ABSTRACT
The
study was Influence of
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on Football administration in
Nigeria. The study population comprised
participants from (i) NFF
Members and Workers in the Nigeria Football Federation, Glass House Abuja (ii)
members and workers of State Football Association (iii) Officials and players
of Premier League Clubs. Four hundred subjects were purposively selected
from the population. However, related literatures were reviewed from textbooks,
journals and past researches. Four research questions
and hypotheses were formulated and tested. The data were analyzed using
frequency count, percentage, and Chi-Square Analysis. It was discovered
that there is a significant relationship between Information and Communications
Technology (ICT) and Football administration in Nigeria. Therefore, the finding
revealed that the NFF/ Clubs owners/Players should procure more ICT facilities
and equipment to enhance efficiency and effectiveness in Football administration
in Nigeria. This study suggested that Nigeria Football Federation, Glass House Abuja should
place greater emphasis on ICT on match venues to reduce conflict in Management of
Football in Nigeria.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
Page
Title
page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract vi
Table
of contents vii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1
Introduction
1.2
Statement of the problem
1.3
Purpose of the study
1.4
Research questions
1.5
Research hypothesis
1.6
Significance of the study
1.7
Delimitations of the study
1.8
Limitations of the study
1.9
Operation definitions of terms
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF
RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Concept of ICT
2.3 Relevance
of ICT to Football Administration
2.4 ICT and
Football Development in Developed Countries
2.5 Football
Management and ICT Facilities in Nigeria and other Countries.
2.6 Concepts of
Administration and Leadership
2.7 Concept of
Football Management
2.8 ICT
Component Accessible to Football Administrators in Nigeria
2.9 ICT and
Stress Management in Sports
Administration
2.10
Relevance
of ICT To Football Sports and facilities Construction
2.11
ICT
in Education
2.12
Sports
Management Practice in Nigeria
2.12 Effective
Management of Sport in Primary ,Secondary And Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria
2.13 Problems of
Effective Management of Football Sports in Nigeria
2.14 Relevance of ICT to administration of
institutions
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Research
Method
3.3 Population
of the Study
3.4 Sample and
Sampling Technique
3.5 Research
Instrument
3.6 Validity
and Reliability of Instrument
3.7 Method of
Data Collection
3.8 Method of
Data Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS OF FINDINGS
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Research Questions/Hypotheses analysis
and results
4.3 Discussion of results
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY,
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Implication of the study
5.3 Recommendation
5.4 Suggestions for further studies
5.5 Conclusion
References
Questionnaire (Appendix)
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Information and telecommunication technology (ICT) has
contributed immensely to the transformation of football administration in this
country is not an over-statement. Fasan (2004) stated that football as a sporting
activity in the present day has undergone a very sophisticated scientific
process. Football development and administration require a lot of professional
knowledge in which ICT is the driving force. Proper utilization of ICT in
football administration generates much success for footballers, marketers,
coaches, referees, and the nation at large.
Information and communication technology is a concept
that is relatively new in Nigeria. ICT is complex and difficult to define in an
organization. However, it has been discovered that some units of technology
have been found relevant to sports especially in the area of football
administration. These components of ICT include: Prints media (such as books,
journals, magazines, seminar papers, periodic, newspaper and handbills),
Electronic media (radio, TV, films, internet), Telephone, Telex, E-mail, Fax, Computer.
Human creativity and ingenuity have been put to
optimum use in the last few centuries given rise to modern western scientific
technology today referred to as the most glamorous civilization in the history
of mankind. The application of ICT have put an end to several factors that hampered
football administration. Information consists of facts providing knowledge
relating to specific events or situation which may be used as a basis for
making decisions.
