ABSTRACT
This study was undertaken to find out the impact of
Morale Office professionals in an organization. It was a survey study of Kaduna Polytechnic (College
of Environmental Science) in Kaduna Metropolis several
books and journals related to the topic were reviewed. Four (4) research
questions were formulated to guide the researcher in the study. Data was
collected from one hundred and fifty-six (156) respondents out of 200
questionnaires administered. Statistical table and Likert four point scales
were used to present and interpret the data collected. Following the analysis,
it was revealed that Office Professional Productivity is a tool in which organization
need to be used, and good leadership and concern with employees welfare boost morale.
Among other points, it was therefore recommended that Office Professionals side
their organizations for improve productivity and to keep abreast on modern
office equipments. Office Professionals should be promoted as at when due, to
boost their morale.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
Title
Page - - - - - - - - - - i
Declaration - - - - - - - - - - ii
Approval
Page - - - - - - - - - iii
Dedication - - - - - - - - - - iv
Acknowledgment - - - - - - - - - v
Abstract - - - - - - - - - - vi
Table
of Contents - - - - - - - - vii
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
of the Study - - - - - - 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem - - - - - - 6
1.3 Purpose of the Study - - - - - - - 8
1.4 Research
Questions - - - - - - - 8
1.5 Significance
of the Study - - - - - - 9
1.6 Scope of the Study - - - - - - - 10
1.7 Limitation of the Study - - - - - - - 10
1.8 Definition of Terms - - - - - - - 11
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE
REVIEW
2.0 Introduction - - - - - - - - 13
2.1 Concept of Morale - - - - - - - 13
2.2 Understanding Individual Behavior - - - - - 17
2.3 The
Effect of Motivating Office Professional in an Organization 19
2.4 The
Role of Effective Communication in Boosting Worker’s Morale 23
2.5 Relationship
between Communication and Office Professional 24
2.6 The Effect of
Leadership Style on Office Professional’s Morale 29
2.7 The Role of
Office Professional in the Relationship with the Employers 31
2.8 The Impact of Working Environment on Office
Professional Morale 34
2.9 Factors Influencing Office Professional Morale - - - 35
2.10 Morale and Office Professionals Productivity - - - 37
2.11 Morale and Office Professionals Productivity - - - 42
2.12 Summary of the Review - - - - - - 44
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction - - - - - - - - 46
3.2 Research Design - - - - - - - - 46
3.3 Area of the Study - - - - - - - 46
3.4 Population of the Study - - - - - - 46
3.5 Sample and Sampling Technique - - - - - 47
3.6 Instrument for the Collection of Data - - - - 47
3.7 Validation of the Instrument - - - - - - 48
3.8 Administration of the Instrument - - - - - 48
3.9 Method of Data Analysis - - - - - - 49
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.0 Introduction - - - - - - - - 51
4.1 Data Presentation and Analysis - - - - - 51
4.2 Major Findings - - - - - - - - 58
4.3 Discussion of Findings - - - - - - - 60
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.0 Introduction - - - - - - - - 63
5.1 Summary - - - - - - - - - 63
5.2 Conclusion - - - - - - - - - 64
5.3 Recommendations - - - - - - - 65
5.4 Areas for Further Study - - - - - - 66
References - - - - - - - - - 67
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: How
does leadership style affect the morale and productivity of employees? - - - - - - - 51
Table 2: What
are the techniques used in boosting workers and productivity level in an
organization? - - - 53
Table
3: What impact does work
environment have on employees’ morale and productivity in an organization? - - 54
Table
4: In
What ways does the role of effective communication boosts workers morale and productivity
in an organization - 56
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
A
major problem encountered by the management is to know what will motivate office
professionals and its implementation. The question why people work is a
controversial one because of the increasing complexity of industrialization in
the society.
William (1984) opines that motivating staff does not end
or stop at mere giving out of rewards and incentives but to be effective and
consistence in maintaining the rewards system. Although, it has been the
practice of most organizations to ensure that rewards provided are ones which
are highly demanded and utilized, since the behavior and attitude put into
production depending largely on the kind of rewards and incentives existing in
the organization.
