ABSTRACT
This
research work strives to evaluate the extent of development in Entrepreneurship
in a depressed economy like Nigeria. A
closer and pragmatic approach was adopted by using Nigerian Association of
Small-Scale Industrialists (NASSI) Enugu State Chapter. NASSI has been seen as one of the nation’s
governmental agency involved in manpower development and training and financing
small-scale industrialists. In view of this the following is being recommended
for improving this developmental objective.
a.
Government
commitment in developing the sector, this giving the much desired self-reliance
a priority by investing in the project.
b.
The
entire citizenry are enjoined to be creative by being involved in creation of
opportunities for self-reliance rather than relying on government and other big
companies for their jobs.
c.
The
provision of an organized loan-revolving scheme, thus making it mandatory for
benefactors to repay in time.
d.
Nassi
should as well try and organize their curricular towards giving trainings that
are practical and not theoretical so as to feel the impact in a short period of
time. And finally the need to inculcate
into our psych and schema the need to be technologically self-reliant.
Therefore,
the research is suggesting that further studies could be done on this by
evaluating the impact of small-scale enterprises in the economy. And the prospects of the Nigerian
Entrepreneur in a depressed economy. Consequently, the research solicits for
NASSI to be more pragmatic in their operation vis-à-vis the decree of which
they were established and then government in its own effort to try and create
an enabling environment for entrepreneurship development. In +his words Abrahim Maslow (A psychologist
known for his theories regarding human needs) insinuated that “the most
valuable 100 people to bring into a deteriorating society would not be
economists, or politicians or engineer rather 100 entrepreneurs.”
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER
ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background
of the Study
1.2
Statement
of the Problem
1.3
Objective
of the Study
1.4
Significance
of the Study
1.5
Research
Hypotheses
1.6
The
Scope of the Study
1.7
Limitations
of the Study
1.8
History
Background of the Case Study
1.9
Definition
of Terms
CHAPTER
TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1
Meaning
and History of Entrepreneurship Development
in Nigeria
2.2
History
of Entrepreneurship Development in Nigeria
2.3
Meaning
and Functions of an Entrepreneur
2.4
Functions
of an Entrepreneur
2.5
Activities
of the Nigeria Association of Small-scale
Industrialists (NASSI) in the Development of Entrepreneurship
2.6
Problems
of NASSI in the discharge of Entrepreneurship
Development in Enugu
2.7
Comments
CHAPTER
THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1
Method
of Data Collection
3.2
Population
of the Study
3.3
Sample
and Sampling Techniques
3.4
Research
Instruments
3.5
Method
of Data Analysis
CHAPTER
FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1
Introduction
4.2
Test
of Hypothesis
CHAPTER
FIVE: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION
AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1
Summary
of Findings 50
5.2
Conclusion 52
5.3
Recommendations 53
5.4
Suggestion
for further studies 54
Bibliography 55
Appendix A 56
Appendix B 57
Appendix C 61
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The need to incorporate in
our system the importance of being technologically self-reliant cannot be
over-emphasized. The first step is to
develop our human and natural resources, thus increasing our per - capita
income. In the past even years, or more,
especially during the administration of Ibrahim Babangida, Nigeria has
constantly pursued an economic policy that is geared towards self-reliance for
the individual as show by such programmes as the National Directorate of
Employment (NDE) which is a graduate assistance scheme aimed at helping young
school leavers to acquire necessary skills and funds that will help them to
start their own businesses, other programmes with such mission include the
people bank, Family Economic Advancement Programme (FEAP) and Nigerian
Association of Small-scale Industrialists (NASSI).
The entrepreneur and his
activities forms an integral part in the development of our economy. At this point, it becomes pertinent to define
who is an entrepreneur and why we are having an insight into his plight to actualize
the aims and objectives of his existence. Nwana, L.E. (1995:32) defined an
entrepreneur as an individual who is willing and able to take business risks
for gainful purpose”.
Despite the aspirations of
many, only a few people in this country and indeed Enugu our place of
concentration has carried out their intention of having business established by
them. Studies have been shown that 90%
of these who seriously decided to incorporate a company five or more years ago
have not yet done so. In Enugu state our
emphasis will concentrate on the Nigerian Association of Small-Scale
Industrialists (NASSI) Enugu State chapter, formed in 1978 owing to the
creation of Enugu State in 1991, the Enugu office was established, to represent
the organized small-scale industrialists in the state, thus tries to uplift the
status of this sector.
