TABLE OF
CONTENT
PAGES
Title page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Table of content vi-vii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background
of the study 1-5
1.2
Statement
of the problem 5-9
1.3
Objectives
of the study 10
1.4
Research
questions 10-11
1.5
Research
Hypothesis 11
1.6
Significance
of the study 11-12
1.7
Scope
and limitation of the study 12
1.8
Definition
of terms 12-13
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW/THEORETICAL
FRAMEWORK
2.1
Introduction 14
2.2
Concept
Strike 14-17
2.3
Types
of Strike 17-20
2.4
Incidence
of strike Activities 20-21
2.5
Implication
of Strike in Nation Building 21-22
2.6
The
Effect of Strike on Educational Institution 23
2.7
Remote
Causes of the government Conflicts 24-26
2.8
Cause
of strike Action Through funding 27
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1
Research
Methodology 28
3.2
Research
Design 28
3.3
Population
of the study 28
3.4
Sample
and sampling Techniques 29
3.5
Method
of Data Collection 29
3.6
Method
of Data Analysis and Interpretation 30
CHAPTER FOUR: Data Presentation Analysis Interpretation
4.1
Introduction 31-51
4.2
Summary
of Responses to questionnaire Section 52-54
4.3
Hypotheses
Testing 55-56
4.4
Discussion
of Finding 57-59
CHAPTER FIVE Summary, Conclusion
and Recommendations
5.1
Summary 60-61
5.2
Conclusion 61
Recommendations 62-63
Bibliography 64-65
Questionnaire 66-69
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Strike
defined by the Webster’s dictionary as an organization refusal to work by
employees of an organization e.t.c because of a disagreement e.g pay or
condition. Strike can be defined as temporary stoppage of work in the pursuance
of grievance of demand. According to
law 184, strike can be defined as they lessation of work by a body of person
employed and acting in combination or collected refusal or a refusal under a
common understanding of any number of person employed to continue to work for
an employer in consequence of a dispute, done as a means of completing their
employer or any person or body or person employed, or to any person or anybody of employed to accept terms of
employment of and physical condition of work
“The
key elements in the definition are
-
Lessation of work “which simply means
deliberately working at less than usual speed or with les than usual
efficiency. And.
-
Refusal to continue to work’ includes a
refusal to work of usual efficiency
FUNTUWA
(1979) defined education as the aggregate of all the processes by which a child
or adult develops their ability, attitudes and other forms of behaviors which
are of positive value to the society.
Spencer
(1963) asserts that education has for his object the formation of character.
Dewey 91993) started that optimally education meant the intelligently directed
development of possibilities where not in ordinary experience and which assist
the individual in the direction of subsequent experience.
From
the above concept education institution is aggregate of culture and society by
means of which the process of transmitting
relevant ideal, knowledge value and skill and training of individuals
through various agencies of education especially the schools.
Overtime
strike actions has been used a veritable tools of labour or management
negotiation tactics, it has been used and some will say over used to low
recalcitrant employer both in private and public sector.
Strike
has an effect on workers in the public sector with special emphasis on LASU as
an Educational Institution, parts of the effect to be considered include pay or
condition, job insecurity les of motivation, paralysis of workers initiatives
global academic standard e.t.c.
The
down turn and subsequent depression, inflatory treads and the degradation of the
Nigerian economy in the past decade, has made the socio educational
consequences of the emergency of various strike action by unions like the
Senior Staff Association of Nigeria (SSANU) the non Academic Staff Union
(NASU), the Academic
Staff Union
University (ASUU). These unions are responsible for a
continuous association of wages earns for the purpose of maintaining or
improving the conditions of the working lives. The actions of the union in the
educational institution in Nigeria
are much powerful than the political parties because they have legitimate power
to call out worker on strike.
The
power in this collective of workers can promote the resolution of a variety of
problems by the workforce.
The
higher education in Nigeria is composed of universities, polytechnics,
institutions of technology, colleges of education that from part of are
affiliated to universities and polytechnics, colleges and professional specialized
institutions of technology, colleges and professional specialized institutions.
They can be further categorized as state or federal government Universities are
owned and funded by the federal government, while state Universities owned and
financed by the state government. First generation Universities are the six
Universities established in the 1970’s while third generation.
Universities
refer to the eleven institutions including the universities of Technology
established in the 1980’s and 1990’s.
Lagos
State University
was established in 1983. it fall between the second generation universities,
Nigeria universities experienced a wave of strike as Lecturers ands student
from one University after another demonstrate for different reasons.
The
decay in Nigeria Institutions of Higher Learning is caused, in part, by the
fact that lecturers and professors in Nigerian Universities go on strike for
six to nine months. However, there are shortage of tools and facilities in Nigeria
universities but constant strike by workers make academic decay in Nigeria
institution worse, not better.
The
problems we have highest are not unique to Nigeria alone, even in the united
state, the professors are doing more less, indeed, this is the experience of
many African Universities expert perhaps South Africa, but in is unusual to her
that professor in this country go on strike every year.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The
devastating effect of strike action and
its attendant problems in the
educational sector of a country makes this phenomenon a matter of enormous
concern in Nigeria
especially.
