TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Background to study
1.2 Aim
1.3 Objectives
1.4 Hypothesis
1.5 Statement of Problem
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Fruit Juices
2.2 Preparation of Fruit Juice
2.3 Glucose
2.4 Role and Functions of Glucose
2.5 Glycolysis
2.6 Glucoregulation
2.7 Production of Glucose
2.8 Food Sources of Glucose
2.9 Analysis
2.10 Comparison
of Fruit Juice to Whole Fruit
2.11 Health Effects of Natural Fruit Juices and Uses
2.12 Health Effects of Commercial Fruit Juices
2.13 Effects
of Natural and Commercial Fruit Juice on Blood Glucose Level
2.14 Conclusion
CHAPTER THREE
MATERIALS AND METHOD
3.1 Research
Design
3.2 Population Area
3.3 Population of Study
3.4 Sample Size and Sampling Technique
3.5 Sample Collection
3.6 Laboratory
Analysis
3.6.1 Procedure for
Analysis
3.6.2 Manual Calculation
3.6.3 Result
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 RESULTS
CHAPTER FIVE
DISCUSSION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Background to study
Fruit contains many beneficial qualities to
one’s health as they provide an abundance of vitamins, minerals, anti-oxidants
and fibres which are all essential for human diet (Klee, 2010). Many people
consume fruit juices on a daily basis, as it is becoming an important part of
the modern diet in many communities. It acts as a
nutritious beverage and can play a significant part in a healthy diet because
they offer a variety of nutrients found naturally in fruits (Cleveland, 2006). However,
they may also have high sugar content. Although the sugar is natural, it may
not be healthy in high quantities. It is suggested that too much sugar could
pose harmful health effects as people could develop diabetes, obesity, heart
disease, and other complications from excess consumption (Muraki, et al., 2013). Bottled fruit juices is
criticized by its concentration or additionally supplemented sugars and
contributing the extra calories when consumed in excess (Gormaker, 2008) and in
plight of this, companies have contemporarily been marketing fruit juices with
“no sugar added” feature in part to address the concern of exceeding the daily
recommendation of sugar intake.
The comparison of the sugar content in
freshly extracted fruit juice with the sugar content in bottled fruit juice
claiming to have “no sugar added” is of interest for a number of reasons. If
the sugar content in bottled fruit juice is higher than that of freshly
extracted fruit juice, people may want to reconsider the amount of commercially
bottled fruit juice they consume.
Fructose is one of the most abundant sugars in fruit juice.
Some people believe fructose is healthier than sucrose because it is found
naturally in fruit, however it can be equally harmful (Bazzano, Joshipura, and
Hu, 2008). Fructose, also known as fruit sugar, is a simple monosaccharide
absorbed directly into the blood stream during digestion. Fruit, vegetables,
and honey are all natural sources of fructose. Crystalline fructose, high
fructose corn syrup, and sucrose are all three common forms of fructose.
Excessive amounts of fructose consumption have been tied to negative health
effects. The ever increasing occurrence of obesity, diabetes mellitus, and
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease could be a result of excessive fructose
intake as well. Also, fructose may promote the formation of glycotoxins, which
may contribute to diabetes, the aging process, and the thickening of the
arterial walls (Gaby, 2005).
Sugar content varies depending on the type of fruit. All
fruit juices contain fructose, but vary in their amount of sucrose, glucose and
sorbitol. Fruit with low sugar content include lemon, lime and blackberry.
Fruits with low to medium sugar content include papaya, watermelon and apple.
Fruits that are considered to have high sugar content include grape, mango,
pineapple, and banana. In general, the level of sugar in the juice of a fruit
is correlated to the level of sugar in the fruit itself. It is also relevant to
know that not all fruits are made into juices. Some of the fruits made into
natural and commercially bottled juices include watermelon, apple, orange,
grape, pomegranate, pineapple, papaya, cranberry, sugarcane, and lime.
Fruit
juice in moderate amounts can help adults meet daily recommendation for fruit
consumption, nutrient intake, and calories (Nicklas and Kleinman, 2011).
Maintaining the required blood glucose level among adults is of utmost
importance, so as to enable all parts of their body (brain, liver, muscle, and
heart) function effectively. In light of this, it is important for adults who
are constantly exposed to various stressors which lead to depletion of their
energy level, resort to the consumption of fruit juices which is a ready source
of energy to maintain their carbohydrate metabolism.
However, adults may prefer fruit juices over whole fruit
because they offer good taste and the
way fruit juices are packaged friendly in such a way that solve the
anaesthetics of adults and as oppose by the strenuous and rigorous processes of
peeling, washing, and cutting of whole fruit before their consumption. Juices
are the perfect fast food for today’s eat-on-the-run lifestyle.
1.2 Aim
1.
To compare the effect of natural and commercial fruit juices on blood glucose
level of students in Delta State College of Health Technology, Ofuoma-Ughelli.
1.3 Objectives
1. To find out if natural and
commercial fruit juices has the same effect on blood glucose level of students
in Delta State College of Health Technology, Ofuoma Ughelli.
2. To find out if there is a
significant difference between the effect of natural and commercial fruit
juices on blood glucose level of students in Delta State College of Health
Technology, Ofuoma-Ughelli.
1.4 Hypothesis
A.
H0: Natural fruit juice does not
increase blood glucose level of students in Delta State College of Health
Technology, Ofuoma-Ughelli.
H1: Natural fruit juice
increases blood glucose level of students in Delta State College of Health
Technology, Ofuoma-Ughelli.
B.
H0: Commercial fruit juice does
not increase blood glucose level of students in Delta State College of Health
Technology, Ofuoma-Ughelli.
H1: Commercial fruit juice
increases blood glucose level of students in Delta State College of Health
Technology, Ofuoma-Ughelli.
1.5 Statement of Problem
Natural fruits are one of
the healthiest foods we can consume, relatively loaded with vitamins, minerals
and free radical antioxidant. Fruit juices on the other hand are also often
perceived as being healthy; this is understandable given that it has the word
fruit in it. To date, several studies have been conducted to compare the
effects of natural and commercial fruit juices on blood glucose level, but the
results have been conflicting and entirely inconsistent. Some studies found
that natural and commercial fruit juices does not have thesame effect on blood
glucose level, while other findings suggested that natural and commercial fruit
juices increases bood glucose level and other studies have also found that
natural and commercial fruit juices might not equally be associated with
increased blood glucose level. Therefore this research work is aimed at
comparing the effect of natural and commercial fruit juice on the blood glucose
level of students in Delta State College of Health Technology Ofuoma-Ughelli.
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