The NASSI has its chapter
in all the seventeen (17) local government areas of the state aimed at
inculcating into our society, the spirit of owing and controlling business at
the grass root level, to facilitate the much desired self-reliance on our locally
made goods and services, self-reliance on the national economy as show in the
policies of banning the importation of certain goods into this country, the
Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) which among other things aims at sourcing
for our own raw materials for the
industries locally, though many see it as backward integration the maintenance
culture is also part of our attempts on self-reliance.
Based on the indigenization
policy that brought into existence, the Nigerian Enterprise promotion decree of
1972, which aims at encouraging and giving Nigerians the skill and knowledge to
own and control their own business.
Although all the aims and objectives of this dream has not come to
fruition, since about 75% of Nigerians and indeed in Enugu have not realized
their dream of owning and controlling a business of their choice (Igboeli J.
1995).
1.1
STATEMENT
OF THE PROBLEM
The problem statement of
this research work includes the following:
1. How developed
is the Enugu Entrepreneur, even with the emergence of NASSI?
2. With what
government has done so far through NASSI, has it been able to carry-along these
entrepreneurs as regards, manpower development, financial and technical aids?
3. If developed,
to what extent has this development been able to put the Enugu entrepreneur on
track in items of self-reliance?
4. Will the
shortcomings be ascribed to the government and non-governmental agencies that
support them or to the entrepreneurs themselves?
5. In such a
depressed economy how is the entrepreneur surviving.
1.2
OBJECTIVE
OF THE STUDY
The need to develop entrepreneurship in the Nigerian economy
cannot be over-emphasized, because therein lies our hope of National
growth. The objective of this research
includes the following.
1. To critically analyze the activities of
entrepreneurs in Enugu, in relation to the overall objective of government
programmes and policies.
2. To know how the efforts of government to
develop entrepreneurship is progressing.
3. To identify the problems that has been
militating against the development of entrepreneurship in Enugu and Prefer
solutions.
1.3
SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
In such a depressed economy
like ours, the need to rush paid jobs with or without personal initiatives is
setting ourselves in the wrong direction.
Hence all governmental efforts to provide loans and incentives to
persons who are willing to own and control business would come in handy. It is
also in record that this present administration even though military has a
clear idea of what it will take to put Nigeria on her road to both political
stability and economic growth. Obviously, this administration has steadfastly
created good economic and social environment for real economic growth for
all. This is born out of recent
experience of European and American businesses owner’s efforts to discuss
business with our private and public agencies.
Also creditors are either canceling our debts or converting them into
long term loans. With these favorable conditions in mind, economic theories of
development suggest that a rapid growth would occur if the available resources
(human and material) are completely and judiciously explored and utilized for
the production and distribution of goods and services, since our is a free
economy. This assignments is passed unto Nigerian Entrepreneurs to truly bring
the dreams to fruition.
Therefore,
this study is aimed at bringing into focus this objective and then accessing
the steps so far and what could be done to improve the system. If by giving the job to governmental and
non-governmental agencies participation in private sector to an organization
will not be of advantage we can deal directly with the recipients. All the funds given out through NDE, SAP,
NERFUND etc were seen by many recipients as their own part of “National cake”,
therefore we shall strive hard to see if we can bring some sanity into the
system by giving other organizations like NASSI the chance to directly deal
with the entrepreneurs or any other organization to be formed. Apart from the monitoring of fund
disbursement pattern, NASSI shall help to seek ways to connect the Enugu
entrepreneur with other business contacts both locally and internationally.
This
research work is poised towards identifying the activities of the entrepreneur
in pursuing the much-desired economic and social self-reliance. The work will be of great help to student of
business management, researchers and also the entrepreneurs themselves who will
learn more and thus make a right step in the right direction by first
approaching their businesses with the overall view of being self-reliant.
Secondly,
to appreciate the financial aids given to them as loan to be repaid and not
relief packages and finally for the government to bring in their presence in
Enugu metropolis by establishing agencies that will be pragmatic in dealing
with the entrepreneurs as well as improving the social amenities in the city,
like good road network, good sanitary conditions and full supply of power which
forms an integral part in the production of good and services.
