ABSTRACT
The study aimed at recycling of household solid waste for Economic Regeneration and Resource Recovery “3R” in South East Nigeria. The specific objectives were to identify the various types of solid wastes generated by households in South East Nigeria; to determine the various ways households dispose solid wastes; to identify factors affecting solid waste collection; to find out different ways of managing solid waste; to produce fancy ornamentals from used cans; to ascertain the market acceptability of fancy ornamentals recycled from used cans; and to determine the cost effectiveness of the recycled ornamentals with that of ready-made ones in the market. Seven research questions and ten hypotheses guided the study. The population for the study was three million, five hundred and two thousand, and three hundred and sixty two (3,502,362). The sample size for all the groups used was eight hundred and thirty eight. Multi stage sampling technique was employed which included stratified, purposive and simple random sampling techniques. Three different instruments were used, the Solid Waste Management Process and Disposal Questionnaire (SWMPDQ), Focus Group Discussion Guide (FGDG) Evaluative instrument for judges on fancy ornamentals from recycled Cans (EINJORC). The instruments were validated by five experts after which it was subjected to reliability test using Cronbach alpha. The reliability coefficient values of the instruments were 0.77 for types of solid waste, 0.82 for ways of disposal, 0.77 for factors that affect collection, 0.90 for solid waste management, 0.82, 0.79, 0.77, 0.81 0.86, respectively for acceptability attributes and 0.75 for cost effectiveness. The Instrument was administered personally by the researcher and 4 research assistants. The research questions were analysed using frequency, mean, and standard deviation while the hypotheses were tested using t-test at 0.05 level of significance. The result of the findings revealed among others that households generate food waste, cans, plastics, paper, textiles, rubber, leather, wood, bottles, mattress, batteries and electronics as solid waste with the cluster mean of 3.12. Thirty pieces of household ornamentals were produced using mould casting method. Among others the cluster mean score of 3.14 by the judges revealed that the recycled fancy ornamentals were easy to use, fit comfortably into universal pipe for interiors, very functional and sturdy; the product was easy to fix and remove, portable for household ornamentals and the weight fits the purpose; gives impression of creativity, promote economic recovery and economic regeneration, depicts a sense of competence and the design is nice. The findings also revealed that the recycled fancy ornamentals price is affordable; no significant difference in the mean ratings of male and female ornamental dealers on all the acceptability attributes of safety, expressive, utilitarian, and aesthetic and its cost effectiveness. It was concluded that adequate attention should be given to recycling of solid waste for economic regeneration. It was therefore recommended among others that small scale entrepreneurs should be assisted financially by individuals and government for economic regeneration.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
Title Page i
Declaration ii
Certification iii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgements v
Table of Content
vi
List of Tables ix
List of Figures x
List of Appendices xi
Abstract
xii
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem 6
1.3 Objectives of
the Study 8
1.4 Research
Questions 9
1.5 Hypotheses 9
1.6 Significance
of the Study 11
1.7 Scope of the Study 12
CHAPTER 2 : REVIEW
OF RELATED LITERATURE 14
2.1 Conceptual Framework 14
2.1.1 Waste
14
2.1.2 Waste generation 14
2.1.3 Waste generation in south-eastern Nigeria
16
2.1.4 Solid waste 16
2.1.5 Components of solid waste 18
2.1.6 Sources and types
of solid waste
19
2.1.7 Solid waste storage
22
2.1.8 Secondary storage of waste 23
2.1.9 Solid waste collection
23
2.1.10 Transfer and transport 27
2.1.11 Disposal
29
2.1.12 Concept of waste management
31
2.1.13 Integrated solid waste management system
32
2.1.14 Resource recovery 39
2.1.15 Early practices of solid waste management
42
2.1.16 Contemporary methods of managing solid waste
44
2.1.17 Aluminum recycling
51
2.1.18 Problems associated with solid waste management 63
2.1.19 Solid waste management in Nigeria
66
2.1.20 Economic regeneration
67
2.2 Theoretical framework 70
2.2.1 Utility theory
70
2.2.2 Economic theory of
consumer behaviour
71
2.2.3 Transaction utility
theory
72
2.2.4 Theory of planned
behaviour
72
2.2.3 Theory of motivation 74
2.3 Related Empirical Studies 75
2.4
Summary of Literature Review 82
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
84
3 .1
Research Design 84
3.2 Area
of the Study 90
3.3 Population
for the study 91
3.4 Sample
and Sampling Technique 91
3.5 Instruments for Data Collection 92
3.6 Validation of Instruments 93
3.7 Reliability
of the Evaluative Instruments
94
3.8 Method
of Data Collection 95
3.9 Method
of Data Analysis 108
CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
109
4.1 Presentation of Data and Result of
Research Questions 109
4.2 Presentation of Data and Result of
Hypotheses 118
4.3 Major Findings 128
4.4 Discussion of Findings 131
CHAPTER 5:
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 137
5.1 Conclusion 137
5.2 Recommendations
138
5.3 Suggestions
for Further Studies 139
References 140
Appendices 148
LIST OF TABLES
4. 1: Mean Ratings of Respondents on
the Various Types of Solid 109
Waste Generated by Household in
South East Nigeria.
