ABSTRACT
This study deals with the design, construction and performance evaluation of 1000W (1KVA) fuelless power generating set to serve as an alternative source of energy. The materials used for the project work included c motor, alternator, connecting shaft, coupling, 12V/75Ah battery, charging panel (Transformer, diode, and capacitor), and frame. The methods involved fabrication of a connecting rod with boring of a reasonable hole that was conveniently fitted into the DC motor with threaded hole for bolting. The crank casing of the alternator was inserted and the armature of the alternator was fixed. The generator frame was then constructed to provide support and rigidity. The diode was connected to green cables and capacitors to the yellow cable. The terminal of the DC motor was connected to the battery, with red cables to the mains as output. The machine consists of five different units; the power supply, conversion, control, output and charging units. The components parts includes 12V battery, D.C motor, alternator, connecting shaft, bolts and nuts, transformer, diode, and noise damper. The result of the performance evaluation of the fuel-less power generating set shows that the machine has an average efficiency of 56.43% at load of 600W for continuous operation. The peak efficiency of the constructed fuel-less power generating set was 89.1% at load of 100W. For comparison, the result obtained from Power inverter, has clearly confirmed that the highest efficiency recorded is at 96.27% which is more than that of the fuel-less power generating set which is at 89.1%, at a load of 100W respectively.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page i
Dedication ii
Certification iii
Acknowledgement iv
Table of contents v
List of Tables ix
List of Figures ix
Abstracts x
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background to the Study 1
1.2 Statement of Problem 2
1.3 Aims and Objective of the Study 3
1.4 Scope of the Study 3
1.5 Justification of the Study 3
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction 4
2.2 History of Generators 6
2.3 Electromagnetism 7
2.4 Chemical Reaction in car battery 8
2.5 Direct current Generators 9
2.5.1 Evolution of dynamos 9
2.6 Alternating Current generators 10
2.7 Early developments of fuel less generators 11
2.8 Empirical Review 12
CHAPTER 3: MATERIAL AND METHODS
3.1 Method 15
3.2 Fuel less power generating set component units 16
3.2.1 The power supply unit 16
3.2.2 Conversion unit 16
3.2.3 Control unit 16
3.2.4 Crankshaft 16
3.2.5 Output unit 17
3.3 constructional features 17
3.3.1 The frame 17
3.3.2 The motor seat 18
3.3.3 Alternator seat 18
3.3.4 Battery and charging panel seat 18
3.3.5 Alternator 18
3.3.6 D.C Motor 19
3.4 Construction (Design) procedures 19
3.5 Fuel less engine process 20
3.5.1 Mechanical model 20
3.5.2 Electrical model 20
CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Introduction 24
4.2 Testing 25
4.3 Output Efficiency for fuel less power generator 26
4.4 Exploitation possibilities 28
4.5 D.C Motor Developments 29
4.6 Potentials of fuel less engine 29
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Conclusion 30
5.2 Recommendations 31
References 33
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Bill of Engineering Management and Evaluation 22
Table 2: Performance Evaluation of fuel less power generating set 24
Table 3: Output Efficiency of fuel less generator 25
LIST OF FIGURES
Fig. 3.1: Fuel less generator construction diagram 15
Fig. 3.2: Alternator 23
Fig. 3.3: Battery 23
Fig. 3.4: Battery cable 23
Fig. 3.5: Crankshaft 23
Fig. 3.6: D.C.Motor 23
Fig. 3.7: Diode 23
Fig. 3.8: Fuel less Generator 23
Fig. 4.1: Input and output power of Fuel less generator 27
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
The global consumption of energy is growing and there is need for new renewable energy sources. Among the following energy sources that could be free from carbon dioxide are wind, wave and tidal of photovoltaic and osmotic power. But fuelless engine is still most dependable low maintenance cost energy new renewable solutions. The use of low cost, conventional energy such as fossil fuels will continue to be major source of energy until next decades, despite their adverse effect on environment. The pressure on the environment by human activities compiled with carbon dioxide emissions calls for thorough research on the alternatives.
