development of any nation. Upon completion, the
study will add knowledge to students and other researchers, policy makers,
citizens who can expand it by conducting research in the same field. The study
will help to know how radio campaigns have usually been one element of broader
health promotion programs with mutually reinforcing components. The study will
help to Mobilize and support local agencies and professionals who have direct
access to opinion leaders within the target population also bringing together
partnerships of public, voluntary and private sector bodies and professional
organizations.
The study will
help to inform and educate the public, and also setting the agenda for public
debate about the health topic, thereby modifying the climate of opinion
surrounding through encouraging local and national policy changes so as to
create a supportive environment within which people are more able to change
their behaviour. The findings of
this research work will be of great relevance to the following categories of
people. The academics, this includes lecturers, teachers, researchers and
students would find this study as a good reference material for related and
further studies on this issue. The study will be beneficial to households and
health service providers, in the sense that it tends to expose all forms of
challenges and prospects they are likely to encounter with lack of good health.
1.6 Scope
of the Study
The study revolves
around the role of radio in the management of environmenatal health issues.
This study is limited to the role of radio in the management of environmental
health in dutse local government, jigawa state all other places are excluded
from this study. This study focuses on the three radio stations in Dutse local
government which are New world FM,
Freedom Radio and Andaza FM. Hence, all other radio stations are excluded from
the study for proper delimitation. This story revolves around the four Health
programmes in the three radio stations Lafiya Jari, Radio Doctor, Aikin Likita
and Lafiyar iyali. All other programmes are excluded from this study.
1.7 Operational
Definition of terms
For clarity of
purpose comprehension, the main concepts used in this study were operationally
defined.
The Role:
The impact of the media.
Media:
The electronic medium use in promoting social advancement and development in
the society.
Radio: Connected
with rays, Radiation or Radioactivity.
Management:
A group of personality that are in charge of an organization.
Environmental: is
place where people, plants and animal live.
Health: Condition
or quality of the human organism expressing the adequate functioning of the
organism in a given condition, genetic or environmental.
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