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EVALUATION OF RURAL WOMEN MOBILISATION FOR ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT: A STUDY OF FADAMA III PROJECT IN ABIA STATE

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Product Category: Projects

Product Code: 00009672

No of Pages: 161

No of Chapters: 1-5

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ABSTRACT

This study focused on the evaluation of rural women mobilisation for wealth creation with particular reference to Abia State Fadama III Project. The specific objectives were to: describe the socio-economic characteristics of the rural women who participated in Fadama III Project, evaluate the effects of Fadama III Project financing on income generation of rural women, ascertain the impacts of Fadama III Project capacity building on the productivity of the rural women in different programmes, and identify the challenges faced by rural women in wealth creation through Fadama III Project in Abia State. The study adopted survey research design and expo-factor research design. Descriptive statistics; gross margin, profit function and net farm income analysis, Ordinary Least Square Regression and Multiple Regression analysis were used to analyse the study objectives and to test the hypotheses posited. The following were the major findings: Education level of the farmer, farmer family size, farmer farm size, farmer farming experience, contact with extension agents, and farmer corporative membership are the socio-economic characteristics that impacts on the productivity of the farmers. An average rural women under Fadama III Project were able to generate ₦828,000, ₦1, 605,000, ₦3, 285,000 and ₦112,500 in crop production, livestock production, fish production and agro forestry respectively as excess proceed accruing from the Fadama III Project initiative. Fadama III Project Financing with the coefficient regression of (21.791) is significant and positively related to the income generation of rural women in Abia State at 1% level (Sig < .01). Fadama III Project capacity building with the coefficient regression of (1926.509) is significant and positively related to the productivity of the rural women in different programmes at 1% level (Sig < .01). Based on these findings, the study concluded that Fadama III Project leads to the mobilisation and wealth creation among rural women in Abia State. Thus, the following recommendations were outlined: World Bank, the Federal Government of Nigeria and Abia State Government should sustain the project to encourage more wealth creation, reduce rural poverty and boost food security in Nigeria and Abia State in particular. However, based on the project evaluation, the project coordinators need to strengthen the project effectiveness by eliminating and reducing the impediments that militated on the project implementation, viability and participants’ effectiveness and efficiency in wealth creation and in boosting food security.  The need to ensure that capacity building programmes continues to be an integral part of the project as it increase the proficiency, skills and expertise of the rural farmer in adopting and adapting to innovations and improved farming techniques was emphasized.








TABLE OF CONTENTS    

                                                                       

Title Page                                                                                                                                i

Declaration                                                                                                                             ii           

Certification                                                                                                                          iii            

Dedication                                                                                                                               iv

Acknowledgements                                                                                                                v               Table of Contents                                                                                                              vi                 List of Tables                                                                                                                         x

List of Figures                                                                                                                         xi

Abstract                                                                                                                                  xii


CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1               Background of the Study                                                                                                                  1

1.2               Statement of the Problem                                                                                                                3           

1.3               Objectives of the Study                                                                                                       5

1.4               Research Questions                                                                                                                           5

1.5               Research Hypotheses                                                                                                                        6

1.6               Significance of the Study                                                                                                                  6

1.7               Scope of the Study                                                                                                                        8

1.7.1     Limitations of the study                                                                                                                    9

1.8     Operational Definition of Terms                                                                                  10

CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1               Conceptual Review                                                                                                                            13

2.1.1         Concept of women mobilisation                                                                                                     13

2.1.2         Concept of wealth creation                                                                                                             14

2.1.3         Concept of FADAMA                                                                                                            16

2.1.4         Background of FADAMA III programme                                                                           17

2.1.5         FADAMA III design: the challenges of replicating a successful formula

              nationwide                                                                                                                                          18

2.1.6         Fadama III implementation: continued progress despite stretched capacity                            21

2.1.7         Linkage between local government councils (LGCs) Farmers and FADAMA III

              project                                                                                                                                   23

2.1.8         Types of wealth                                                                                                                                  24

2.1.9         Wealth creation and its’ importance in rural economic development                              26

2.1.10     Farmers’ socioeconomic characteristics influencing agricultural productivity       31

2.1.11     Agricultural Productivity and production efficiency                                                      33

2.1.12     Measurement of production efficiency                                                                           35

