ABSTRACT
This
study investigated men involvement in ante-natal care using Ikeja bag Local
Government as a study. It was designed to establish the impact of min in
ante-natal related issues and its corresponding effect on infant development.
Relevant literature and theories related to this study were used
Both
primary and secondary data were used. The primary data include a well
structured questionnaire of 200 administered to respondents in Ikeja Local
Government in Lagos State through stratified and accidental sampling
techniques, 174 returned while 15 rejected and their responses analyzed through
descriptive and non parametric statistics.
Finding
revealed that men’s involvement indicated the importance of ante-natal care and
post-natal care as it play a tremendous role in the sustainability of child
development, socialization process and marital harmony. It was ascertained that
ante-natal care is a signpost of the development of a child, marital bless and
family harmony.
It
was recommended that men should underlisted that no woman carries a pregnancy
in the first instance without the input the “supplying the ingredients” that
facilitates the pregnancy process. Therefore, it is highly recommended and
post-natal stages to give the women a sense of care and being loved.
Moreover,
the birth of an infact in insignificant without the active support of parents
in primary socialization process. This therefore call on the men to help model
the child behavour. Starting from pre-birth stages (ante-natal) to post birth
state (post-natal) and stop hiding under the guise of their job as this affects
the family structure and society at large.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title Page
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Table of Content
List of Tables
Abstract
CHAPTER
ONE
Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of Problem
1.3 Significance of Study
1.4 Objectives of the Study
1.5 Research Questions
1.6 Scope of the Study
1.7 Operational Definition of Terms
CHAPTER
TWO
Literature Review and
Theoretical Framework
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Women Pregnancy and Ante-Natal Care
2.3 Women Ante-Natal Record
2.4 Ante-Natal Depression
2.5 Theoretical Framework
2.5.1 Functionalist Theory
2.5.2 Socialization Theory
2.5.3 Social Identity Theory
CHAPTER THREE
Research
Methodology
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Background Information on Ikeja Local
Government Area
3.2.1 Social Characteristics on Ikeja Local
Government Area
3.3 Research Design
3.4 Study Population
3.5 Sample and Sampling Procedure
3.6 Method of Data Collection
3.7. Method of Data Analysis
3.8 Reliability of the Study Tools
3.9 Limitation of the Study
CHAPTER FOUR
Data
Analysis and Interpretation
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Presentation of Data Analysis on Men’s
Involvement in Ante-natal Care
4.3 Summary of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
Summary,
Conclusion and Recommendation
5.1 Summary
5.2 Recommendation
5.3 Suggestions for Further Studies
5.4 Conclusion
References
Appendix
LIST OF TABLES
4.1.1 Age Distribution of Respondent
4.1.2 Distribution of Respondent According to Their Marital Status
4.1.3 Educational Qualification of Respondent
4.1.4 Years of Residence in Lagos
4.1.5 I Involve Myself in Every Stages of My Wife’s
Pregnancy
4.1.6 I Involve Myself in My Wife’s Ante-Natal Care
4.1.7 Both Ante-Natal and Post-Natal Care are Joint
Responsibility of Couples
4.1.8 The
Society will frown at it if they find Men Involved in their Wife’s Pregnancy
4.1.9 Men’s
Involvement in Ante-Natal Care Plays a Role in the Psychology of Women and
Delivery Process
4.1.10 My
Job cannot allow me to give Adequate Attention to my Wife’s Pregnancy
4.1.11 My Job prevented me from Assisting my Wife
during Pregnancy
4.1.12 Things
are changing and Men Should Change Along by giving their wives the Support
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
The ability to provide special care
for women during pregnancy trough social or public health care or services was
a relatively late development in modern obstetrics. In the contemporary medical
sociology, there’s a clamour for increasing recognition of men’s attitudes and
behaviours to their partner’s pregnancy to influence the outcome of pregnancy
and the couple’s risk of HIV/STDCI as crucial important project. Within sexual
and reproduction health. During the 80’s there was a tacit, if gradual,
recognition with health promotion that men were an important factor in the
health of women and socialization process of children.
Picking
from the world summit for children in (1990) the role of men in ante-natal
clinic (ANC) services play faster couple communication and HIV prevention
behaviours among pregnant women and gives focus of an intervention. Men’s participation
in ante-natal provides an opportunity to supply information on birth spacing,
which is recognized as an important factor in improving in front several.
Better
understanding of fetal growth and development and its’ relationship to the
mother’s health has resulted in increased attention to the potential of
ante-natal care as an intervention to improve both material and newborn health.
tetanud immunization during pregnancy can be life-saving for both mother and
infact when supply the information during development of the pregnancy. The
prevention and treatment of malaria among pregnant women, management of aneamia
during pregnancy and treatment of STD’s can significantly improve total
outcomes and improve maternal health. It therefore assented that address
outcome as of such as birth weight can be reduced trough a compilation of
intervention to improve women’s nutritional status and present infections
(malaria STD(I)s) during pregnancy. More recently, the potential of men in the
ante-natal period is an entry point of HIV prevention and care, in particular
for prevention of HIV transmission from mother to child has led to renewed
interest in process to and use of ante-natal care services. There is now broad
agreement that the focus of men in ante-natal care interventions should be on
improving material health; this being both as end in itself and necessary of
improving the health and survival of infacts.
