TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
1.0
INTRODUCTION
1.1 JUSTIFICATION
1.2
OBJECTIVES OF THIS STUDY
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE
REVIEW
2.1 DEFINITION
OF MALARIA
2.2
HISTORICAL OUTLINE
2.3 COMMON
FEATURES
2.3.1
PERIODICITY
2.3.2 RELAPSES
2.3.3 CAUSE OF
DEATH
2.3.4
SENSITIZATION
2.3.5 HOST
FACTORS
2.4 PATHOLOGICAL
AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES
2.5 MALARIA
SPECIES IN MAN
2.5.1 PLASMODIUM
VIVAX
5.2 PLASMODIUM OVALE
2.5.3 PLASMODIUM
MALARIAE
2.5.4PLASMODIUM
FALCIPARUM
2.6
LIFE CYCLE 2.6.1
2.6.2 PARASITE
IN VERTEBRATE HOST
2.6.2.1 TISSUE
PHASE
2.6.2.2
ERYTHROCYTIC PHASE
2.6.23
ULTRASTRUCTURE
2.7MALARIA IN
PREGNANCY
2.8 MALARIA IN
CHILDREN
2.8.1CONGENITAL
AND NEONATAL MALARIA
2.9 IMMUNITY IN
MALARIA
2.9.1DIAGNOSIS
2.10 SERUM
PROTEINS IN MALRIA
2.11
BIOCHEMISTRY OF CIRCULATING IMMUNE COMPLEX
2.12 CIRCULATING IMMUNE COMPLEXES IN
MALARIA
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 MATERIALS
AND METHODS
3.1 APPARATUS
AND EQUIPMENT
3.2CHEMICALS AND
REAGENTS
3.3 PREPARATION
OF REAGENTS
3.3.1 REAGENT
FOR TOTAL PROTEIN
3.3 .2 REAGENT
FOR ALBUMIN
3.3.3 REAGENTS
FOR CIRCULATING IMMUNE COMPLEXES
3.3.4POLYETHYLENE
GLYCOL (PEG) 6000 SOLUTION
3.4 STUDIED
PATIENTS AND SUBJECTS
3.5 SAMPLE
COLLECTION
3.6 ESTIMATION
OF SERUM TOTAL PROTEIN
3.7 ESTIMATION
OF SERUM ALBUMIN BY BROMOCRESOL GREEN
METHOD
3.8 ASSAY OF
CIRCULATING IMMUNE COMPLEXES (CICs)
3.9 SERUM
GLOBULIN DETERMINATION
3.10 STATISTICAL
ANALYSIS
CHAPTER
FOUR
4.0 RESULTS
CHAPTER
FIVE
5.0 DISCUSSION
AND CONCLUSION
5.1 DISCUSSION
5.2
CONCLUSION
5.3
RECOMMENDATION
REFERENCES
APPENDIX I
CHAPTER ONE
1.0
INTRODUCTION
Malaria is a febrile illness characterized by fever
and related symptoms (WHO, 1990).
It
is a disease caused by a blood borne protozoan parasite which is an
intracellular parasite belonging to the class Sporozoa and of the genus
Plasmodium and it is transmitted through the bite of an infected female
anopheles mosquito (CDC, 2002). There are four different parasites of this
genus which may give rise to malaria in man.
Malaria is probably one of the
oldest diseases known to mankind that has profound impact on our history.
History of malaria and its terrible effects is as ancient as the history of
civilization, therefore history of mankind itself (Ray et al., 1992). This ancient
disease is still the scourge of the tropic and subtropics Africa, the Middle
East, Asia and China and Central and South America are all endemic zones with
tens of Ilion cases annually (Lucas, 1992).
Plasmodium falciparum
is one of the genus and cause the most ere and virulent form of the disease and
the only one to cause acute ality. In this study Plasmodium falciparum will be on focus since it is most prevalent
in Nigeria. This genus of malaria spend a part of their cycle in the red cell
of the host where the erythrocyticschizogony. They develop into merozoites and
undergo a cycle producing schizonts.
Each cycle terminates when the red cell rupture
releasing merozoites into the circulation to infect new red cells eliciting an
immune response.
Malaria infection leads to the
formation of circulating immune complexes (Mibeiet al., 2005). The importance of circulating immune complexes (CIC)
and their relationship to various diseases has been the subject of
investigation for number of years. Formation of immune complexes is a
protective, on-going and usually benign process of a normally functioning
immune system. However, in some individual CIC are deposited in the walls of
blood vessels, especially in the glomerular capillaries where they cause tissue
damage.
The
biospecific binding between sites of the antibody and the determinant group of
the antigen result in the formation of antigen-antibody complex (AgAb) known as
immune complexes (McDougal and McDuffie, 1985). Since malaria has been known to
cause mortality this study is aimed at assessing the magnitude of circulating
immune Complexes and some biochemical parameters which include serum total
rein, albumin and globulin.
1.1 JUSTIFICATION
The science of immunology have suggested the use of
CIC to measure variety of clinically oriented condition, this current studies
,suggest that CIC determination can be important in the evaluation of in
disease and sometimes in monitoring the efficiency of therapy.
Studies have suggested that plasma protein pattern
is frequently abnormal in patients with acute malaria and disturbance in immune
responses makes the disease a major cause of morbidity and mortality in
patients with malaria.
There is therefore need to
determine CIC and serum proteins in patients suffering from malaria with a view
to understand the pathology of the infection.
1.2
OBJECTIVES OF THIS STUDY
This study is aimed at:
1. Determining
the serum protein levels and CIC level in cerebral malaria patients, those
currently on treatments, severe malaria and apparently healthy individuals.
2. Comparing
the level among the different groups studied.
3. Making
recommendations based on the results obtained and use of CIC in the diagnosis
of malaria.
Buyers has the right to create
dispute within seven (7) days of purchase for 100% refund request when
you experience issue with the file received.
Dispute can only be created when
you receive a corrupt file, a wrong file or irregularities in the table of
contents and content of the file you received.
ProjectShelve.com shall either
provide the appropriate file within 48hrs or
send refund excluding your bank transaction charges. Term and
Conditions are applied.
Buyers are expected to confirm
that the material you are paying for is available on our website
ProjectShelve.com and you have selected the right material, you have also gone
through the preliminary pages and it interests you before payment. DO NOT MAKE
BANK PAYMENT IF YOUR TOPIC IS NOT ON THE WEBSITE.
In case of payment for a
material not available on ProjectShelve.com, the management of
ProjectShelve.com has the right to keep your money until you send a topic that
is available on our website within 48 hours.
You cannot change topic after
receiving material of the topic you ordered and paid for.
Login To Comment