2.1.13     How wealth can be created in rural communities                                                                       36

2.1.14     Economic development strategies and rural wealth creation                                                   37

2.1.15   Achievement of the Fadama project objectives (Efficacy)                                        43

2.1.16   monitoring and evaluation design, implementation and utilisation of the

            management    information system                                                                             53

2.1.17     Problems militating against the effective mobilisation of women for

              participation in community development                                                                                     55

2.2               Empirical Review                                                                                                                                72

2.3               Summary of Literature Review                                                                                          87

2.4               Gap in Literature Review                                                                                                                  90

2.5               Theoretical Framework                                                                                                       91

2.5.1         Resource Mobilisation Theory                                                                                           91

2.5.1.1    Application of resource mobilisation theory to the present study                                            92        

 

CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1               Research Design                                                                                                                                 94

3.2               Population of the Study                                                                                                      94

3.3               Sources of Data Collection                                                                                                               95

3.4               Sample and Sampling Procedure                                                                                                    95

3.4.1    Sample Size Determination                                                                                        96

3.5               Validity of the Instruments                                                                                                              99

3.6               Reliability of the Instruments                                                                                                          100

3.7               Methods of Data Analysis                                                                                                                101

3.8               Model Specification                                                                                                                           101


CHAPTER 4: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

4.1               Data Presentation                                                                                                                              108

4.2               Socio-Economic Characteristics of the Rural Women who Participated in

              FADAMA III        project in Abia State                                                                                             109

4.3               Effects of Fadama III Project Financing on Income Generation of Rural Women

              in Abia State                                                                                                                                       114

4.4           Impacts of FADAMA III project Capacity Building on the Productivity of

the Rural Women in different Programmes in Abia State                                         117

4.5               Challenges faced by Rural Women in wealth creation through FADAMA III

Project in Abia State                                                                                                                          129

4.6               Hypotheses Testing                                                                                                                           130

4.7               Discussion of Findings                                                                                                         134


CHAPTER 5: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1               Summary of Findings                                                                                                                         139

5.2               Conclusion                                                                                                                                           140

5.3           Recommendations                                                                                                      140

References                                                                                                                                          143

Appendix

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                                                                                             


 

LIST TABLES

 

3.1,      Showing population and sample size distribution of respondents.                                      99       

3.2       Showing coefficient of correlation of the reliability of the research instrument.      100

4.1,      Showing the total number of questionnaires sampled in each local government

            area and the number that were returned.                                                                    109

4.2.1    Showing the Socio-economic Characteristics of the Rural Women Who

            Participated in Fadama III Project in Abia State.                                                       110

4.3.1     Showing the effects of Fadama III project financing on income generation of

              rural women in different programmes in Abia State                                                     114

4.4.1    Showing the ordinary least square regression result on the impacts of

            Fadama III project capacity building on the productivity of the rural

            women in different programmes in Abia State.                                                         118     

4.4.2    Determinants of productivity of non-Fadama III capacity building women

            farmers in Abia State                                                                                                  122

4.4.3    Determinants of productivity of both beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries of

            Fadama III capacity building programme                                                                  124

4.4.4    Estimated of the impact of Fadama III capacity building programme on the

            productivity of woman farmers in Abia State                                                            126

4.4.5    Anova result of the determinants of household productivity for beneficiaries    128

4.5.1    Showing the challenges faced by rural women in wealth creation through

            Fadama III project in Abia State.                                                                               129

4.6.1    Showing multiple regression analysis result on the impact of

            socio-economic characteristics of rural women on their productivity in

            FADAMA III Project in Abia State.                                                                          130 

4.6.2    Showing ordinary least square regression result on the effects of

            Fadama III project financing on income generation of rural women in

Abia State                                                                                                                   132

 






 

 

LIST FIGURES

 

Figure 1.          Services Enjoyed by Fadama User Groups Compared to other Economic User Groups                  51

Figure 2.          Benefits Enjoyed by Fadama User Groups Compared to Other Economic and Welfare Related Groups           52

 

 


 

 