1.4
RESEARCH
HYPOTHESES
1. Ho: Rate
of illiteracy has not narrowed the scope of the Enugu
entrepreneur.
HI: Rate
of illiteracy has narrowed the scope of the Enugu
entrepreneur.
2. Ho: Funds
are misdirected thus going it to those who many not utilize
it well.
Hi: Funds are not
misdirected thus going it to those who utilize it well.
3. Ho Government
presence in the city has brought poor assimilation of
NASSI policies on business.
Hi Government
presence in the city has not brought poor assimilation of NASSI policies on
business.
4. Ho: Lack
of funds has hampered the expansion of the entrepreneurs.
Hi: Lack of funds
has not hampered the expansion of the
entrepreneurs.
1.5
THE
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The
scope of this work is just an insight into the activities of the young ideal
manager or who may be called an entrepreneur in Enugu. The angle the research is bringing in this
entrepreneur is from the activities of the Nigerian Association of the
Small-Scale industrialist (NASSI) Enugu State Chapter, Enugu Office. The entrepreneurs to be discussed here would
be the small-scale industrialist. The
office of the NASSI in Enugu has been visited and five more industries involved
in small-scale production were visited as well.
1.6
LIMITATION
OF THE STUDY
The
researcher was unable to get the required information from the chairman of
NASSI, thus by speaking with the secretary the right data was collected.
The
time frame was too short to conduct more researches on this topic hence the
asocial does not have any library for academic research work. Thirdly funds were a problem and as a result
certain areas were not covered in this study.
1.7
HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND OF THE CASE STUDY
The
Nigerian Association of Small-Scale Industrialists (NASSI) was found in 1978 by
the Federal Military Government of Nigeria through the Centre for Management
Development (CMD) to represent the organized small-scale industrialists in the
country and thus uplift the status of the industrial sector.
In 1979, the Anambra State
chapter was constituted, owning to the creation of Enugu State out of former
Anambra State the Enugu State Chapter came into being in 1991. This association has its office situated at
30 Zik Avenue, Enugu to oversee the affairs of the members in Enugu State. The Nigerian Association of small-scale industrialists
has chapters in all the 17 local governments of Enugu State. The person at the helm of affairs at the
state level is called the state chairman while local government chapters are
manned by local government coordinators.
NASSI is on the vanguard of
Industry Development to enlighten from the grassroots, entrepreneurs and to
articulate them for gainful purpose. It
also collaborates with foreign bodies to formulate business plan for members.
1.8
DEFINITION
OF TERMS
1. Depressed Economy
A severe and prolonged
downturn in economic activity. In economics, a depression is commonly defined
as an extreme recession that lasts two or more years. A depression is
characterized y economic factors such as substantial increase in unemployment,
a drop in available credit, diminishing output, bankruptcies and sovereign debt
defaults, reduced trade and commerce, and sustained volatility in currency
values. In times of depression confidence and investments decrease, causing the
economy to shut down.
2. Scholar
A scholar is a person that
has a sharp focus that delimits the area of inquiry in which s/he works. He
works to develop a complex, depth and sophisticated understanding of any of the
topics of study. Such a person is naturally inquisitive about around him/her. Swims
in the learning around her/him. She is familiar and knowledgeable in the area
of inquiry. Such person is articulate about his/her learning and can speak with
authority and clarity about what it is s/he researches, why and with what
hypothesis. He/she is highly productive, always striving to perform his/her
best and constantly seeks opportunity in which to complete for awards and
competitive events that both recognize and support outstanding works.
3. Poised
This means when an
individual is ready or set to take action or strike something any moment in
time. It is when a person exhibits composure and self-assuredness, which comes
in handy, for instance, during a job interview, giving a public talk or debate,
or playing sports. Watching the Olympics, you may wonder how gymnast remain so
poised when competing on the balance beam, considered the sport's most mentally
and physically challenging event.
4. Pragmatic
This is a way of dealing
with a situation or problems in a practical way rather than using theoretical
or abstract principles.
5. Metropolis
A metropolis is very large
city that contains is very large number of people.
6. Time frame
This is an interval of time
between one event and another related event that happens after it.
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