ABSTRACT
The study
investigates the Parents Teachers Association and Secondary School
Administration in Kwara State, Nigeria. Many factors give rise to the formation
of Parents Teachers Association (PTA) in Public Secondary Schools in Kwara
State. Lacks of school facilities; shortage of manpower, as a result of
increase in population of students and inadequate provision of school materials
for students necessitate the formation of Parents Teachers Association.
Self
–designed questionnaires tagged “Parents Teachers Association in School
Administration Questionnaire” (PTASAQ) was used to obtain relevant data.
Research questions were analyzed using frequency counts and percentage while
the main and operational hypotheses were tested using Pearson product moment
correlation statistics at 0.5 level of significance.
The
methodology of the work is a descriptive correlation survey type. The
population for the study comprises of 21 Public Secondary Schools in Oyun Local
Government Area, Kwara State as at the time of the study, out of which ten
secondary schools were purposively and proportionally selected as sample
schools. Also, a stratified random sampling technique was used to select 10
principals and 40 students making a total numbers of 50 who responded to the
questionnaires.
The findings
of the study were that:
i.
Appointments
of PTA should be from among people of integrity and
Competence
with a minimum requirement of secondary education.
ii.
The PTA should
moderate administrative processes in order to facilitate effective teaching and
learning.
iii.
The Ministry
of Education in Nigeria should formulate relevant policies to enable school PTA
to be more useful in management.
iv.
PTA and
educational administrators make concerted efforts initiate and sustain new
projects rehabilitate dilapidated infrastructures and initiate professional
development through staff training. There is need to create awareness of public
private partnership in financing education.
The study concludes that PTA is very
important in the administrative of Public Secondary Schools in Kwara State of
Nigeria. It recommends that government
should encourage and support the Parents Teachers Association in Public
Secondary Schools in Kwara State.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
Title
Page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract vi
Table
of Contents vii
CHAPTER ONE:
INTRODUCTION
Background
of the Study 1
Statement
of the Problem 6
Purpose
of the Study 8
Research
Questions 9
Significance
of the Study 10
Scope
of the Study 11
Definition
of Terms 13
CHAPTER TWO:
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Review
of Related Literature 16
Theoretical
background of the Study 17
The
Role of Parents at Home 19
The Roles
of the Teachers 23
Definition
of Parents’ Teachers Association 29
Origin
of Parents’ Teachers Association 30
Aims
of Parents’ Teachers Association 31
The
Importance of PTA as a joint body in Secondary School 34
Student’s
observance of school Rules and Regulations 36
Functions
and Achievement of Parents’ Teachers Association 38
CHAPTER THREE:
RESEARCH METHOD
Research
Design 43
Population
of the Study 44
Sample
and Sampling Techniques 44
Research
Instrument(s) 45
Validity
and Reliability of the Instrument(s) 46
Procedure
for Data Collection 47
Method
of Data Analysis 47
CHAPTER FOUR:
ANALYSIS OF DATA AND DISCUSSIONS
Analysis
of Data and Discussions 48
Discussion
of Results 55
CHAPTER FIVE:
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
of Findings 59
Conclusion 60
Recommendation 62
REFERENCES 65
APPENDICES 67
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background
of the Study
For the school to achieve its goals, meets
the needs of students and fulfill the expectation of parents, there should be
good linkage between the teachers and parents. Parents are experienced people
who are conversant with child psychology and development. They, therefore, know
the needs of their children at difference stages of development. In view of
this, the parents are in a better position to give useful advice to teachers
when necessary. Individual parents could be invited to school for discussion on
their children’s welfare. The principal with the assistance of the staff point
at the children weakness, and give suggestions for improvement. The Parents
Teachers Association (PTA) is a forum for teachers and parents to meet and
discuss issues relating to the welfare of the parents and teachers. Through the
Parents Teachers Association (PTA) meeting. Parents could be
educated or enlightened on the discipline and causes of student’s delinquency.
Through this, the parents will have an insight into the causes of the students’
problems and know more effective ways of dealing with such problems. They will
also know the danger associated with ineffective discipline. The organization
of Parents Teachers Association (PTA) in most schools raises a number of
questions as to:
(1)
Whether the PTA provide fund for school?
(2)
Without the PTA, can the school not raise
funds?
(3)
How much has the PTA helped in the discipline
of students in schools?
Really, the PTA provides funds for the school by way of
levy or donation.
Secondly, the school cannot raise levy without the PTA.
This is because PTA represents the community in which the school is built.
According to Cotton and Wikelund (2001),
many benefits are accrued for the school and for parents themselves when
parents become involved in their children’s school activities. They maintained
that, school personnel benefit from the improved rapport that generally
accompanies increased parents involvement.