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION


1.1           BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Renewed and emerging consensus from global and continental institutions, policy makers and the society at large showed that rural development, transformation, and rural women mobilisation are essential to pushing the African continent forward (World Bank, 2012), and agriculture plays a focal point in this developmental process, because it is a central source of employment and a catalyst in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), with high propensity in wealth creation and income generation in many African countries including Nigeria (World Bank, 2012). Thus, in objective measures to alleviate poverty among rural Nigerians and also to increase the incomes and productivity of the rural inhabitants as a strategy of meeting up with the millennium development goals (MDGs) of food sufficiency and poverty eradication, the Federal Government of Nigeria through the pooled World Bank loan came up with Fadama projects, to finance the development of Fadama lands by introducing small-scale irrigation in states with Fadama development potentials. The project aimed at ensuring that Fadama facilities in Fadama areas are fully utilised to ensure all year round production of crops and promotion of simple and low cost improved irrigation under a World Bank financing. The success recorded in Fadama I Project led to the establishment of Fadama II and consequently Fadama III Project. The first Fadama Project (Fadama I) focused exclusively on irrigation farming, while both Fadama II and Fadama III Projects are more of agricultural diversification programmes, providing capacity building and financing for the diverse livelihood activities which the beneficiaries themselves identify and design, with appropriate facilitating support. Thus, Fadama III developmental projects is a follow-up to the successful implementation and execution of Fadama II Projects, and the development objective is to sustainably increase the income of Fadama users by about 60 percent.

However, Fadama III Project was equipped with measures to correct the shortcomings of Fadama II Project. One of the key features of the project is to mobilise and empower the communities to collectively decide on how resources are allocated and managed for their livelihood activities and to participate in the design and execution of their sub-projects. It employs community demand-driven approach which emphasised and promotes beneficiaries’ participation and ownership of sub-projects from initiation, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the developmental projects (Innih and Dimelu, 2013). Therefore, Fadama III Project’s main objective is to sustainably increase the incomes of Fadama users, by increasing their incomes, the project would help reduce rural poverty, increase food security and contribute to the achievement of key millennium development goals. Also, the project aimed at directly delivering resources to the beneficiary rural communities, efficiently and effectively, mobilising and empowering them to collectively decide on how resources are allocated and managed for their livelihood activities. Furthermore, the project intends to support the growth of non-oil sectors through the development of productive infrastructure that will enhance agricultural productivity and the diversification of livelihoods. It involves building participating communities’ social capital and their capacity to provide rural services to the poor. The mission proffered a new focus on value chain production to ensure that farmers get improved agronomic practices/skills, improved seeds, fertilizers, agro-chemicals with associated advisory services and irrigation infrastructure among others with adequate measures to avoid post-harvest loss.

Be it as it may, Abia State joined the Fadama III Project when the former governor: Chief T.A. Orji (Ochendu) paid the counterpart contribution, which qualify Abia State to receive the first tranche of money for the project and certified the state ready for the full implementation of the National Fadama III Development Project. The project budgeted to spend $7.8million to enhance the productivity of rural farmers on a sustainable level, thereby creating wealth and improving standard of living. Beneficiaries of the Fadama III Project in Abia State, who are mostly unemployed youths and rural women within 18 years and 35 years of age, received training in various agriculture production value-chain: piggery, poultry, crops, low cost processing and storage, advisory extension and marketing services. Others are fishery, homestead which covers animal production, plant production and human nutrition. At the end of the training, no fewer than 200 trainees were empowered with a grant of not less than N700, 000 each as a start-up pack. To that end, rural women in Abia State were mobilised, empowered and equipped for wealth creation through the Fadama III Project. To improve performance of the project in Abia State and ensure welfare delivery, statutory and independent assessments need to be made with evidences gathered from farmers themselves. Therefore, the study is designed to evaluate the mobilisation of rural women for wealth creation with particular reference to Abia State Fadama III project within the periods under review.


