EFFECTS OF YOUTH RESTIVENESS ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN OSHIMILI NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT, DELTA STATE.
ABSTRACT
This research work conducted in Oshimili North Local Government Delta State the work explored the effects of youth restiveness on sustainable development in Oshimili north local government Delta State. To guide the study, three hypothesis was formulated, the instrument used for collection of data was the questionnaire which was administered to sample population of 132 youths randomly. The hypothesis were tested using the pearson moment correlation coefficient method. Findings of this study indicated that there is a significant relationship between youths and sustainable development, causes of youth restiveness and sustainable development, consequences of youth restiveness and sustainable development. In view of this study recommendations were made and suggestions or further study was also made.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE - - - - - - - ii
DECLARATION - - - - - - - - iii
CERTIFICATION - - - - - - - - iv
DEDICATION - - - - - - - - v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS - - - - - - vi
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study - - - - - 1
1.2 Statement of Problem - - - - - - 8
1.3 Objective of the Study - - - - - - 10
1.4 Research Questions- - - - - - - 11
1.5 Statement of the Hypothesis - - - - - 12
1.6 Significance of Study - - - - - - 13
1.7 Scope of the Study - - - - - - 14
1.8 Definition of Key Terms - - - - - 15
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction - - - - - - - - 18
2.2 Conceptual Framework - - - - - - 33
2.3 Theoretical Framework - - - - - - 45
2.4 Empirical Review - - - - - - - 50
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design - - - - - - 56
3.2 Population of the Study - - - - - - 57
3.3 Sample Size - - - - - - - - 57
3.4Sampling Technique - - - - - - 58
3.5 Method of Data Collection - - - - - 58
3.6 Technique for Data Analysis - - - - - 59
3.7 Model Specification and Variable Definition - - 59
3.8 Measurement of Variables - - - - - 59
CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA
4.1 Presentation of Data - - - - - - 60
4.2 Discussion of Findings - - - - - - 79
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary - - - - - - - - 80
5.2 Conclusion - - - - - - - 80
5.3 Recommendations - - - - - - - 93
References - - - - - - - - 95
Appendix - - - - - - - - 98
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Nigeria is one of the poorest countries in the world despite the fact that June 10 2006 marked 50years of oil exploration and production, during the period, over N400 billion accured to the Nigeria state in terms of revenue the question than is how much of this revenue found its way into the region where this oil is produced in the way of investment in infrastructure or the development of human capital. Such economic growth is yet to translate to economic development and an appreciable increase in the standard of living of the Nigerian masses.
The increasing marginalization, environmental degradation discontent with the multinational companies pervasive poverty, perceived insensitivity on the part of the state and failure of the state of ameliorate the suffering of the people have pushed the inhabitants of the region particularly the youths the edge, the drift to violence has unleashed a monster that is now breathing down the necks of everyone irrespective of who they are sustainable development which connotes and equitable and balanced approach to development presupposes the balancing of the interests of different groups of people within e same generation (intra-generational) and amongs generations (inter-generational). Arguably, the most critical problem to sustainable development is poverty eradication which is not only multidimensional, it is also a menances to peace and sustainability across the globe; this is because poverty like wise both asymmetric to development and inherently destructive to all economic, social and environmental goals that are germane to and constitute the cornerstone of sustainable development. The environment thus encompasses development of tent house, connoting the surrounding which is the total planetary inheritance and totality of all resources (Karpagam, 2006). It is also including the natural resources both biotic and abiotic covering not only the man-made landscapes, buildings and object which form part of man’s natural heritages (Thorton and Beckwith, 1997).
Apparently, the source of this explosion in youth population can be traced to the so called oil boom of the 70’s during which period our people began to bring forth offsprings recklessly with the perception that everything will continue to be rosy and that things were never going to be bad, thus is partly why we have the challenge of providing infrastructure and social services that woud have to meet this population yet our economy does not seem to be meeting these challenges. In this population of youths, we have a small group of them that have access to formal education and therefore possess no marketable skills. The term restiveness is region based ranging from individuals societal factors. The causes continue to widen through every day just as the sophistication of the means through which the perpetuators thrivers this condemnable act appear to be ever changing.
