Abstract
This
study evaluated the effects of the use of instructional materials in the
teaching and learning of computer in the junior secondary schools of Ebonyi State.
The study also examined the effect of instructional materials and gender on
students’ academic achievement in computer studies. The performance of students
taught with instructional materials was compared with those of students taught
with conventional teaching method. In order to carry out the study effectively,
three research questions were asked and tested. Many related literature were
reviewed. The sample for the study consisted of 100 secondary school students. The
population of the study consists of all the junior secondary school in Ebonyi
state of the total of 223, using the JSS1 student of about 19,250. The
researcher constructed the test items, which were then face validated by Experts; one in computer education and the
other in measurement and evaluation after which it was administered to the
students. Computer studies achievement test (CSAT) was used to collect data for
the study. The data obtained were analyzed. Mean and standard deviation were
used to answer the research question. The analysis indicated that instructional
materials had significant effects on students’ cognitive achievement in
computer. Gender was a significant factor in the students’ overall cognitive
achievement in computer. Thus, it is recommended to use instructional materials
in the teaching and learning of computer, state governments or their ministries
of Education and professional associations should organize workshops, seminars
and conferences to train the serving teachers on the use of instructional
materials technique. Finally, the limitation of study and suggestion for
further studies were highlighted.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
Title i
Approval ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract vi
Table of Contents vii
List of Tables ix
CHAPTER ONE 1
INTRODUCTION 1
Background to the
Study 1
Statement of the
Problem 4
Purpose of the
Study 5
Significance of the
Study 5
Scope of the Study 6
Research Questions 6
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 7
Conceptual
Framework 7
The Need for
Computer Education in Nigeria Secondary Schools 10
The use of
Instructional Materials 18
Theoretical
Framework 20
Review of Related
Empirical Studies 22
Summary of Related
Literature Review 22
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 24
Design of the Study 24
Area of the Study 24
Population of the
Study 25
Sample and Sampling
Technique 25
Instrument for Data
Collection 26
Validity of the
Instrument 27
Reliability of the
Instrument 27
Experimental
Procedure 27
Control of
Extraneous Variables 28
Method of Data
Collection 29
Method of Data
Analysis 29
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS 30
Summary of Findings 32
CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION OF
FINDINGS, EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS,
LIMITATIONS, SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER STUDIES, SUMMARY OF THE
STUDY AND CONCLUSION 33
Discussion of
Findings 33
Effects of
Instructional Materials on Teaching and Learning 33
Educational
Implications 35
Recommendations 36
Limitations of the
Study 37
Suggestions for
Further Study 37
Summary of the
Study 38
Conclusion 40
REFERENCE 42
APPENDICES 45
LIST
OF TABLES
Table 1: Mean achievement scores of students of the students taught
using instructional
materials and those taught without instructional materials. 30
Table 2: Mean achievement scores of male and female students taught in
the experimental group 31
Table 3: Effect of interaction between treatment and gender on
students’ achievements. 31
Attainment of
any teaching and learning objectives involves both human resources and
materials resources and factors, that is, the teacher who is the enforcer of
the subject content and the availability of both convectional materials and
improvised materials, otherwise known as instructional materials. These factors
must be in place to ensure attained educational objective, instructional
materials are said to be all those materials needed in the classroom to be used
by the teacher for the purse of facilitating teaching and learning. According
to Kay (2008), instructional materials stimulate the students’ desire to learn,
and assist learning process by making assimilations and memorizing of the
learned topic easy for students.
Agun
(2008) refers to them as learning materials, the proper use which helps
learners to learn faster and better. Offering computer studies, the computer
itself serves as an instructional material because the subject is more of
concrete object that can be seen and touched by both the teacher and learners
(Ituma, 2010).
According to
Benson (2011) instructional materials are materials or tools locally made or
imported that could make tremendous impact if intelligently used. In most cases
learner have the difficulty in understanding some certain concepts as a result
of their cognitive operation and ability, hence the need for teachers to employ
materials and methods that will facilitate students’ understanding of the
concepts as in the case of computer studies is appreciated. It is against this
background that (Nwuba2016) cited jean Piaget who postulated human beings to be
classified along sensory motor, pre-operational, concrete and abstract
cognitive level.
In a real
sense, a teacher is someone who combines materials and interprets concepts in
other to have desired change or outcome in the learners. The role of a teacher
is often formal and ongoing carried out by way of occupation or profession at
school or other formal settings.
Education has instrumentally impacted positively to the survival of the
society at large, this sole reason is why modifications are required in the
educational field in other to induce and facilitate teaching and learning and
also meet up with latest changes and trends.
Education of yester years relied on few or no instructional materials in
trying to impact knowledge in learners, their assumptions were that knowledge
can be forced on student regardless of the individual differences that is found
in the classroom. (Obanya2013)
The subject
computer studies was introduced into the secondary school curriculum to develop
and input in learners the right knowledge and skills about computer and also to
empower the youth through entrepreneurships since computer centers are current
moving trend in the society (Adebayo, 2013).