Now a new principle can be applied to electricity generation leading to electricity cycle, bringing electricity revolution in Nigeria. Ordinarily conventional electricity generators make use of fuel or solar/wind or nuclear energy etc. In the case of fuel (in this analysis fuel can be petrol, diesel, steam, charcoal, kerosene etc.), an internal combustion engine is involved. This engine uses the chemical energy in the fuel converts it into mechanical energy that will be used to drive the alternator thereby generating electricity based on the principle of electromagnetic induction.
Today Nigeria faces a destabilizing dependency on irreplaceable fossil fuels which are also rapidly dwindling. As shortages of oil and natural gas occur with more frequency, the “New Energy Crisis” is now heralded in the news media. However, an alternative source of energy that can replace fossil fuels has not been reliable demonstrated. A real need exists for portable source of power that can compete with fossil fuel and its energy density. A further need exists on land, in air, and in space, for a fuel-less source of power which, by definition, does not require re-fueling. The future freedom, and quite possibly the future survival, of mankind depend on the utilization of such a source of energy, if it exists.
A fuel-less engine is an engine that produces electricity 24/7 without fuel (petrol, diesel, oil, grease, gas, wind energy). Fuel-less engine can replace any of these engines types. Fuel-less engine has very little impact on the environment, noiseless, pollution free, self-dependent. It can be built to the capacity of the load you want it to carry. The driving mechanism is the DC motor, which is driven by a battery (12V or more). The battery drives the DC motor, which in turn spins the alternator to produce electricity and at the same time, with the help of the solar energy, it recharges back the battery. It requires a suitable controller to regulate the voltage due to variation of consumer loads. There are several different types of engine and all have different uses on the road, in the air, on the water, under the ground, in the hospitals and behind the data centers.
1.2 Statement of Problem
The Engineering challenge of generating energy from a fuel-less generator or engine for useful work is, at the turn of this century, plagued by ignorance, prejudice and disbelief. The power engineers’ community does not in general acknowledge the emerging opportunities from fundamental discoveries of fuelless energy. Instead, there are many expositions from prominent sources against it.
With convincing skeptical arguments like these from the experts, how can a generator work without any fossil fuel and have good performance like fuel-generator? What engineering protocol can be theoretically developed for the designing of a fuel-less generator if it can be reasonably considered to be feasible? These are the central problems that are addressed by our thesis.
In addition, With the increase in world population and the rise of living standards, the demand for energy in the world is steadily increasing. Global environmental issues and exhaustion of fossil resources also pose serious problems for energy consumption (Houghton, 1989). Environmental friendly energy technology and a shift to non fossil energy resources such as natural energy and biomass are expected.
Generally, from the past efforts of so many researchers it can be deduced that search for renewable energy is important in terms of sustainable energy throughout the world. Hence operating principle of electromagnetic generator such as fuel-less power generating set design, construction and evaluation is of most important.
1.3 Aims and Objective of the Study
The aim of this study is to design and fabricate a 1KVA fuel-less generator that is efficient and less energy consuming.
The objective of the study is to design, construct and evaluate the performance of a mini Power (1KVA) fuelless generating set.
This can be achieved through the following objectives
Design and fabrication a portable fuel-less generator that can be very affordable
To determine the efficiency of the designed generator
To analyze the input and output characteristics of the generator.
1.4 Scope/Limitation of the project
The project covers the design and fabrication of a 1 KVA fuel-less generator. The availability and the cost of the raw materials needed for this fabrication will pose as a major challenge. The raw materials required for the fabrication will be sourced for locally. The limitation of this project is that the design and construction of this generator is limited to a maximum output 1KVA of electric power. This means that the generator can only be put to use in areas that do not demand more than 1KVA.
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