4. 2: Mean Ratings of
Respondents on the Various Ways Households 110
Dispose Solid Waste in South East Nigeria.
4.3: Mean Ratings of
respondents on the factors that affect waste 111
collection in South East Nigeria.
4.4: Mean Ratings of Respondents
on the Different Ways of Managing 112
Solid Waste in South East Nigeria.
4.5: Mean Ratings of
Respondents on the Level of Acceptability of 114
Functional Attribute of the Fancy
Ornamentals.
4.6: Mean Ratings of
Respondents on the Level of Acceptability on 114
Safety Attribute of the Fancy Ornamentals.
4.7: Mean Ratings of
Respondents on the Level of Acceptability on 115
Expressive Attribute of the Fancy Ornamentals .
4.8: Mean Ratings of
Respondents on the Level of Acceptability on 115
the
Utilitarian Attribute of the Fancy Ornamentals
4.9: Mean Ratings of
Respondents on the Level of Acceptability of 116
the
Aesthetic Attribute of the Fancy Ornamentals.
4.10: Mean Ratings of
Respondents on the Cost of Effectiveness of Fancy 117
Ornamentals Produced from Used cans and Already Made Ones
.
4.11: t-test Analysis of the Mean Ratings of
Households and Solid Waste
118
Management Staff on the Various Ways
Types of Solid Waste
Generated by Households in South
East Nigeria
.
4.12: t-test Analysis of the Mean
Ratings of Households and Solid Waste 119
Management Staff on the Various Ways
of Disposing Solid Waste in the
South East Nigeria
.
4.13: t-test
Analysis of the Mean Ratings of Households and Solid Waste 120
Management Staff on Factors that Affect Solid Waste Collection in
South East Nigeria.
4.14: t-test Analysis of the Mean Ratings of Households
and Solid Waste 121
Management Staff on the Different
Ways of Managing Solid Waste in
South East Nigeria.
4.15: t-test Analysis of the Mean Ratings
of Male and Female Ornamental
122
Dealers on the Level of Acceptability
of Functional Attribute of the
Fancy Ornamentals Recycled
from Used Cans.
4.16: t-test Analysis of the
Mean Ratings of Male and Female Ornamental 123
Dealer on the Level of
Acceptability of Safety of Fancy Ornamentals
Recycled from Used Cans.
4.17: t-test Analysis of the Mean Ratings of Male
and Female Ornamental 124
Dealers on the Level of Acceptability
of Expressive Attribute of the
Fancy
Ornamentals Recycled from Used Cans.
4.18: t-test
Analysis of the Mean Ratings of Male and Female Ornamental 125
Dealers on the Level of Acceptability
of Utilitarian Attribute of the Fancy
Ornamentals Recycled from Used Cans.
4.19: t-test
Analysis of the Mean Ratings of Male and Female Ornamentals 126
Dealers on the Level of Acceptability
of Aesthetic Attribute of the Fancy
Ornamentals Recycled from Used Cans.
4.20: t-test Analysis of the
Mean Ratings of Male and Female Ornamentals 122
Dealers
on the Cost Effectiveness of the Recycled Ornaments from Used
Cans
LIST OF FIGURES
2.1: Integrated
Domestic Solid Waste Management System. 35
2.2:
Household Solid Waste Management Model. 36
2.3: Key
Element of
Solid Waste Management. 38
2.4: Model of ISWM
41
2 5: The Theory of Planned Behavior, Adopted from Ajzen
(1991) 73
LIST OF PLATES
1: Cross Section of focus group discussion.