This rapport is often expressed in
parents’ increased willingness to support school with their labour and
resources during fund-raising activities or special projects. Beside, Henderson
(1987). Hicks and Sammons (1992) AND Hillman and Mortimore (1995) had
showed in their various studies that
parental presence in the school
activities and participation in
committees’ events and their
activities all had positive effects on achievement.
Adewuyi (2002), also submitted that active
parent involvement and
positive home-school-community relations have been shown to positively influence effective schooling and students’ achievement .
Ajayi (1999) also posited that, effective
administration of schools could be hampered where the PTA is not performing its
roles as expected. Also, Ajayi (2007) posited that, the school and the
community are interdependent and interrelated and for the relationship between
them to be meaningful, worthwhile and productive, they must be willing to
assist each other to achieve their respective goals in atmosphere of love,
mutual trust and cooperation.
Abiola A.O. (1967), since a child’s welfare and all round developments are concerns of a parents that is why parents are giving a role in the
administrative of secondary school. This means that the Parents Teachers
Association is interested in the cooperation of the school system.
Parents
responsibilities as stakeholders
in secondary schools lies in motivation towards ensuring the students attend schools; is
appropriately dressed, has a healthy
lifestyle, so that he /she can learn, ensuring that the student does his/her
home-work, supporting school’s sanctions against the student in case of
misbehavior, ensuring that the student receives treatment where necessary.
Teachers are blamed for their inefficiency
in classroom. Students are blamed for their care free attitude, non- compliance
to school rules and regulations and poor reading culture. School principals are
blamed for inadequate supervision, government on inadequate funding and parents
on poor motivation of their children and also on their lukewarm attitude towards
their children education. Most parents are too busy running after
wealth at the expense of good up-bring of their children, and school’s are blamed
for promoting unwanted and ungodly
behavior like examination
malpractices and several other
inadequacies.
Parents Teachers Association and Secondary
School Administration in Kwara State of Nigeria can only play their role
properly within the framework of effective school management and
administration. Effective administration of secondary school in Kwara State of
Nigeria may only be attempted through a complete democratization of the administrative machinery that
involves not only the education experts
in the State Board of Education, Local Government Education
Authority, principals of school but also teachers and parents who have a
common view about the students welfare. In the past, effective school
administration was conceptualized in terms of expert’s management at micro
level and the principals of the schools. Parents and teachers were to help the
school. Hence, many secondary schools have their signs of reading “Parents may
go beyond the point”. As time went on, they will
realized that for any secondary
school to be able to meets her stated objectives that administration should not
only be concentrated in the hands of
experts but also those directly concerned
about the students which are the parents and teachers.
Statement
of the Problem
As educators struggle to identify and
maximize the use of every resource to improve students’ performance, it is
increasingly important that they establish and maintain high levels of parent
involvement in their schools. Although, parent involvement at the
elementary school level has been studied
extensively, more research is needed “to determine why there is a decrease of involvement as the child advances to higher
grades”(Smith, 2001, :149) The purpose
of this study was to develop a better understanding of the
factors that significantly affect the level of parent involvement during the middle- school years.
Many
factors give rise to the formation” of Parents Teachers Association (PTA) in
Secondary Schools in Oyun Local Government Area, Kwara State. It is likely that
there are lack of school facilities; it could be due to shortage of manpower,
which may be as a result of student’s increase in population. Again, it may be
as a result of inadequate provision of school materials for students. All these
problems attract the intervention of the Parents- Teachers Association (PTA).
It is probably whether Parents Teachers Association (PTA) actually acts to assist
school in matters relating for day to day running of schools. Thus, a formal
study of this nature on the influence of Parents Teachers Association (PTA) in
school administration.
Purpose
of the Study
The purpose of this study is to determine
the influence of Parents Teachers Association and Secondary School
Administration in Kwara State of Nigeria. The Parents Teacher Association (PTA)
involvement in secondary school administration is a kind of rendering
assistance to government who always emphasizeself help development and these
associations help to promote discipline among students by policies formation.
Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the influence of Parent
Teacher Association in secondary school administration.
The purpose of this study can also be view
in another way as:
1. To
reveal parents and teachers’ perceptions in achieving school goals.
2. To
examine the impact of parents involvement in the academic performance of
students in the secondary school.
3. To
explore factors that have been perceived to promote or inhibit the parent’s
involvement in the academic process of students in secondary school.
4. To
investigate the extent of parents’ involvement in school administration.
Research
Questions
The following research
questions have been drawn up to guide the study:
1. To
what extent does parent involvement in the academic process affect their
performance in secondary school?
2. Does
Parents Teachers Association (PTA) help to recruit time teachers in case of
insufficiency?