According to
Abu (2004), the importance of computer device in our society cannot be
over-emphasized and that is the reason why the teaching of the computer studies
should not be toyed with and should be handled with proper instructional
materials. Instructional material is a major determinant that controls the pace
of teaching and learning in the classrooms. Okereke (2009) stressed that many
school in the state level cannot boast of instructional materials and contend
that every government should make education a top priority to help improve the
standard of education by providing instructional materials. Instructional
material is an aid of teaching and learning. It helps to raise learning from
verbalization to practical aspect of teaching and learning. Instructional
materials make teaching and learning interesting, easy and amusing. They make
learning effective.
Otu ( 2007 )
stressed out that the computer studies is a "tool"; it is real and
should be treated as such, the inability to produce the right teaching
instructional materials poses a big threat in students’ academic achievements
and performance in the subject. For computer studies to be learned properly,
there must be a computer device, due to the fact that the subject presents a
level of abstract concepts that need to be visualized by student so as to
induce their understanding and to remedy the issue of individual differences.
Therefore for
the effective understanding of the subject matter in computer studies and for
students to achieve better in computer studies, there is great need to examine
the effects of instructional materials on teaching and learning of computer
studies with the aim of stimulating the interest of the students.
The junior
secondary school is the first part of the secondary school level of education
according to the national policy on education (NPOE 2004), which means that
proper attention is needed to ensure that students perform well academically,
this may not be possible without the application of instructional materials in
the classroom. The teachers’ level of resourcefulness, creativity and
imagination is credited to the achievement of quality of education. These are
expressed on how well the teacher is able to perceive, create, use important
information that can enhance and promote effective teaching and learning
activities.
Instructional materials are major determining
variables that control the pace of learning. It has to do with the creation of
environment in which students can develop the full potentials and lead
productive lives in accordance to the demands of their interest, either as
individuals or as group within the society.
The Nigerian
government, at all levels over the years placed enormous emphasis on
instructional materials in shaping efforts as strategies aimed at improving
students’ standard of learning in the country but both theoretical and
empirical literature failed to capture the real factors as to why the standard
of education in the country still remain very low. Therefore, the
question to be answered by this study is: what are the effects of instructional
materials on teaching and learning of computer studies in Ebonyi State
secondary school system
The main
purpose of the study was to ascertain the effects of
instructional materials on teaching and learning of computer studies in Ebonyi State.
Specifically, the study sought to:
i.
Examine
the effects of instructional materials on students’ achievements in computer
studies in junior secondary school of Ebonyi state.
ii.
Examine
the effects of instructional materials on the achievements of male and female
students in computer studies in junior secondary school of Ebonyi state.
iii.
Examine
the interaction effects of treatment and gender on students’ achievements in
computer studies in junior secondary school of Ebonyi state.
This study
will be of immense benefit to the computer studies teachers, students,
curriculum planners and the Ebonyi
State ministry of
education.
The result of
this study will unveil to teachers the importance of instructional materials in
the classroom and make them appreciate and begin to use them for their
instructions.
The findings
of this study will serve as a reference document to groups and learners when
conducting research on the effects of instructional materials in computer
studies.
And also, the
findings of this study will help curriculum planners to attach great importance
to instructional materials and also make them to be conscious of integrating
instructional aids and theoretical frameworks in curriculum developments.
This study
will also play a vital role as source of information to the government of Ebonyi State
that inability to provide adequate instructional materials in the subject is
leading to the failure of the attainment of instructional aims and objectives.
The study
focuses on the effects of instructional materials in teaching and learning of
computer studies in junior secondary schools in Ebonyi state. It also
encompasses both private and public junior secondary schools in Ebonyi state.
The following
questions were designed to guide the study:
1)
What is the difference between the achievements of students taught with
instructional materials and the students taught without instructional
materials?
2) What is the difference between the
achievements of male and female students taught with instructional materials?
3) What is the effect of interaction
between treatment and gender on students’ achievements in Computer Studies?
Buyers has the right to create
dispute within seven (7) days of purchase for 100% refund request when
you experience issue with the file received.
Dispute can only be created when
you receive a corrupt file, a wrong file or irregularities in the table of
contents and content of the file you received.
ProjectShelve.com shall either
provide the appropriate file within 48hrs or
send refund excluding your bank transaction charges. Term and
Conditions are applied.
Buyers are expected to confirm
that the material you are paying for is available on our website
ProjectShelve.com and you have selected the right material, you have also gone
through the preliminary pages and it interests you before payment. DO NOT MAKE
BANK PAYMENT IF YOUR TOPIC IS NOT ON THE WEBSITE.
In case of payment for a
material not available on ProjectShelve.com, the management of
ProjectShelve.com has the right to keep your money until you send a topic that
is available on our website within 48 hours.
You cannot change topic after
receiving material of the topic you ordered and paid for.
Login To Comment