TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the study
Statement of the problem
Research Questions
Research Hypotheses
Purpose of the Study
Significance of the Study
Scope of the Study
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE
Concept of adolescents
Factors associated with Adolescent
Sexuality
Characteristics of a Sexually Health
Adolescent
Concept of Sexual Behaviour
Sexual Behaviour of Adolescents
Relationship between Knowledge of
Family Life Education
and Sexual Behaviour of Adolescents
Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Introduction
Research Design
Sampling and Sampling Techniques
Instrumentation
Psychometric Properties of the
Instrument
Procedure for Data Collection and
Administration
Methods of Data Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS
Introduction
Summary of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
Introduction
Discussion
Recommendations
Suggestions for Further Research
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the study
Adolescence
is a time when young people are learning a great deal about themselves and
adjusting to a rapid change in their bodies. World Health Organization (WHO
1995) views adolescent as person between 10 – 19 years and they are made up of
20% of the world’s population of 5 whom 85% of them live in developing
countries. During early ado1lescence, many experience new uncertainties about
their bodies and how they function. They need information and assurance about
what is happening to them. As they mature, some feel confused about what they
are supposed to do in a variety of situations including level of relationship
with family and peers, coping with new sexual feelings and trying to access
conflicting message about who they are and what is expected of them
(Comprehensive Sexuality Education, 1991).
In
the past, it was normal to protect adolescents from receiving education on
sexual matters as it was falsely believed that ignorance would encourage
chastity yet. The rampant unprotected sexual activities among adolescents and
the devastating consequences in evidence of the sexual and reproductive health
behaviour of Nigeria Youth confirm that they had not been formally taught about
sexuality, their information on this important subject came from peers, new, magazine,
and biology classes (Comprehensive Sexuality Education, 1991).
Many
young people without guidance from responsible adults make decisions daily
about sexuality, relationship and health issues and many times, decisions are
not based on accurate information or on clear and well considered values. Many
adolescents lack the cognitive skills to understand the connections between
their actions and long-term consequences (Brindis, 1991). Parents, educators
and communities all face the challenge of creating environment that support and
nurture good sexual health. Young people need family-life education programmes
which are otherwise known as sexuality education which refers to curricula
designed to provide information that will help young people make healthy
decision and choices (Brindis, Pittman, Reys, 1991). This programme models in
teaches them to have positive worth, be responsible, understanding an
acceptance of diversity and sexual health.
Many
in-school adolescents still believe that family-life education would encourage
“sexual experimental” and several studies have been conducted to determine
whether family-life education programme actually increase young people’s sexual
involvement. One of these is the land mark study commissioned by the World Health
Organisation (WHO) in 1993 which conclusively showed that contrary to long-held
beliefs.
No
significant relationship exists between receiving formal sexuality education
and initiating sexual activity. Rather, sexuality education result in postponement
or reduction in the frequency of sexual activity and more effective use of
contraception and adoption of safe behaviour (Comprehensive Sexuality
Education, 1991). Instead of informing adolescent only about the health risk
and potential negative consequence associated with sexual activity, adult need
to provide young people with more balance messages. Adolescents need accurate
and comprehensive. Instead of informing
adolescent only about the health risk and potential negative consequence
associated with sexual activity, adult need to provide young people with more
balance messages. Adolescents need accurate and comprehensive education about
sexuality to practice health sexual behaviour as adults. Early exploitative or
risky sexual activity may lead to health and sexual problems such as unwanted
pregnancy and sexuality transmitted disease including Acquired Immune
Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
The
in-school adolescents need to receive clear, protective messages about sexual
decision making, but they need to hear affirming messages about healthy
relationships and healthy sexuality. Sexuality is more than “sexual activity”.
It deal with many aspects of life including biological, gender roles, body
image and interpersonal relationships, thought, believe, values attitudes,
feelings and sexual behaviour. Therefore, it is important to study the
relevance of the knowledge of family life education and sexual behaviour of
in-school adolescent in Ifelodun Local Government, Kwara State.
Statement of the problem
In Nigeria, like many developing
countries adequate attention has not been given to the development of
family-life education programmes despite the high rate of unwanted pregnancy,
school dropouts STD/HIV/AIDS, sexual abuse drug abuse and many more among in-school
adolescent. Efforts by Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs) to design and
implement in junior and senior secondary school, family-life education and
sexual behaviour curricular with the hope of reducing adolescent pregnancy and
Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) are yet to yield expected results. The
assumption is that if adolescent are positively influenced by the family-life
education programmes received in schools, it is likely to have great impact on
their sexual relationships and overall, sexual and sexual adjustment.
A
study carried out by population reference Bureau (2000) revealed that one third
(36.5 million) of Nigeria total population of 123 million are youth between the
ages of 10- 24 (The Bureau, 2000). By 2005, the number of Nigeria youth will
exceed 57 million (United Nations, 1999). Lack of sexual health information and
services places these young one at risk for early pregnancy, abortion, dropout,
sexually transmitted infections (STI), and HIV/AIDS. In additions, early
marriage and child bearing limit youths educational and employment
opportunities after school. Yet effective innovative programmes can provide
in-school adolescent with the sexual health-information and services they need.