95
2: Cross Section of the researcher collecting and sorting the used
beverage 97
cans.
3: The researcher preparing the green sand for mould casting. 98
4: The researcher dressing different motif in the green sand for mould
casting 98
using trowel.
5: The researcher placing the flask over different
patterns engraved in the sand 99
6: Pot with molten aluminum and mould cavity filled with molten
aluminium 100
7: Metal allowed to cool. 101
8: The researcher forms the mould
102
9: Mould samples produced
103
10: Using the G clamp to place the front and back
pattern lines together and 104
pouring the molten metal using the laddle.
11: Separating the front and back mould and releasing the fancy
ornamental 104
12: Necas Le reel fancy ornamentals cap.
105
13: Fancy ornamentals
106
14: Necas le fancy ornamentals
fixed on curtains.
107
15: Judges assessing the fit of the fancy ornamentals.
107
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Household is explained as a group of people
characterized by the sharing of the dwelling house with incomes that are pulled
together for common use. This definition is in line withthe
definition of Beaman (2011) which explains household as composed of group of
people living in the same dwelling, with common income-generating activity and
having at least one common piece of land togetherand recognising a man or woman
as the head of the household. In the context
of this study, Household is a social unit made up of people living together
with a head and pulling their incomes together for the management of the home.
The resources are put together collectively in taking care of the household
including solid waste management.
Solid waste are materials generated from the
result of human daily activities resulting fromareas such as households, public
places, city streets, shops, offices and hospitals. These wasteshave frequently
been the responsibility of government authorities for collection,
transportation andlater disposal. With
the tonnage of solid wastes generated by household in the South Eastern partof Nigeria
on a daily basis, it is expected that the government takes advantage of the
awe-inspiring opportunities connected with solid wastes such as producing new
products through recycling and deriving cleaner form of energy through waste to
energy conversion (Odoemene and Ofodu,2016). This can be appropriately handled
after the solid wastes are disposed.
Disposal involves the discharge, deposit, injection,
dumping, spilling, leaking, or placing of any solid waste or hazzadous waste
into or on any land or water so that such solid waste may enter the environment
or emitted into the air or water (Abul,2010). Disposing of refuse by most
expedient method such as open incineration and the practice of open dump is a
rampant behavior in the urban areas. The composition of our waste in recent
times has assumed a different dimension and complication due to increasing
urban population and rapid urbanization. The throw-away containers, automobile
scraps, disused machinery, disused polythene bags are common scenes adorning
our streets, highways, drainage channels, recreation grounds, markets, motor
parks and other open spaces in our urban areas.The rapid industrialization and
intensive urbanization had also led to increasing discharge and disposal of
industrial and domestic effluents
directly into streams, rivers, canals
open gutters or other drainage channels and sometimes into the seas, causing serious
environmental pollution. The pollutants are generated from great structural
diversity such as toxic metals, organic solids and liquids and sometimes they
are mainly gaseous substances that pollute the air or react with water vapors
to form acid dews and acid rains which in turn fall down on land by gravity.Disposing of huge
quantities of waste is one of the most pressing environmental problems that are
prevalent in today’s towns and cities which attracts adequate attention towards
solid waste management.
Solid waste management
is referred to as source separation, storage, collection, transportation and
final disposal of the generated waste in an environmentally sustainable manner
.Poor waste management can be very dangerous to people exposed to unhygienic
conditions which places solid waste management an essential environmental
health service. Diseases like cholera,
dysentery, malaria and typhoid are all related to the practice of poor waste
management. This could lead to the loss of human resources required in the development
of the country. Ogunrinola and Adepegba(2012) reported that environmental
health conditions are hampered through the pollution of ground and surface
water by leachates from dumpsites. Air pollution is often caused by open
burning at dumps leading to foul odours and wind-blown litters.
