ABSTRACT
This research work is a detailed study on preparation of cleansing cream.
The aim is to prepare cleansing cream of better quality than the available ones
in the market. The study explores the work done by some eminent scholars in
connection with cream and preparation of cleansing cream. Cream can be defined
as an article intended to be rubbed, sprinkled, sprayed on, or otherwise
applied to the human body or any part there of, for beautifying, promoting
attractiveness, or attiring the physical appearance of the skin, leaving it
soft and smooth, thereby making the body look younger. Creams are of different
types which include: cleansing cream, eye and lip cleanser, floral oil,
nourishing cleansing milk, and softening lotion etc. the present investigation
revealed that temperature and concentration of materials have the most crucial
effect on creams as manifested by precipitation, and separation and also loss
of creamy effect. Cream emulsion containing hydroquinone, lightens and bleaches
the skin while cream emulsion containing benzoic acids are agents against
microbial attacks on the skin. The materials used in cleansing cream
preparation include: paraffin wax, liquid paraffin, stearic acid, borax, and
water. Finally, the performance was incorporate into the cream at the
temperature of 450C and a white fine cream was obtained as the
result of the analysis.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
Approval
page
Dedication
Acknowledgment
Abstract
Table of
contents
CHAPTER
ONE
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Aim and objectives of the study
1.3 Statement of problem
1.4 Significance of the study
1.5 Hypothesis
1.6 Limitation of the study
CHAPTER
TWO
2.0 Literature review
2.1 Definition of cream
2.2 The historical background of cream
2.3 Classification of cream
2.4 Emulsions
2.5 Emulsifying agents
2.6 The colloid state
2.7 Features of colloidal system
2.8 Types of colloidal system
CHAPTER
THREE
3.1 Materials
3.2 Method
CHAPTER
FOUR
Result
CHAPTER
FIVE
5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Recommendation
Bibliography
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Cream can be regarded as an article intended to be rubbed, sprinkled,
sprayed on or otherwise applied to the human body or any part thereof, for
beautifying or altering the physical appearance of the skin, leaving it soft
and smooth, thereby making the body look younger. Cream constituents who are
found to be the foundation of most creams include:
a. Fats and oil, which forms the base
b. Water or alcohol, which acts as the liquid
c. Emulsion, which holds the mixture
together
The improvement in modern technology has led to the production of creams
for special purpose. For example cream emulsion containing hydroquinone
lightens the skin and it is also known as bleaching cream while cream that
contains benzoic acid is used against microbial attacks on the skin, (berg and
caster 1978). It is well known in interfacial science that paraffin oil have
its importance as conditioning and lubricating agent while borax serves as a
cleansing agent. For oil in water emulsion, stearic acid is specially used
which is the basic substance in cream preparation and serves as
emulsifying agent, with new formulation, improvement, can still be made on the
already existing creams as well.
1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
This study aims at preparing cleansing cream of better quality than the
available ones in the market. It therefore has the following objectives
i. To determine the materials used in preparation of cleansing
cram of high quality.
ii. To examine the method involved in preparing the cleansing
cream that does not have huge financial involvement.
1.3 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Over the years, there has been increasingly rapid growth in manufacturing
of fake and adulterated creams; the producers produce such cream(s) with little
or no effort to use the actual material and method involved in its preparation.
When such cream(s) is used, it will cause irritation to the skin because of the
inability to use the adequate materials and to test the pH density
and viscosity of the cream.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study will provide effective method of producing cleansing cream
with desired qualities. Creams sold in the market when used instead of either
cleansing or protecting the skin cause burns and removes the skin. This is
caused by either inadequate of mixing the materials in their right proportions
or adding one of the cheap ingredients that will either be acidic or basic
which reacts with the protein of the body.
1.5 HYPOTHESIS
H0 Cleansing cream causes skin irritation
H1 Cleansing cream do not cause any harm to
the skin.
1.6 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
This research work is limited to the scope of preparing cleansing cream
that does not cause irritation to the skin.
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