TABLE OF
CONTENT
CONTENT
TITLE PAGE
CERTIFICATION
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
ONE
1.0 PREAMBLE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
1.3 SCOPE OF WORK
CHAPTER
TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 FATS AND OILS
2.2.0 COMPONENTS OF MUCUNA SEEDS
2.2.1 NUTRITIONAL PROPERTIES
2.2.2 ANTINUTRITIONAL
PROPERTIES
2.2.3 PHARMACEUTICAL
PROPERTIES
2.3.0 PLANT FATTY ACIDS AND
OIL
2.4.1 RENDERING
2.4.2 PRESSING OR EXPELLING
2.4.3 SOLVENT METHOD
2.4.4. SUPERCRITICAL METHOD
2.4.5 ENZYME METHOD
2.5.0 REACTIONS OF FATS AND
OILS
2.5.1 RANCIDIFICATION
2.5.2 HYDROGENATION
2.6.0 PROPERTIES OF LIPIDS
2.6.1 CHEMICAL INDICES
2.6.2 PHYSICAL INDICES
2.7.0 USES OF FATS AND OIL
2.7.1 FOOD INDUSTRY
2.7.2 FATS IN SOAP AND
DETERGENT INDUSTRY
2.7.3 FATS IN THE COATING
INDUSTRY
2.7.4 FATS IN THE COSMETIC
INDUSTRY
2.7.5 FATS IN PHARMACEUTICAL
INDSUTRY
CHAPTER
THREE
3.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1 SOURCING OF SAMPLES
3.2 PREPARATION OF SAMPLES
3.3 OIL EXTRACTION
3.3.1 DETERMINATION OF
PERCENTAGE OIL YIELD
3.4 DETERMINATION OF
PERCENTAGE MOISTURE
3.5.0 OIL ANALYSIS
3.5.1 DETERMINATION OF
RELATIVE DENSITY
3.5.2 DETERMINATION OF MELTING
TEMPERATURE
3.5.3 DETERMINATION OF IODINE
VALUE
3.5.4 DETERMINATION OF
PEROXIDE VALUE
3.5.5. DETERMINATION OF PH OF
THE OIL
3.5.6 DETERMINATION OF ACID
VALUE
3.5.7 DETERMINATION OF
SAPONIFICATION VALUE
3.5.8 FATTY ACID COMPOSITION
USING TLC
3.5.9 FATTY ACID PROFILE OF
THE OIL USING GLC
CHAPTER
FOUR
4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 RESULTS
4.2 DISCUSSION
4.3 CONCLUSION
APPENDIX
I
APPENDIX
II
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 PREAMBLE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
In our
world today, the geometric increase of the population has raised alarming
concerns on the food security to sustain the teeming population (Sridhar,
2007). The worse hit is developing countries in Africa,
especially Nigeria
that still lacks the capacity to manage food production tasks arising from the
current global warming and other environmental changes. The few food products
usually lack adequate proteins, essential fatty acids and vitamins leading to
the common form of malnutrition in individuals.
Interestingly, unconventional legumes
are promising in terms of nutrition, provisions of food security, agricultural
development and in crop rotation in developing countries (Sridhar, 2007). The
wild legume varieties have different quantities of protein, carbohydrates,
fiber, lipid/fatty acids and minerals.
Mucuna pruriens var.utilis is a
tropical legume of the family Fabaceae and genus Mucuna. Some of its common
names are Agbara (Igbo), Yerepe (Yoruba), Mauritius bean, cow itch, cow hage,
Jackbohne (German). Velvet bean is an annual perennial, herbaceous, vigorous
climbing vine that growso 3-18cm in height. It is indigenous of the tropical
regions especially Africa, India and the West Indies. Its pods are sigmoid, turgid, longitudinally
ribbed and always clustered on the stem and the pods are covered with
reddish-orange hairs that dislodge readily causing intense irritation on the
skin. The pods contain seeds that are black or white (Siddhuraju, 2000; Leslie,
2005; Sridhar, 2007).
The oil contents of Mucuna seed may be
edible and consist of different fatty acid which is a characteristic identify
of most oil seeds. The chemical composition of an oil extract gives a
qualitative identification of such oil in selection of areas while it can be
applied or utilized despite differences in processing and extraction of the oil
(Ofoegbu, - 2006).
The
aim of this work thus is to extract the oil from the white seeds of Mucuna
pruriens var. utilis, characterize it and determine the applicability, based on
the quantities, in industries such beverage, pharmaceutical and/or soap
manufacturing.
1.2
OBJECTIVE
OF STUDY
This
work was inspired by the need to find alternative sources of good oils for
human utilization in industries.
1.3
SCOPE
OF WORK
This
work is intended:
(1) To
determine the percentage of oil content of white seeds of Mucuna pruriens
var.utilis
(2) To determine the moisture contents of the
seeds used
(3) To characterize, by obtaining the
physio-chemical properties of the oil
(4) To
suggest possible industry the oil can be utilized based on the results and the
information provided in literature on oils.
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