The collection, disposal
and transfer of waste have been generally assumed by governments in both
developed and developing countries. This constitutes an expected and basic
government function. The format varies in most urban areas where solid waste is
collected by either government agency or private contractor. According to
Zerbock (2003), despite the very fact that developing countries do spend about
20 to 40 per cent of the state revenues on waste management, they are unable to
stay apace with the scope of the problem. Senkoro (2003) as cited by Zerbock
(2003), were of the opinion that the African countries governments were
required by the World Health Organization (WHO) to rank their environmental
health concerns, of which their results revealed that solid waste was seen as
the second most vital drawback after water quality. Solid waste can be managed
adequately through resource recovery
Resource recovery is the
selective removal of disposal materials for a unique next use, such as reuse,
recycling, compositing or energy generation in order to extract maximum benefit
from the product, detain the consumption of virgin resources by using
life-cycle analysis(LCA) to offer replacement to landfill disposal of discarded
materials (Ollie, 2017). Resource recovery through reuse is when any material
or product can be subjected to second-hand values. Reuse is also an option for
source reduction. The main application of reuse is to prolong the life of the
product or material. Use of durable coffee mugs, towels, refilling bottles,
reusing cardboard boxes, donating old computers to schools and NGO’s, second
hand furniture are some of the examples for reuse. Compared to recycling, reuse
is preferred most as the process of upgrading is eliminated and therefore no
material and energy is used and at the same time minimises the cost and the
need for disposal (Kulkarni, 2008). The demerits in reuse are cleaning,
transportation and time consumption for sorting. Recycling is a different
procedure from reuse.
Recycling is also a
resource recovery practice that refers to an activity of collecting, sorting
and processing of used or discarded materials into useful products to its
original form, or for other purposes. It is considered among the effective
solutions for saving landfill from producing greenhouse gas. The materials from
the municipal waste can be recovered and served in the manufacturing process
for producing new products and material recovery. Recycling of plastic is a more
efficient method for material and energy recovery than incinerating and
disposing. When plastic is incinerated it highly emits greenhouse gases which
is one of the major causes of environmental impact. It consumes twice the
energy for incinerating the plastic rather than recycling (Recycling
Revolution, 2011). Glass is the product which does not lose its purity and
quality even after recycling for several times. When 1000kg of recycled glass
is used for producing new glass products, nearly 1200kgs of raw materials are
conserved. According to the Glass Packing Institute, recycled glass consumes
only two third of energy for producing glass products. Glass recycling
facilitates the environment by reducing the amount of CO2 (GHG)
exposing to the atmosphere by 315kg per ton, considering transport and processing
emission (Testa,2017). Recycling serves in conserving resources for future,
consumes less energy than producing products from virgin materials, uses and
saves valuable metals from dumping, develop sustainability and reduces
landfilling.
Landfill is a place where the
generated wastes are dumped beneath the soil in an isolated manner. It is one
of the regularly used methods for the disposal of waste. Around 62% of
municipal wastes are dumped in the landfill. Plastic and paper waste contribute
major part in land acquisition in the landfill as it is generated numerously
and disposed at a great extent. The environmental impacts due to landfill
dumping are Ground water contamination, Air pollution, Leachate, Emission of CH4
gas, consumption of large volume of land leads to land scarcity and soil
acidification, deposition of metals and scarce elements which in turn leads to
resource scarcity and waste of energy for extraction of resources. It also
affects the human life by respiratory disease, cancer, birth defects and skin
disease. Management of solid waste can be tailored towards economic
regeneration.
Economic regeneration through solid waste
involves a situation where by solid
waste are being managed to generate capital assets that provides goods and/ or
services that are required for the benefits of humans. Cook(2006), defined
economic regeneration as actions designed to prepare and assist potential
employees for work and actions designed to increase the demand for employees.
It aims at fortifying the local economy and creates wealth by tackling
worklessness. It also aims at behavourial change, encourages entrepreneurship.
Solid waste recycling is not only good for the environment but can be useful to
an organization’s bottom line. Recycling of solid waste can improveproduction
efficiency and minimises cost connected with purchasing raw materials and waste
management. By recycling solid waste, a business may be able to eliminate the
generation of hazardous waste. A company who values strong corporate
stewardship can increase goodwill with shareholders and consumers and further
distinguish itself from its competitors. Economic regeneration embraces the
concept of a circular economy, which moves away from “take-make-dispose”
approach to one where product, their biological residue or component parts are
cycled back into the economic stream. A circular economy values the reuse and
regeneration of materials and energy, and it supports product design and
handling that reduces total environmental impact across the life cycle
(Walmart, 2017). In Nigeria, about 25 million tons of municipal solid waste
generated annually which has resulted in littering, heaping of waste and
overflowing of skips with waste in the cities. Proliferation of polythene bags
for packaging and other Solid wastes has immensely heightened the situation in
South East of Nigeria, especially in the major cities. Basically if things are
left uncurbed it may result to the outbreak of communicable diseases such as
cholera, typhoid etc. There is need to recycle some of these Solid wastes
for economic regeneration which this study helped to achieve.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Solid waste is an age mate of mankind and part of normal
working system of man’s activity on the earth. Though it is an integral
constituent of all human activity, its presence today is becoming unbearable
causing serious problems in the environment. Cities are the engines of economic
growth, but the environmental implications of such growth are faced with urban
pollution resulting from poor waste management. Indiscriminate dumping,
irregular collection of waste generated and inadequate resources are being
observed as key problems facing solid waste management in
the cities and towns. In cities waste collection is irregular, thereby
endangering public health by encouraging the spread of odours and diseases.