The
consequence of strike action on educational institution are enormous and of the
highest magnitude all over the world. It
is a known fact that all over the world that strike action and protest is the
oldest and extensive vice that plague an industry in a country.
Strike
is as old as any industrial sector and it is
a major problem facing civilization.
Strike
is a serious problem among educational in Nigeria universities, among academic
and non-academic staff, they have chosen to embark on strike action, rather
than engage more on academic for the development of their student and for
development of their students and for
the growth of the country. These problems have promoted research to analyze the
causative factors as well as critical
looking at strike as it effects to the educational institution society as a
whole.
The
frequent ASUU strike is always caused by
the government, due to their frequent
interference on educational and substantive rule agreed upon
collectively with the union. These anti-intellectual, anti- universities and
anti-student’s polices of Obasanjo’s military regime precipitated the process
of destruction of the universities since the 1970’s. The above background
information provides an explanation for the crisis in the universities as well
as the attitude and policies of Obasanjo regime towards the university over the
past four years.
Also
the illegal termination of lecturers’ appointment also contributed to the
occurrences of strike actions. Example, termination of lecturers appointment of
UniLiorin lecturer in (2001) under the Obasanjo civilian regime is not accident
neither is his self-imposed yoke of fighting ASUU. But the consequences is the
destruction of the Nigeria
educational system.
Secondly,
poor remuneration of the workers in educational institution in Nigeria
happens to be the major problem that
causes strike almost all the time, the
last three days strike that occurred in LASU, in the month or March 2005 is due
to owing of salaries. In essence remuneration refers to salary or wages and all the allowance and financial
benefits payable to an employees either in cash or kind in return for his
services.
The
long ASUU strike that took place at ABU on the 14th October 2003 is due to poor
remuration. After all this situation could have been completely avoided if only
reason prevailed and dialogue was employed to resolve to issues in dispute. The
major point that causes this ASUU strike was
-
Payment of the four month salaries (February-May 2003) with held during the
suspended natural strike of ASUU (which lasted from 29th December 2002 to 18th June 2003).
-
Correct implementation of the UASSW as
contained in the NUE. Circular of 23rd January 2003, and payments of various
arrears if allowance occurred over the period of 2½ years (Since May, 2001).
-
Rectification of the truncated steps or
annual increment in the salaries of lecturers on UASS 1-4 and payment of
arrears.
The
steady decline in the Nigerian Universities system and the inevitable
corruption in which the system itself is now enveloped Examination Leakages,
Course not rackets. Sex for grades
amongst other characteristics of the system that no longer prepare students for
good citizenship.
Cultism
has merely as the violent aspect of a system which no longer serves its basic
function. Under finding Universities by
the federal and state governments, intervention of public affairs that are not
conversant with campus life has been
recognized as part of the causes of frequency strike in which universities
found themselves.
Universities
have been forced to admit more students than can cope with and have frequent
been compelled to admit students they would other wise reject
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The
purpose of the research is to:
-
Asses the extent and the various
causative factors, which lead to the prevalence of strike on universities
campus.
-
To critically analyze the social and
psychological factors that influence strike actions.
-
Identify when strike is necessary and
when it is not necessary.
-
To determine the effect of strike on
academic activities in Nigeria Universities.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Some
fundamental questions that are posed in the course of study are as follows.
-
What are the effects of strike action on
workers
-
Does an increased occurrence of strike action have any
significant influence on academic standards?
-
What factors lead to strike action on
LASU campus?
-
Are there any major crises associated
with strike action
-
What are the socio-economic effects of
strike action on the employee?
-
What are the efficient ways for managing
strike action?
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
A. - Ho1: Government
interference in Universities brings about incessant strike actions.
B. - Ho2: Strike action persists in Nigeria Universities
because workers are not well
remunerated.
C. - Ho3: Inadequate infrastructure in the Universities
system is a cause of strike action by the work force.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The
research study helps to educate and give overview of the problem of strike
action. It will enlighten the general public, the Universities (OJO CAMPUS)
community, academic staff, student and government on strike action as a
phenomenon. The study will also provide useful information for policy planners,
mangers, employers, workers as well as general public.
The
finding of the study will also be useful to scholar and students.
1.7 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The
major concern of this study is to determine and to know why workers are involved
in strike action, its merit and demerits, its role in the service and how it
achieves it aims, it definitions, causes and the extern of strike actions on
our society, this is necessary because it leads us to the conditions under
strike can take place which specific reference to Lagos State Universities (ONO
CAMPUS).
1.8 DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
ANTAGONISTIC: -
A person who show or feels opposition
BARRICADED: A
barrier made from the nearest available object and placed across something as a
defense or an obstacle.
PRICE HIKE: An
increased in the cost of something.
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION: Place
where relevant ideals, knowledge, value and skill and training of individuals.
RECALCITRANT: Resisting
authority or discipline.
STANDARD: A
special level of quality
SOLIDARITY: Unity,
agreement and support result from shared interest, feeling, actions and
sympathizers e.t.c.
SYSTEM: - A
group of things or parts working together as a whole
STRIKE:
Refusal to work by an employee at a particular period of time.
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