Baylies,
C and Bujra J. (2000) asserted that there is a potential of care of men during
the ante-natal period to improve a range of health outcomes for women and
children, the world summit for children in 1990 adopted ante-natal care as a specific
goal, namely “access by all pregnant women to prenatal care, trained
attendants. During children birth and referral facilities for high risk
pregnancies and obstetric emergencies similar aims have been voiced in other
major inter-national care, including the international conference on population
and development in 1994, the fourth world conference on women in 1995, their
five-year follow-up evaluations of process, and the United Nations General Assembly
special session on children in 2002.
1.2 STATEMENT
OF THE PROBLEM
Many elements of ante-natal care, such
as routine monitoring of height and weight gain, have not been shown to have
any impact in reducing the risk of senor complication and material deaths
despite men’s involvement in ante-natal care. The risk approach, adopted as a
way of identifying which women are most shown to have only limited
effectiveness: most women who go on to develop life threatening complications
had no apparent risk factors; those identified as being at risk generally end
up with uneventful deliveries. Other ante-natal interventions, such as
detection and treatment of anemia ad the management of sexually transmitted
diseases or infection (STD(I)s), offer improvements in health without
necessarily any equivalent reduction in the risk of material death (Smith,
1998) Men not only acted as gatekeeper restricting women and children’s access
to health services nut also through abuse or neglect, men’s actions had direct
bearing on the health of their partners and their children (Gallen et al,
1986).
The
reality is that despite the considerable rhetoric surrounding men’s involvement,
men are still seldom targeted and there are very few evaluations of
intervention in sexual and reproductive
health that address issues from a focal point of maxulinity, or coin an
understanding of men’s needs. The involvement of men in ante-natal care and its
corresponding effect on women reproductive health.
1.3
SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
An
investigation into men’s involvement in ante-natal care cannot be
over-emphasized considering his centrality to family union, good health of
children among others. Men’s involvement in ante-natal care symbolizes bond
within the family sub-system while both women and men agreed upon the
importance of providing financial support for baby, women’s definition of male
involvement in ante-natal included other issues related to marital stability.
This
study will be beneficial to married men and women, single people, health
practitioners and the government. Nonetheless, three are potential benefits to
be had from some of the elements of ante-natal care, and these benefits maybe
most significant in developing countries where mobility an mortality levels
among reproductive-age women are high. The ante-natal period form men support clearly
present s opportunities for reaching pregnant women with a number of interventions
that may be vital to their health and well-being and that of their infants. The
ante-natal period is used to inform women and families about danger signs and
symptoms and about the risks of labour and delivery, it may provide the route
for ensuring that pregnant women do, in practice, deliver with the assistance
of a skilled health care provider.
With
the improved understanding on ante-natal care a refocusing of materials health
programmes towards ensuring that women have access to care during the critical
period around labour and delivery – which is when most deaths occur – coupled
with referral for the management of obstetric emergencies. Thus safe motherhood
programmes tend to patronize the need for ante-natal care in developing
countries.
1.4 OBJECTIVE
OF THE STUDY
The
primary aim of this study is to investigate men’s involvement in ante-natal
care. The following supporting objectives will be examined
(1) To
emphasize the area of intervention of men in ante-natal care
(2) To
examine men’s involvement in post-natal care
(3) To
examine the men attitude to women reproductive health
(4) To
make appropriate recommendation for effective way of involving men in women
reproductive health
(5) To
evaluate the supportive roles of men in preaed post natal
1.5 RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
At
the end of this research work, the following questions would have been
answered.
(1) What is the rational behind ante-natal
care?
(2) Do
men reconsider ante-natal care as their responsibility?
(3) What
are the health and social implication for (if any) of men involvement in
ante-natal care?
(4) What
measure could be adopted to get men involved in ante-natal care?
(5) What
factors preventing men from getting involved in ante-natal care?
1.6 SCOPE
OF THE STUDY
This
study will be limited to Ikeja Local Government in Lagos State where a cross
section in ante-natal men will be sample on their involvement researcher that
the outcome of this study will be a representation of other state in the country.
1.7 OPERATIONAL
DEFINITON OF TERMS
Some
concepts are explained to make the work accessible to those whoa re not
necessary health practitioners’ scholars in medical sociology.
ANTE-NATAL:
the provision of special care for women during pregnancy to facilitate safe and
easy delivery.
POST-NATAL:
The provision of special care of women after women after delivery to monitor
the baby’s health.
OBSTETRCS
9from the Latin word obstare, “to stand by” is the surgical specialty dealing
with the care of women and her offspring during pregnancy, children and the
pureperium (the period shortly after birth) most obstetricians are also
gynecologist.
ANTE-NATAL
DEPRESSION: Is depression that some women feel while they are pregnant.
EMBRYO:
concepts between times of fertilization to 10 weeks of gestation.
FETUS:
from 10 weeks of gestation to time of birth
INFANT:
time of birth to 1 year of age
GESTATIONAL
AGE: time from last menstrual period (LMP) up to present
FIRST
TRIMESTER: Up to 14 weeks of gestation
SECOND
TRIMESTER: 14 to 28 weeks of gestation
THIRD
TRIMESTER: 2 weeks to delivery.
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