This situation is further compounded by hawkers who litter waste
indiscriminately.
Indiscriminate disposal of solid waste has been observed
as having environmental and health effecton
the quality of life of households. The major environmental effects include air
pollution, flooding because of blocked drainages and land degradation.
Furthermore, the health effects include flies carrying germs on their bodies,
mosquitoes breed in stagnant water in blocked drain, in favorable locations
like cans and tyres that collect rain water. All these lead to health issues
such as malaria, typhoid fever, diarrhoea etc. Consequently a lot of money is
being spent on medication thereby sapping families of their meager income. The
refuse workers also face some health hazards which include parasite infection
and infected cuts resulting from skin contact with refuse and this can be
controlled if some of these solid wastes are redirected for second use.
Basically if things are left uncurbed it may result to outbreakof communicable
diseases such as cholera and typhoid.
Furthermore, littering of solid waste around the environment has
been noticed as a contributing factor to the reduction of aesthetic attributes
of towns as some of these wastes are non-biodegradable. Some of these wastes
can be diverted to second use through appropriate management thereby improving
on the aesthetic value of towns.
Moreover, the economic situation of the country is depreciating
resulting partly to poor solid waste management. If these solid wastes are managed through recycling
it will go a long way to beef up the economic situation of the country thereby
creating room for economic regeneration. This development can attract foreign
investors into the country and the nation will have more goods for exports
leading to improvement in our foreign exchange.
In South East of Nigeria, alarming increase of unemployed youths
have been observed leading to increase in societal ills. This situation can be
checked by directing the attention of these youths to recycling of solid waste
thereby creating employment for this target group. This will help the masses
appreciate the second hand value of any product.
Research works have been carried out on recycling but little or no
studies have been carried out on recycling of Used Beverage Cans to produce
fancy ornamentals for households. Based on this premise, the study was tailored
towards closing this gap by employing appropriate solid waste management
technique in practicalising Waste Not Want Not of Home Economics slogan for
economic regeneration, wellbeing of humans and adding knowledge to the academic
world. The study therefore recycled Used Beverage Cans to household fancy
ornamentals.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1.3.1 Main objective of
the study: The main aim of the study was to recycle household solid waste for economic regeneration resource and recovery in South East Nigeria.
1.3.2 Specific objectives of the study: Specifically, the study objectives are to:
1
identify the various types of
solid waste generated by household in South EastNigeria
2. evaluate the ways households dispose solid
waste in the South East Nigeria.
3.
identify the factors that affect solid waste collection in South East Nigeria.
4.
identify different ways of
managing solid waste in South East
Nigeria.
5. determine the need preferences of households
on fancy ornamentals.
6. produce fancy ornamentals from solid waste(Used
Beverage Cans)
7. ascertain the market acceptability of fancy
ornamentals produced from solid waste
(Used
Beverage Cans).
8.
determine the cost effectiveness
of fancy ornamentals produced from solid waste
(Used Beverage Cans).
1.4RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The study sought answers to the following research questions:
1
What are the various types of
solid waste generated by households in South East Nigeria?
2
What are the various ways
householdsdispose solid waste in the South East Nigeria?
3
What are the factors that
affect solid waste collection in South East Nigeria?
4
What are the different ways of managing solid waste in South East Nigeria?
5
What are the need preferences of households on
fancy ornamentals.
6
What are
the steps involved in the production of fancy ornamentals from solid waste (used beverage Cans)?
7
What is
the acceptability level of fancy ornamentals produced from solid waste(used
beverage Cans)?
8
What is
the cost effectiveness of fancy ornamentals produced from used Cans and already
made ones?