1.2           STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Policy makers and rural development practitioners increasingly recognise that a short-term focus on creating jobs, wealth or increasing income is insufficient to generate sustainable rural development or achieve a long-term reduction in rural poverty especially among women. Thus, rural women have a predicament that is quite appalling, categorised as a homogenous group distinguished only by their gender, they constitute the majority of the poor and illiterate in rural areas of Abia State, Nigeria.  However, they are productive, they participate actively in soil cultivation, agricultural production and agribusiness value chain activities. The National report for 2004 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development indicates that at least 40% of agricultural production activities and 85% of agricultural produce, processing and marketing are performed by rural women. Therefore, the role of rural women in agriculture are not questionable, especially when they are empowered in agrarian environment with Fadama project potentials.

Thus, Fadama III Project in Abia State is considered to be an instrument for technical transformation of agriculture, mobilisation and empowerment of rural women for wealth creation. Fadama III Project through its programmes mobilised, empowered and equipped mostly rural women for wealth creation in agriculture and agro-related activities. As noted in the introduction, unemployed youths and women within 18 years and 35 years in Abia State received training in various agricultural production and value-chain activities, inclusively: piggery, poultry, crops, low cost processing and storage, advisory extension and marketing services among others, and many were giving grant of not less than N700, 000 each as a start-up pack. Accordingly, they were mobilised and equipped for wealth creation, income generation and improved standard of living. However, with the successful implementation and completion of Fadama III Project, there is need to weigh the pros and cons of the project, by determining the impact of the project on the mobilisation, and income generation of rural women in the state. It is also important to evaluate the efficacy of the project on income generation and productivity of rural women against the project’s developmental objective (PDO) of increasing the income of Fadama users by about 60 percent, in order to make useful recommendations for policy decisions on the viability and sustainability of the project, or otherwise. To that end, the study: Evaluation of rural women mobilisation for wealth creation, with particular reference to Fadama III Project in Abia State within the periods under review were initiated.


1.3        OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The broad objective of the study is to evaluate the mobilisation of rural women for wealth creation with particular reference to Abia State Fadama III Project. The specific objectives of the study are to:

      i.         Describe the socio-economic characteristics of the rural women who participated in Fadama III Project in Abia State.

     ii.         Evaluate the effects of Fadama III Project financing (input giving) on income generation (output received) of rural women in Abia State.

   iii.         Ascertain the impacts of Fadama III Project capacity building (Training in crop production, livestock production, fish production) on the productivity of the rural women in their different sub- projects in Abia State.

   iv.         Identify the challenges faced by rural women in wealth creation through Fadama III Project in Abia State.


1.4        RESEARCH QUESTIONS

The following research questions were answered by this research:

      i.         What are the socio-economic characteristics of the rural women that participated in Fadama III Project in Abia State?

     ii.         What are the effects of Fadama III Project financing (input giving) on income generation (output received) of rural women in Abia State?

   iii.         What are the impacts of Fadama III Project capacity building (training crops production, livestock production, fish production etcetera) on the productivity of the rural women in different programmes (crop production, livestock production, etcetera) in Abia State?

   iv.         What are the challenges faced by rural women in wealth creation through Fadama III Project in Abia State.?


1.5        RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

The following hypotheses posited were tested in null form:

HO1: The socio-economic characteristics of the rural women that participated in Fadama III Project in Abia State does not have any significant impact on their productivity.

HO2: Fadama III Project financing (input giving) does not have any significant effect on income generation (output received) of rural women in Abia State.

HO3: Fadama III Project capacity building (training on crops production, livestock production, fish production etcetera) has no significant impact on the productivity of rural women in different programmes (crops production, livestock production, etcetera) in Abia State.


1.6        SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The findings of this study will be of great significance to the coordinators of Fadama III Project (World Bank, the Federal Government of Nigeria and Abia State Government). The study findings will help them to know the extent the project accomplished its set objective (sustainable increase in the incomes of Fadama users, reduction in rural poverty, increase in food security, support the growth of non-oil sectors through the development of productive infrastructure that will enhance agricultural productivity, and ensuring that farmers adopt the best agronomic practices/skills, improved seeds, fertilizers, agro-chemicals with associated advisory services and irrigation infrastructure) especially in Abia State. The findings of the study will also illuminate on the challenges that Fadama III Project participants encountered in implementing the skills learnt and in the pursuance of the project objectives. It will also provide a clear understanding of the concept of women mobilization, empowerment and proves useful in providing information that will be helpful in designing programmes and interventions that are gender responsive, while addressing the felt needs and aspirations of women in rural areas.