However, there appears to be a general consensus that youths tends to resort to restiveness because they want a piece of the action, they want to rebel and want to express exuberance apparently, issues relating to the youths are treated with levity and laxity. Thus there has never been a strong will to empower them in terms of their capacity building as defined by (Eade and Williams, 1997). Therefore since the rationale behind youth empowerment programmes which is the creation of institutions that will provide a solid economic social base, an effective efficient and sound administrative and legal frame work and a stable political environment based on equality, peace and stability, hence it is of great significance to solicit the full attention of any democratic government to give full and maximum priority to sustainable development in terms of empowering the youth by restive means.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Youths in Nigeria have over the years posed a great challenges given the high level of poverty, unemployment, dependency illiteracy deteriorating health facilities/conditions, ethnics inclination, hunger, diseases, moral decadence, and very poor standard of living. Thousand of Nigerian youths have left and are still leavin the country in search of a both living condition instead of staying to contributes positively to the socio-economic development due to the present condition of denying them participation in the political as well as development process.
Indeed there is a near dicey situation in our hands as far as the youth in conceived. This study seeks to find out the effects of youth restiveness on sustainable development in Oshimili north local government.
1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. What relationship exists between youths and sustainable development?
2. What relationship exist between environmental degradation and sustainable development?
3. Are environmental degradation, insecurity, violence, unfriendly investment society, effects on sustainable development?
4. Are bad leadership, poverty, unemployment, injustice, marginalization, youth exuberance, causes of youth restiveness?
5. What are the consequences of youth restiveness on sustainable development?
1.4 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
For the purpose of this work, the following research hypothesis were tested:
1. There is no significant relationship between youths and sustainable development.
2. There is no significant relationship between the causes of youth restiveness and sustainable development.
3. There is no significant relationship between the consequences of youth restiveness and sustainable development.
1.5 PURPOSE OF THE STUD
The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of youth restiveness with regards to the environment as its backbone of foundation on sustainable development in Oshimili north local government area of Delta State.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study tends to emphasize on the vitality of youths to the development process which can not be over emphasized stating the needs of government to re-invent new strategies aimed at emancipating the youths of Oshimili north local government area of Delta State as well as the generality of youths in question from the strangle how of poverty manifested by the prevalence of the unemployed drug addicts juvenile delinquency, child labour and so on. It is also of importance that in tackling the problem of these youths the government should place priority on child educational, creating of employment, provision of recreational facilities, sports and so on.
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of this study is to investigate the large army of unemployed youth as regards to the destruction of productive lives, potentials, future as well as the social fabrics of the society and its effects on sustainable development in Oshimili north local government area of Delta State.
1.8 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This study did not make a comparative analysis on youths regarding sustainable development, as the level of sustainable development could be a function of many factors. This study therefore will only touch a few of such factors to the sustainable of development in Oshimili north.
1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Sustainability:
The replacing of the economy market with tap down ambitions.
Sustainable Development:
A positive change in the society, it connotes progress or improvement in a given so diety of a particular period of time.
Youth:
Heroes of nationalist movement. Militant wiring of the anticolonial struggle. They are classified as persons between 6-30 years and this age constituents about 59% of the nation’s population, with those between 15-30years representing 47% of the of the productive population the nation.
Environment:
The planetary totality of inheritance and totality of all resources both biotic and abiotic. It is by statute the induction of air, water, land, plants, human beings and animals therein and the interrelationship which exist amongst them (Fe pA 2004:10), (Ajomo, 1980:4).
Positive Change:
The alteration of the existing status – quo. A sustainable increase in per-capital income coupled with the availability of social and economic infrastructures, provision of basic amenities which are equitably distributed.
Sustainable development is about control, control of life and property. It meets the need of the present without compromising the ability of the future.
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