1.5 HYPOTHESES
The
following hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance
H
There is no significant difference in
the mean ratings of heads of household and staff
of solid waste management board onthe various
types of solid waste generated
by
household in South East Nigeria
H
There is no significant difference in
the mean ratings of heads of household and staff
of solid waste management board on the various
ways households dispose solid
waste in the South East Nigeria.
H
There is no significant difference in
the mean ratings of heads of households and staff
of
solid waste management board on the factors that affect solid waste collection
in South East Nigeria.
H
is no significant difference in the mean
ratings of heads of households and staff
of solid waste management board on the different ways of managing solid waste
in South East
Nigeria.
H
There is no significant difference in the mean ratings of male and
female judge
thelevel
of acceptability on functional attributes of fancy ornamentals recycled from
used
cans. It takes care of research question six.
H
There is no significant difference in the mean ratings of male and
female judges
on the level of
acceptability of safety attributes of
fancy ornamentals recycled from
used cans. It takes care of research question
six.
H
There is no significant difference in
the mean ratings of male and female judges
on the level of acceptability of expressive
attributes of fancy ornamentals
recycled from used cans. It takes care of research question
six.
H
There is no significant difference in
the mean ratings of male and female judges
on the level of acceptability of utilitarian
attributes of fancy ornamentals
recycled from used cans. It takes care of research question
six.
.H
There is no significant difference in
the mean ratings of male and female judges
on the level of acceptability of aesthetic
attributes of fancy ornamentals
recycled from used cans. It takes care
of research question six.
H
There is no significant difference in the mean ratings of male and
female judges
on the cost effectiveness of the
recycled ornamentals with ornamentals already
in themarket. It takes care of research
question seven.
1.6
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
It is expected that the findings of this
study on recycling of household solid waste for Economic Regeneration, Resource
Recovery “3R” in South East Geopolitical zone in Nigeria will be beneficial to
diverse groups like the state government, Solid waste contractors, households,
recycling industries and entrepreneurs.
Through Seminars, Workshops and mass media,
the findings will help the state government to be well equipped with vital
information of the frequency of refuse disposal by the solid waste management
contractors. This will enable the government to be informed on how effective
the solid waste contractors are keeping to the terms of the contract and
possible ways of improvement where there are loop holes. The findings of this
study will also unveil the factors that affect the frequency of solid waste
collection which will be beneficial to the government so as to make adjustments
in their plan for solid waste collection for greater efficiency in achieving
their goals.
Through Seminars, workshops and mass media,
the solid waste contractors will find the study useful because it will open an avenue
for in-depth appraisal of the package. The findings of this study will
highlight areas of inadequate attention to solid waste management that will
help the contractors to improve in their delivery of service. The usefulness of
solid waste will be unveiled in the findings of this study which will motivate
contractors to sort the solid waste according to their usefulness before final
disposal.
Enlightenment campaigns at village meetings
and market squares on the management of solid waste through recycling will
motivate the households to utilize the opportunity in sourcing revenue for the
family. They will do this by sorting the used cans and sell it to people that
will need them for recycling rather than disposing them with other refuse or
waste.
Industries and entrepreneurs that are known
for recycling solid waste can benefit from the findings of this study through
workshops and seminars as it will expose them to the possible use of Used Cans
in the production of items that may be useful to communities.
Through Seminars and workshops, the findings of this
study can be made available to youths which will lead to job creation as many
of them will be moving around to pick used cans so as to sell it to recycling
industries and entrepreneurs. This will in-turn lead to economic regeneration
and help to curb some social ills from youths in the geographical zone and the
country at large.
Through Seminars and workshops, the findings of this
study can be made available to government andwill
serve as a reference point to the State or Federal Government and waste
management institutions as far as solid waste management is concerned. In this
case, it will provide an in-depth understanding of what the problems of solid
waste management are and the techniques for tackling the problems. Finally, the
study will contribute to existing body of knowledge on solid waste management
and also motivate further research on the study area in other Metropolitan
Areas and Municipalities.
1.7SCOPE OF THE STUDY
Geographically, the study covered the South
East of Nigeria. The zone is made up of five states namely Abia, Enugu, Ebonyi,
Anambra and Imo state. Content wise, the study was limited to identifying the
types of solid waste in South East of Nigeria; ways households dispose their
solid wastes; the factors affecting solid waste collection; and producing five different
designs of ornamentals from used cans. Household and staff of waste management
board in the five states were used as respondents for the study. Male and femaledealers
on fancy ornamentals were used as judges.
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