Lucey (1990) in his submission as sighted by Awoyinfa
(2008) opined that information can literally be seen as the end product of
every experience, hence for information to be obtained the knowledge which is
defined as a group of well-confirmed laws like generalizations which relate to
specific data is needed in the environment. Information attempts to instruct
and motivate people towards some sort of activities. Kayit (2003) defined
technology as the application of scientific knowledge and principle to solving
human problems. Sports technology is explained to mean the application of
scientific knowledge and principles applied to sports situations. It could also
be said to mean the application of scientific knowledge, skills, values and
principles through man’s creative powers in finding ways and means of achieving
higher levels of human movement performance.
Information communication is defined as ‘informing or
being informed’. Information could be in form of news, knowledge, concepts,
views, opinion and perhaps, making people to be aware and become knowledgeable
about a thing or environment. Ukah (1991), claimed that once a man is educated
there is the tendency of such individuals to be able to face the challenges
that come his/her ways especially in the area of sports. Communication
according to Okwo and Ike (1995) in Fasan (2004) is the process, which is used
to pass on information or knowledge either in form of news, feelings, emotion
and ovation to other people. Thus, information technology involves a systematic
and scientific process of passing on knowledge. Today, the importance of ICT is
continually emphasized not only in Nigeria but also all over the world.
Considering the problems inhibiting football
administration encountered in a “non-on-line” administrative information
management system, it is the objective of this study to demand for
computerized, web-base, better and well reliable system in all sports levels in
Nigeria. The system will allow students, parents, lecturers, administrators,
government and the stake holders to have access to the soccer game’s info,
without necessarily visiting the glass-house at Abuja. Football sports
activities would be in their prime and at optimal level while administration
can enjoy today, the global transformation brought about by technology via
computer & telecommunication linked-up to ameliorate and proffer solutions
to the problems of administration of football in the global society.
Sports competition can also be organized at local,
state, national, international levels and require facilities and equipment,
man, material and money for proper execution. Sports involve serious business
that must be handled by competent persons. However, to ensure that sports
sustain its dynamic roles of entertainment, professionalism and recreation,
certain individuals are expected to manage its affairs, both human and material
resources available within the sports organizations. These individuals are
referred to as leaders and comprise of both male and female sports
administrators.
Fasan, (1994) observed that leadership is a process
that involves an interaction between people in which one person influences the
behaviour in the group. Akanlll (1988) asserted that the ability to direct
employee in such a way that the goals are achieved is termed leadership. In
addition, ICT ensures that football enterprise is got done and effectively too.
Urwick and Gullick (1992) and Challadurai (2002)
identified the following management techniques which are also imperative in
sports and football administration as; Planning, organizing, staffing,
directing or leading, controlling, cor-ordinating , budgeting, and evaluation
(PODSCORBE). The prevailing sucessation crisis rocking the Nigerian Football
federation (NFF) has led to government intervention and interference, referees
strike, suspension of leagued matches, and FIFA legislation or sanction against
government sack of football staff. In view
of this, the business of soccer administration and operations becomes much more
complex and harder to understand. Hence, the conduct of the football enterprise
has become increasingly concerned about efficient operations and effective
utilization and allocation of resources. All these development makes the relevance
and resourcefulness of ICT in football administration indispensable.
Over the years, football has become the most popular
sport across the globe. It is so beautiful a sporting activity that both
genders, young and old played a game consciously or unconsciously watch the
game physically and electronically via telecommunication technology. Football is equally emotional. The social, economic
and commercial impacts of football on the players, teams, states and federal
governments as well as sports bodies are unquantifiable. Awoyinfa (2008)
reported that people had been known to take their lives because their team
losses a game. Football is widely discuss by all cadres of human endeavour and
professions, out of share emotion forgetting that the game has its own
practitioners as they are in their various fields. These practitioners are herein referred to as football
administrators or managers.
In so far as possible, the study deals with
administration in terms of new ideas and concept embedded in ICT. Thus, the
need to give the top administration an over view of the operating and
administration problems for which it has general responsibility to show good
administrative practice This study therefore focuses on the application of
scientific principles and skills towards football administration in Nigeria.