Porter and Lawler (1984) state that the first step in
building effective reward practice is for the organization to ensure that
rewards provided are ones which are widely desire by the office professionals
on the day-to-day operation. This suggests that the reward and employer
considers highly positive for certain office professionals may not be regarded
by another set of office professionals in the same organization.
Eugene
(2007) postulates that the first step towards achieving and maintaining the
morale of the workforce lies in understanding the differencing factors which
motivated individuals within a team. (i.e. some factors regarded as
inspirational force to one team- member, may attempt to another team-member).
This mean that there are many or numerous ways of determining factors that can
highly motivate and influence the morale of office professionals but the most
successful way is simply ask them what their desires are.
Mullins (1989) postulates that office professionals are
experts of their own. The formal organization is now constantly changing with
interested members and the individuals are central features of the
organizational behaviors, and a necessary part of any behavioral situation,
whether acting in isolation or as a part of a group, in response to expectation
of the organization.
Productivity
is the amount of output per unit of input (labor, equipment and capital). There
are many different ways of measuring productivity. For example, in a factory
productivity might be measured based on the number of hours it takes to produce
a good, while in the service sector, productivity might be measured based on
the revenue generated by an employee divided by his/her salary.
Productivity
is a measure of the efficiency of production. Productivity is a ratio of what
is produced to what is required to produce it. Usually this ratio is in the
form of an average, expressing the total output divided by the total input.
Productivity is a measure of output from a production process, per unit of
input (Onasanya 1990).
Productivity
is a process of combining various material inputs and immaterial inputs (plans,
know-how) in order to make something for consumption (the output). The methods
of combining the inputs of production in the process of making output are
called technology. Technology can be depicted mathematically by the production
function which describes the relation between input and output. The production
function can be used as a measure of relative performance when comparing
technologies.
Office
professional is an occupation or vacation carrier where specialized knowledge
of a subjects, field or science is applied. Office professional is a member of
vacation founded upon specialized educational training. The term is used more
generally to denote a white collar workers or a person who performs
commercially in a field typically reserved for amateurs.
Office
professional may also refer to a person having impression competence in a
particular activity.
The
secretary has extremely vast and varied significance. He/she plays or functions
as an office manager and combines his/her varied skills, good human relation,
supervisory competence, creative and initiative to ensure a more productive and
perfect organization of work-force in the office.
Onasanya
(1990) states that, a secretary carryout the functions of communication in an
organization. That is to say, the process by which information is disseminated
between individuals, personnel in an organization is entirely necessitated by
the secretary in that organization. A very efficient secretary is conscious of
the importance of conveying the desired message in effective and appropriate
manner, which in a way facilitates organizational productivity.
Hornby
(1995) opines that, Human Relation is one of the core functions of a secretary
in an organization. It is the wholesome responsibility of a secretary to
tactfully and wisely exhibit the role of Human Relations in order to create
hard work.
Melvin
(1990) said that as occasion demands, the secretary may be required to stand in
for the executive when the Executive is indisposed and perform or carryout a
general supervision in an organization.
A
trader has little of no need at all for effective management of
correspondences. However, as business expands, the need for paper work arises.
Letters would have to be written and received, stored, processed and
disseminated to the appropriate quarters for consumption. These documents may
be needed for future references, which could only be formed or retrieved if
they are properly kept.
Nwosu
(1997) defines storage of filling as the process of sorting documents or
correspondences into appropriate headings, which enables easy location. This
practice is good so long as it does not allow dust and insect to destroy or
muddle up the documents. But advances filing tools for long-lasting
preservation of documents has been carried out for effective and efficiency
secretarial work or function. This implies that organization is enriched with
more information both the past and present via this function, performed by
secretary.
It
is also worthy of note that, secretarial functions have significantly enhanced
the organizational administration operation. Whitehead (2001) states that, a
secretary today the power behind the “throne” in many Executive situations.
That is to say, behind every successful administration, a first class secretary
acts as effective administration nerve.
1.2 Statement
of the Problem
Experiment
has shown that most techniques adopted or deplorable by the employers is void
of appeal to encourage and influence the morale of the office professionals,
and by extension could hamper the best of the office professionals working
ability and productivity. This is because employers of labour have not taken
into cognizance of those factors that boost efficiency and effective
performance which ordinarily could yield high productivity in organization.
