TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page i
Approval Page ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgements iv
Table of Contents vi
List of Tables ix
Abstract x
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study 1
Statement of the Problem 4
Research Questions 6
Research Hypotheses 7
Purpose of the Study 8
Significance of the Study 8
Operational Definition of Terms 9
Scope of the Study 10
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE
Preamble 11
Definition of Delinquent Behaviour 11
Types of Delinquent Behaviours 14
Causes of Delinquent Behaviour 36
Management of Delinquent
Behaviours/Prevention 43
Summary of the Review of Related
Literature 51
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY
Preamble 54
Research Design 54
Sample and Sampling Procedure 55
Instrumentation 55
Reliability of the Instrument 57
Procedure for Data Collection 57
Method of Data Analysis 58
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS
Preamble 59
Demographic Data 59
Test of Hypotheses 63
Summary of the Findings 68
CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSIONS, CONCLUSION
AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
Preamble 69
Discussions 69
Conclusions 73
Recommendations 73
Suggestions for Further Studies 74
References 75
Appendix 77
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Distribution of the Respondents by Gender 59
Table 2: Distribution of the Respondents by Religion 60
Table 3: Distribution of Respondents by Class Level 60
Table 4: Distribution of Respondents by Age 61
Table
5: Items Ranking on Perception of
Causes
of Delinquent Behaviour 62
Table
6: Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) on
perception
of
secondary school students on causes
of
delinquent behaviour on the basis of age 63
Table 7: Duncan Multiple Range Test for Variable Age 64
Table
8: t-test Analysis on perception of
secondary
school students on causes
of delinquent
behaviour on the basis of
class level 65
Table
9: t-test analysis on perception of
secondary
school
students on causes of delinquent
behaviour
on the basis of gender 66
Table
10: t-test analysis on perception of secondary
school students on causes
of delinquent
behaviour on the basis of
religion 67
ABSTRACT
This study
examined perception of secondary school students in Ilorin metropolis on the
causes of delinquent behaviours. The population of the study consisted of all
secondary school students in Ilorin metropolis.
Two hundred
(200) respondents were randomly selected from the population, which include 100
J.S.S students and 100 S.S.S students. The instrument used for the study was a
structured questionnaire with fifteen (15) items.
The results of the study revealed that age, gender, class
level and religion significantly influence secondary school students’
perception of the causes of delinquent behaviour.
It was therefore recommended that,
government should implement sanctions on students who engage in deviant
behaviours by disrupting the peace of the school. Finally, more counsellors
should be trained and posted to all secondary schools in Ilorin metropolis to
help in controlling students with delinquent behaviours.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study
Every
society wants its members to be well behaved and crime free, but seems to elude
most societies, irrespective of age, sex, class level etc. One type or the
other crimes are being committed. However, the general belief is that crime
rate is more among the adolescent. These types of crimes are referred to as
delinquent acts. Therefore,
According
to Helen (2001) delinquency means repeated act of a kind which when committed
by a person beyond the statutory juvenile court age of eighteen is punishable
as crimes. Viewed symptomatically delinquent behaviour, whatever specific form
it may take, has common denominator of maladaptation of the individual to the
demands of a social code, be it to the rules of family life, school life in the
society which is protected by a system of laws. Delinquency as a concept is
subject to many definitions. It is a concept that has a legal origin but it is
presently used in other spheres like education, social welfare etc. Anusiem
(1987) defines delinquency as a legal concept. The concept also is referred to
as juvenile delinquency.
Juvenile
delinquency, as pointed out by Anusiem (1987) is used to refer to young persons
between 16 and 18 years of aged who exhibit behaviours which is not consistent
with law that is punishable by law if committed by adults. Delinquency from all
the definitions mentioned above refers to behaviour of non-adult individuals in
the society which are judged by the society as bad juvenile delinquency on the
other hand, refers to be any act on behaviour by individuals under the age of
18years which goes contrary to the law of the land. These delinquencies, if not
checked, may get to unmanageable level and the society will be loosing and
living in fears. There is need to attempt to identify forms of delinquent
behaviours. To elaborate more on these, some delinquent behaviours include
murder, drug abuse, assault aggression, vandalism, burglary, robbery, rape,
sexual promiscuity, alcoholism, smoking truancy, examination malpractice, and
cultism to mention a few. Some of the
factors that contribute to student delinquent behaviours include family
tension, broken homes, rejection and disciplinary approaches.
Delinquency
brings about social exclusion such anti-social behaviour and nuisance behaviour
causes harassment, alarm or distress to one or more persons not of the same
hosehold. There is more turn outs of thugs in the society today, which made
people to live in fear, and this affect people’s engagement with the society as
a whole.