1.2 Statement
of the Problem
Ayeni (2008)
stated that some unit of technology have been found relevant to sports
especially in the areas of print and electronic media. The absence of these
technologies have not allow Nigeria
league and clubs to exposed to international community and best practice around
the world in the game of football. The problem
of the study therefore is that the needed ICT components for effective
administration of football in Nigeria are inadequate; a situation that has
exposed Nigeria football to danger of ridicule, collapse and FIFA sanctions,
yet football ought to be heart beat of youths and almost all Nigerians as
applicable to other football nations.
1.3 Purpose
of the Study
The study seeks to achieve the following purposes:
1.
To
examine the resourcefulness of ICT on football administration in Nigeria
2.
To
assess ways computer literacy would affect football administration in Nigeria
3.
To
determine how ICT can reduce stress in football administration in Nigeria
4.
To
find out how effective communication affects football management in Nigeria
1.4 Research
Questions
The following questions were answered in this study:
1.
Will
the resourcefulness of ICT improve football programme planning in Nigeria?
2.
Will
football club ICT compliance influence football management in Nigeria?
3.
Will
ICT reduce conflict management in football administration in Nigeria?
4.
Will
ICT compliance among teams enhance effective communication among players and
team in Nigeria?
1.5 Research
Hypotheses
The following hypotheses were tested in this study:
1.
The
resourcefulness of Information Communication Technology will not significantly improve
football programme in Nigeria
2.
Football
club Information Communication Technology will not significantly influence effective
football management in Nigeria
3.
Information
Communication Technology will not significantly reduce conflict management in
football matters in Nigeria.
4.
Information
Communication Technology compliance among football club will not significantly enhance
effective communication among players and teams in Nigeria.
1.6 Significance
of the Study
The findings of this study will be beneficial to
sports and soccer game administrators in Nigeria for planning and informed
decisions making as well as program execution speedily with and minimal costs. Given
the resourcefulness of ICT and computer literacy, football employees, employers
and administrators will be exposed to the international community and conduct
the enterprise of football according international best practice.
The study will also be beneficial to footballers as
they develop more interest and passion in football as a career and get internal
and external exposures.
Football enthusiasts and stakeholders will benefit
from the study given the fact that information flow and sharing will be
facilitated in the football game issues.
Government will also benefit from the study as it will
be guided by resource allocation and budgeting to sports and football
administration in the country given the importance of such finding to the
welfare of the youths.
Lastly, the findings of this study will be beneficial to researchers,
scholars and data banks. In this case, this study will serves as a reference
document.
1.7 Delimitation
of the study
This study was delimited to the following:
(I) Members
of NFF, workers in the NFF, state football association, premier league clubs
and amateur football clubs in Nigeria randomly selected.
(II)
The
use of questionnaire.
(III)
Two
research assistants
(IV)
South-West
geo-political zone of Nigeria
1.8 Limitation
of the study
The problem encounter for this study was the genuineness
filling the questionnaire and quick retrieved of questionnaire.
The researcher employed persistence on the participants for
the completion of the questionnaire.
1.9 Operational
Definition of Terms
Computer
Literacy: Is the ability to operate the computer devices and
internet facilities, to store and retrieve information locally and globally.
Football
Administration: Is the
planning, directing and co-ordination of soccer game for the attainment of the
goals of management.
Football
Game: Is a game played
by two teams of 11 (eleven) players using a spherically shaped object (the
ball) with an outer casting of leather, rubber or synthetic in a pitch, usually
for 90 minutes duration of two equal halves (45 minutes a piece)
ICT
Components: Are
electronic devices such as print and electronic media (books, journals,
magazines, Radio, TV, films, internet, and computer devices
Information
and Communication Technology (ICT): Is the entire computer based information systems and
their underlying techniques used in football administration in particular and
other sectors of the economy in general.
Soccer Game: Same as
football game
Sports: Is a cultural universal practice rooted in the history of ancient Greek
civilization and an organized completion in the context of the universe.
Stress: Is health implication inherent in a task or organization.
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