More so, it is obvious that there is negative impression
such as fear of reward system, which affects grossly the morale of the office
professionals in achieving organizational goals. Some employers do not see the
need of improving the staff welfare or give a better remunerations and
incentives to them, and thereby has demoralize the morale of the workforce in
the organization and has in turn reduced productivity of the office
professionals.
In addition, some employers of labor erroneously believe
that by showing, swearing and treating office professionals with termination of
their contract or employment would propel them to perform their duties.
Whereas, this factor could yield “good” results in a short-term and in the long
run, the office professionals will likely contemplate on either to keeping the
job or quitting.
Furthermore, the management in most cases are careless
about what their workers feel productive or unproductive at work, and these
have resulted to lateness, absenteeism, truancy, theft etc. all these are
factors that have culminated to poor exhibition of attitudes toward work or
performance.
1.3 Purpose
of the Study
The
general objective of the study is to identify the effect of morale on an office
professionals productivity in an organization, while the specific objective are
as follows:
1. To find out the effects of leadership style
on the morale of office professionals.
2. To identify the techniques used for boosting
the morale of office professionals and their productivity in an organization.
3. To find out the impact of good environment
on office professionals morale and productivity in an organization.
4. To investigate the ways in which effective
communication of office professionals morale and productivity.
1.4 Research Questions
The
following research questions have been formatted in order to help find out
solutions to the problems under study.
1. What are the effects of different
leadership styles on the productivity of office professionals?
2. What are the techniques used to boost
office professional morale and productivity
in an organization?
3. What impact does work environment have on
office professional morale and productivity in an organization?
4. In what ways does effective communication
influence workers morale and productivity in an organization?
1.5
Significance
of the Study
The findings of this research will be of immense benefits
to the office professionals, organization and the future researcher.
The study will enable the office professionals of an
organization to identify factors that will motivate them and by extension, they
will be encouraged to put out in their best and achieve a better output.
The study as well will be of great importance to the
employers, since it will enable them to easily discover what is to be done,
when and how to do them in order to gainfully devote the hearts of their office
professional to work in an organization. More so, the study will indeed be of
immense importance to organization, (i.e. management) as it will serve and
enable them to identify factors that will boost employee’s morale working in
the organization.
This research work will serve as a source or reference
materials for on-coming researchers who may be writing on a similar idea or
researching for similar problem.
1.6 Scope of the Study
This
study is being conducted to find out factors that could boost and enhance
employee’s morale in an organization. Therefore, the scope of this study would
cover the effect of motivating workers in an organization, the roles of
effective communication, effect of leadership styles on workers morale and
productivity and the impact of working environment on workers morale and
productivity in an organization.
1.7 Limitation
of the Study
The
fact that the researcher was unable to use the entire population but instead
resorted to sampling the study population posed a problem.
Another
major constraints to this study was the problem of finance. The cost of designing
the questionnaire, typing, photocopying and binding of the project,
transportation cost to the various units and department of some organization
several times to administer and collect the questionnaire, was very high.
The
attitude of respondents was a real problem as some of them were nor ready to
cooperate at all. The executives were simply out of reach. The few that the
researcher was able to see, refused to attend to the researcher but instead
suggested to change of topic as, to them, the topic is not researchable. Others
asked the researcher to come back at a later date only to meet their absence or
apology. Some of the respondents were on leave and so could not be reached.
Finally,
the problem of time was a major limitation the time given was very sort as it
carried alongside normal academic work.
1.8 Definition
of Terms
In
the course of this study some unfamiliar terms were used which are seen
strictly in the light of this study:
§ Office Professional: A person having impression
of competence in a particular activity.
§ Productivity: Productivity
is a measure of the efficiency of production. Productivity is a ratio of what
is produced to what is required to produce it.
§ Employee: A
staff of a particular organization.
§ Morale: Means
lifting an individual inner feelings or mind.
§ Motivation: It
is a spring of action which intends to positively influence the performance of
office professional in an organization.
§ Organization: A
group of business that is formed for a particular purpose.
Click “DOWNLOAD NOW” below to get the complete Projects
FOR QUICK HELP CHAT WITH US NOW!
+(234) 0814 780 1594
Login To Comment