In addition this study will also be a useful tool to Fadama coordinators and policy makers on the viability and sustainability of the project. Government and Non-governmental organisations will also find it useful in designing projects and programmes that targets to the mobilisation and empowerment of rural women for wealth creation, poverty eradication and food security. The study findings will improve the database of Fadama development programmes and provide the necessary information on rural women beneficiary in the different programmes of Fadama III Project in Abia State with a view to improving and modifying the programme design, planning and implementation strategies, thus accelerating the achievement of the set objectives of the programme. Specifically, the study findings will be of utmost important to Abia State Ministry of Agriculture on how to revamp the ministry, sustain agro-food production and wealth creation among rural woman farmers in particular, and totality of farmers in general.

Furthermore, the general public will benefit from the study findings, it will acquaint them with the objectives of Fadama Projects, and its impact in rural poverty reduction, increase in food security, agro-food production, and ensuring that farmers adopt the best agronomic practices/skills, improved seeds, fertilizers, agro-chemicals to facilitate farming and improve food production. The study findings and recommendations will help to improve the effectiveness and efficacy of subsequent Fadama Projects and other similar projects design by government or non-governmental organisations, which will improve the quantity and quality of available agricultural produce which will increase food security to the benefit of the general public. More so, the study will add to the available scholarly materials on the subject matter, which will serve as a relevant tool for students and potential researchers to further their research interest.


1.7        SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study evaluated the mobilisation of rural women for wealth creation with particular reference to Abia State Fadama III Project within the period of study.

1.7.1      Unit scope

The study were conducted in selected Local Government Areas (Aba South, Isiala Ngwa North, Isiala Ngwa South, Isuikwuato, Obingwa, Ohafia, Osisioma, Ugwunagbo, Umuahia North, and Umuahia South Local Government Area) of Abia State, representing the three (3) senatorial zones (Abia North, Abia South and Abia Central Senatorial Zones) in Abia State. The selected Local Government Areas are mostly the agrarian areas with Fadama potential in Abia State and majority of the Fadama Project III participants are from the selected Local Government Areas. In these selected Local Government Areas, rural women who participated in the Fadama III Project form the unit scope of the study. 

1.7.2      Content scope

The study focused its interest to evaluating the mobilisation of rural women for wealth creation with particular reference to Abia State Fadama III Project. The study were interested on the effects of Fadama III Project financing, capacity building on income generation and productivity of rural women in Abia State.

1.7.3      Geographical scope

Geographically, the study will be conducted in selected Local Government Area of Abia State. Abia State was carved out of the name Abia is an abbreviation of four of the state’s densely populated regions Aba, Bende, Isuikwuato and Afikpo. It is one of the thirty-six (36) states that constitute the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Abia people are of the Igbo ethnic group who predominates much of the south-eastern part of Nigeria. Their traditional language is Igbo. English is widely spoken and serves as the official language in governance and business. Abia is 2.4m people and are mainly Christians. Abia state consists of seventeen (17) Local Government Areas. They are: Aba north, Aba south, Arochukwu, Bende, Ikwuano, IsialaNgwa North, IsialaNgwa South, Isuikwuato, Obingwa, Ohafia, Osisioma, Ugwunagbo, Ukwa-East, Ukwa-West, Umuahia North, Umuahia South, Umunneochi.

Abia State, which occupies about 5,834 square kilometers. The southern part of the state lies within the riverine part of Nigeria. It is low-lying tropical rain forest with some oil-palm bush. The southern portion gets heavy rainfall of about 2,400 millimetres (941n) per year especially intense between the months of April through October. The rest of the state is moderately high plain and wooded savannah. Crude oil and gas production is also a prominent activity, as it contributes to 39% of the GDP. The manufacturing sector only account for 2% of the GDP. Agriculture, which employs 70% of the second economic sector of Abia with its adequate seasonal rainfall, Abia has much arable land that produces yam, maize, potatoes, rice, cashews, plantains, okaro and cassava.