Over
16% of teenage female reported first sexual intercourse by age 15. Among young
woman age 20 – 24 nearly half (49, 4%) reported first sex by age 15. among
these ages 20 – 24, 36.3% reported first sexual intercourse by 18 (the
commission, 2000). In one survey of sexually experienced teens, over 13% of
woman and over 27% of men reported exchanging money, gifts, or favours for sex
in the previous 12 months (The Commission 2000).
In
1999, Nigeria’s adolescent fertility rate was 111-births per 1,000 young girls
aged 15 – 19 and average Nigeria woman have more than five births during their
life time. Teenage mothers were more likely prone to senior complications than
older woman during delivery, resulting in higher morbidity and mortality for
both mothers and infants. Performing or seeking for an abortion is illegal in
Nigeria, except to save a woman’s life. Yet experts estimate that more than
600,000 Nigerian woman obtain abortions each year (Henshaw, etal, 1998).
Otoide
(2001) stated that, one third of woman obtaining abortions were in-school
adolescents. His hospital based studies showed that up to 80% of Nigeria
patients with abortion related to complications were in-school adolescents.
The
parent study on how the knowledge of family life education and sexual behaviour
programmes can influence the sexual behaviours of in-school adolescent was
motivated by the study Hacker (2000). He stated that 19.2% of students said
they have less information about contraception from their parents’ nor
community health centre, classes or teachers. Therefore, the research wishes to
determine how the knowledge of family life education can influence them
positively.
Research Questions
The
following are the research questions raised in to guide the conduct of this
study:
1.
What
is the knowledge level of in-school adolescent about family life education?
2.
What
are the sexual` behaviours of in-school adolescent?
3.
Is
there any difference between knowledge of family life and sexual behaviour of
in-school adolescent on the basis of age?
4.
Is
there any difference between knowledge of family life and sexual behaviour of
in-school adolescent on the basis of religion?
5.
Is
there any difference between knowledge of family life and sexual behaviour of
in-school adolescent on the basis of gender?
Research Hypotheses
The
following null hypotheses were formulated from the research questions raised.
1.
There
is no significant difference between knowledge of family life and sexual
behaviour of in-school adolescents based on age.
2.
There
is no significant difference between knowledge of family life and sexual
behaviour of in-school adolescents based on religion.
3.
There
is no significant difference between knowledge of family life and sexual
behaviour of in-school adolescents based on gender.
Purpose of the Study
The
purpose of the study is to ascertain the knowledge of family life education and
sexual behaviour of in-school adolescents in Ifelodun Local Government Area
(L.G.A.). Also it is to determine their knowledge levels on family life
education and know the sexual behaviour common among the in-school adolescents
in the Local Government Area.
The
study also is to ascertain if there is difference between the knowledge of
family life education and sexual behaviour of in-school adolescent on the basis
of age, religion and gender.
Significance of the Study
The
importance of a well-organized, efficient and effective family life education
programme is a fundamental need to any modern nation, and this is a universal
truism. A country is which the in-school adolescent are well informed is
assured of prosperity and a well adjusted citizenry. This study is therefore
tremendously significant in the sense that its findings would provide
adolescents and parents with ample data on the knowledge of family life
education and sexual behaviour of in-school adolescents.
The
findings of this study would benefit psychologists and other helping
professional who are interested in the development of appropriate sexuality
programmes for adolescent among the Nigerian populace. The findings of this
study are relevant to the schools, student, parents, counsellors, government
and non-government agencies e.t.c. The students would be able to see the need
to enhance themselves with the appropriate knowledge on family life programmes
and know the sexual behaviour to avoid. Parents would benefit from the finding
of the study. Parents will have better understanding on the sexual behaviour of
their children and know how to foster right sexual behaviour in them. The study
will help the school counsellor to guide the students appropriately.
The
government will see the need to further finance the family life education,
promote it in all schools and organize regular seminars or workshops for
teaching in order for them to have a better understanding of the students they
are leadings.
The
findings of the study will benefit the helping professional or non-governmental
agencies in organizing relevant seminars for the students and teachers, to know
how to check vices among students and promotes chastity among in-school
adolescents.
Scope of the Study
The
researcher is concentrating mainly on the knowledge of family life education
and sexual behaviour of in-school adolescent in Ifelodun Local Government Area,
Kwara State. The research selected six secondary schools in the local government
area. The schools were junior and senior secondary schools.
The
selections of the schools were when done using simple random sampling
technique. The researcher randomly select 300 (Three hundred) students for the
study from the selected school at Ifelodun Local Government Area, Kwara State.
Therefore 50 students were been randomly selected from each of the selected
schools.
Operational Definition of Terms
Adolescent: A person between 10 – 19 years of
age.
Adolescence: A period between childhood and adulthood
when a number of dramatic physical changes and important physical, emotional
and social development occur.
Family-life Education: Also called sexuality education,
sexual and family health promotion, family living and life skill education are
designed to provide information that will help young people make healthy
decision and choices about their sexuality.
Sexual Behaviour: Refers to the behaviour that provides
pleasure and possible arousal of the sexual organs. Sexual behaviour, it is
what people do sexually with other or themselves, how they present themselves
sexually, how they talk and act.
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