3. To
what extent does parent’s involvement in school administration affect the
development of secondary school students?
4. Does
involvement of Parents Teachers Association in the administration of secondary
schools influence discipline in schools?
5.
Is indiscipline in secondary schools
largely due to lack of cooperation between parents and school authorities.
Significance
of the Study
The influence of Parents Teachers
Association in the administration of secondary school is of great importance.
Quite very often, people attribute the success of most secondary schools
administration to the existence of strong Parents Teachers Association
organization in schools.
This study
is therefore significance in the sense
that, it will throw more light on what the students, Teachers, Principals
and the general public perceived to be the influence
of Parents Teachers Association in the
administration machinery of secondary schools. Again, as a result of
its contributions the principals might see their shortcomings and involved in a
more effective approached to school administration. The result of the study may
provide reliable information on the nature of principals’ leadership in schools
to school boards of education (State and Local). From this, they may redefine
the policy on which subsequent school administration policies will be
formulated. Therefore, this would enhance effective teaching, learning and
administration in our secondary schools. Other researchers might find the
influence of the study useful particularly researchers in the field of school
administration and discipline.
It is hoped that this study will provide
information for various factor that help Parents Teachers Association in
achieving its school goals. In so doing, they can investigate the possibility
of introducing those factors to their own PTAs, which may consequently lead to
enhancing students’ educational outcomes in schools.
In addition, the fact that this study is
conducted in public schools, it shares quite a lot of similarities with many
other counterparts. In this connection, this study provides a valuable
reference for other schools to reflect upon the rationale and goals set by
their own PTAs.
Scope
of the Study
This
research work focuses on the roles of Parents Teachers Association in the
administration of Secondary Schools in Kwara State. This research work covers
all the 21 Public Secondary school
inOyun Local Government Area, Kwara State as stated below:
1. Oyun
Local Government Secondary School, Ilemona
2. Erin-Ile
Secondary School, Erin-Ile
3. Ira Grammar
School, Ira
4. Christ
Comprehensive School, Erin-Ile
5. Oyun
Baptist High School, Ijagbo
6. Emmanuel Junior Secondary School Erin-Ile
7. Government
Day Secondary School, Ipee
8. Oyun
Local Government Secondary School,
Aho-Gbada
10. Muslim Junior Secondary School, Erin-Ile.
11. Ipee Baptist High School, Ipee
12. Government Technical College, Erin-Ile
13. Igosun High School, Igosun
14. Ansaru-Islam Secondary School, Ijagbo
15. Ojoku Grammar School, Ojoku
16. Ikotun High School, Ikotu
17. Government Day Secondary School, Igbonna
18. Moje High School, Erin-Ile
19. Surajudeen College, Erin-Ile
20. Government Secondary School, Igosun
21. Ansaru-deen College, Ijagbo.
However, for
efficiency, the researcher uses 10 out of the 21 Public Secondary Schools in
Oyun Local Government Area of Kwara State. The research work will find out the
influence of Parents Teachers Association in the administration of Secondary Schools.
It should be noted that the conclusion of this research cannot be generalized
beyond the state, and it can serve as a base for further research works.
Definition
of Terms
Some terms frequently used in this study
need to be defined as they are used to avoid ambiguity. In view of this, the
researcher will give brief definition and explanation of the concepts used.
1. Parents Teachers Association (PTA): Is
an association or organization that comprises of parents, guidance, teachers
and students includethose who foster their resources together. It could also
mean an association made up of parents and teachers established for
consultation and cooperation between the school and home for the academic
progress of the students.
2. Administration: This
is a social process concerned with indentifying, maintaining, motivating,
controlling and unifying formally and informally organized human and materials
resources with integrated system designed specifically to achieve an
objectives. But in education context, educational administration is a service
activity through which the fundamental objectives of the educational process
may be more firmly and effectively realized.
3. PARENT’S PERCEPTION: It
means views, opinion, and interest of parents in the academic pursuit of their
children.
4. Academic
Process: Is a series of actions or tasks performed in a school in order to
do, make or achieve educational goals in the school.
5. Co-operation:
This means, working together for a common purpose to achieve a common goal. It
could also mean the willingness to be helpful and do as one is asked. It could
also be seen as working with someone or group of people to achieve something
for the good of all.
6. Part-time
Teacher: Part-time teacher is an individual or a teacher who is not a full
staff or member of a school but only employed by the school authority to be a
supportive teacher to the school as a result of lack or insufficient of subject
teachers in the school.
Click “DOWNLOAD NOW” below to get the complete Projects
FOR QUICK HELP CHAT WITH US NOW!
+(234) 0814 780 1594
Login To Comment