One
of the major effects is that, there is no peaceful atmosphere. Since the
society is full of unsocialised, aggressive delinquents. Delinquent acts exposes
adolescent to enter a period of aimless loafing and drifting and indiscriminate
seeking for excitement and pleasure which invariably leads them to delinquent
behaviours. It also leads to family disorganizations and ineffective
socialization and this poor school adjustment. Another condition that gives rise
to delinquent behaviour includes background of the family. When family fail to
perform their duty it affects the child.
Socio-economic
status of parents also contributes it child’s delinquency when what is required
by the child can not be provided by parents due to financial problems. Peer
group also is another contributor to delinquent behaviour. The type of friend a
child moves with will have either negative or positive effects on the child.
Lastly
mass media is another societal condition that contributes to high rate of
delinquent behaviour. Some pornographic pictures, films and other reading
materials that do not promote good morals.
Statement of the Problem
Every society has a dream
of being peaceful. It wants its members to be well behaved and crime free.
Today, delinquent behaviours have become the order of the day in secondary
school. Although both young and old commit one type of crime or the other
irrespective of sex but adolescent engage more avoidable crimes of various
types and consequences. The crimes are emerging and the ugly situation has
affected the academic performance of students in various level of educational
system.
According
to Bernneth and Dalton (2001) delinquency behaviour brings about frustration
and depression which lead to poor academic performance and eventually drops
out. The school is one of the social agencies that directly affect the child.
The school therefore posses enormous time for influencing the behaviour of the
child.
However, it is an
undisputable fact that delinquency behaviour is common in every larger society
like Ilorin Kwara State. Therefore, there is need to investigate the causes of
delinquent behaviour in Ilorin metropolis. There have been lots of crimes which
have resulted in death of many innocent students (Okoh 2000). These have been
as a result of delinquent behaviour. This study sought to identify the cause of
delinquency behaviours of secondary school students in Ilorin Metropolis.
Research Questions
The
following research questions were asked to guide the study
1. What is the perception of secondary school
students on these causes of delinquent behaviour?
2. To what extent would age of the students
influence their perception of causes of delinquent behaviour?
3. To what extent would students’ class level
influence their perception of causes of delinquent behaviour?
4. To what extent does gender of the students
influence their perception of causes of delinquent behaviour?
Research Hypothesis
The
following hypotheses are derived from the statement of the problem.
1. There is no significant difference in the
perception of secondary school student on causes of delinquent behaviour on the
basis of age.
2. There is no significant difference in the
perception of secondary school student on causes of delinquent behaviour on the
basis class lave.
3. There is no significant difference in the
perception of secondary school student on causes of delinquent behaviour on the
basis of gender.
4. There is no significant difference in the
perception of secondary school student on causes of delinquent behaviour on the
basis of religion.
Purpose of the Study
The
main purpose of this study is to investigate secondary school students’
perception of the cause of delinquent behaviors in Ilorin metropolis. Specifically
the study will find out the influence of age, class level and gender of
secondary school students’ on their perception of causes of delinquent
behaviour.
Significance of the Study
The
significance of the study lies on the fact that this study will give more
insight on delinquent behaviour of students in secondary school in Ilorin
metropolis. The school administration, member of school community and
government will able to understand the causes of this behaviour among students.
Parents
and teachers will join the guidance counselor in monitoring their children to
be good Nigerians. The study also attempts to reveal to students the
implication of the delinquent behaviours and create the awareness of what the
society requires from them as leaders of tomorrow. Parents and teacher should
also learn to be good models.
Lastly,
this study will be beneficial in confirming the asserters and in alerting
parents, students, teachers and counselor on the damage posed by this
delinquent behaviours.
Operational Definition of Terms
Behaviour: An action which is seen or observed
in an objective ways.
Cultism: A horrifying activities in the
secondary school or tertiary institutions.
Delinquency: Bad or Criminal behaviour usually of
young people.
Examination Malpractice: An act of cheating during
examination that is not conforms to the rule and regulation guiding the exams.
Juvenile Delinquency: Behaviour exhibits by young persons
between 16-18years of age which is not consistent with law.
Robbery: An act of taken money or goods in
possession of another person by force or intimidation.
Truancy: A person who is habitually absent
from school without good reasons.
Scope of the Study
The
study is limited to secondary school students perception of the cause of
delinquent behaviours in Ilorin metropolis the study covered only five (5)
selected public secondary schools in Ilorin metropolis, Kwara State. This limitation
was considered because of logistics reason such as the logistic of handling
large research population. A validated research designed questionnaire was used
to collect necessary information.
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