 

1.8          LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The study limitations are enormous and can be classified into two folds namely: respondents’ apathy/indifference and researcher’s difficulties. Majorly, isolating participants of Fadama III Projects from the ten (10) selected Local Government Areas (Aba South, Isiala Ngwa North, Isiala Ngwa South, Isuikwuato, Obingwa, Ohafia, Osisioma Ngwa, Ugwunagbo, Umuahia North, and Umuahia South Local Government Area) were very arduous for the researcher. On the part of the respondents, most of the respondents were bias, they felt as if they are being subjected to scrutiny, or tax evaluation in order to half their proceeds. They see the researcher as an agent of government, despite formal introduction on the purpose of visitation. Many were very reluctant to participate in the study, and some vocally decline interest to participate in the study. In many homes the researcher were greeted with apathy. Furthermore, the stress and risk associated with travelling to these selected local government areas, identifying the homes of Fadama Project III participants, sampling and retrieving the questionnaire were overwhelming. Furthermore, obtaining secondary data from the state Fadama coordinating office in Umuahia were difficult. However, despite these notable challenges, the researcher were very resilient, focused and was able to overcome the challenges in order to successfully complete the study.    


1.9           DEFINITION OF TERMS

Operational

The following are the operational definition of terms as used in the study:

Capacity building: Capacity building is the process of developing and strengthening the skills, instincts, abilities, processes and resources that communities need to survive, adapt, and thrive in the fast-changing world. It is the process by which individuals obtain, improve, and retain the skills, knowledge, tools, equipment and other resources needed to do their jobs competently or to a greater capacity. For Fadama III Project, the capacity building centers on training in various agricultural production and value-chain activities like: piggery, poultry, crops, low cost processing and storage, extension, advisory and marketing services etcetera.

Fadama: Fadama is a Housa name for irrigable land, flood plains and low-lying area underlined by shallow aquifers and found along Nigeria‘s river systems. It also refers to a seasonally flooded area used for farming during the dry season. It is defined as alluvial, lowland formed by erosional and depositional actions of the rivers.

Financing: Financing the act of providing money for a project, the act of obtaining or furnishing money or capital towards the achievement of a designed programme. It is also the process of providing funds for business activities, making purchases or investing. The Fadama III Project were financed by World Bank (IDA Credit), the Federal Government of Nigeria and Abia State Government.

Income generation: Income generation deals with how to create (generate) wealth (income) among participating community members. The process by which individuals or groups in different Fadama III programmes sells or markets their produce to increase income.

Mobilisation: Mobilisation is a process of bringing people together to pursue common interests by creating a sense of unity, ownership and self-control. It is the process of getting people to overcome their differences, to begin a dialogue on an equal basis to determine issues that affect them within the community.

Productivity: Productivity is the effectiveness of productive effort in the Fadama III Programmes, as measured in terms of the rate of output per unit of input. Productivity measure the efficiency of individuals or groups in different Fadama III programmes to convert inputs into useful outputs. Productivity is computed by dividing average output per period by the total costs incurred or resources (capital, energy, material, personnel) consumed in that period. Productivity also connotes the rate of output per unit of labour, capital or equipment (input).

Rural women: Rural women are women who live in remote villages, who basically cultivate the land (Agriculture) as a source of livelihood.

Wealth creation: Wealth creation is the combination of materials, labour, land and technology in such a way as to capture profit and not financial wealth. It is also an income generation activities or more broadly as creation of assets, both in terms of physical, economical and human capital.



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    2 months ago

    Very good 👍👍

  • Anonymous

    2 months ago

    Honestly, the material is top notch and precise. I love the work and I'll recommend project shelve anyday anytime

  • Anonymous

    2 months ago

    Well and quickly delivered

  • Anonymous

    2 months ago

    I am thoroughly impressed with Projectshelve.com! The project material was of outstanding quality, well-researched, and highly detailed. What amazed me most was their instant delivery to both my email and WhatsApp, ensuring I got what I needed immediately. Highly reliable and professional—I'll definitely recommend them to anyone seeking quality project materials!

  • Anonymous

    2 months ago

    Its amazing transacting with Projectshelve. They are sincere, got material delivered within few minutes in my email and whatsApp.

  • TJ

    4 months ago

    ProjectShelve is highly reliable. Got the project delivered instantly after payment. Quality of the work.also excellent. Thank you